STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS OF ANCIENT CHINESE DRAWLOOM FOR PATTERN-WEAVING

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hung Hsiao ◽  
Hong-Sen Yan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Time Period

This work synthesizes the mechanism structures of the drawloom for pattern-weaving, which was illustrated unclearly in many ancient Chinese literatures. Based on the analysis of mechanism, the structural characteristics and design constraints of the mechanism with uncertain members and joints are concluded. Then, according to the concepts of generalization and specialization subject to the concluded design constraints, all feasible structures of mechanism that meet the technological standards of the subject’s time period are reconstructed including 16 and 8 design concepts for the heddle foot-falling device and the heddle foot-raising device, respectively. This reconstruction process provides a logical foundation to deal with the issue of the ancient mechanical drawings with uncertain members and joints.

Structural synthesis of ancient Chinese foot-operated slanting loom

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (11) ◽  
pp. 2685-2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
K-H Hsiao ◽  
Y-H Chen ◽  
P-Y Tsai ◽  
H-S Yan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Time Period

This study synthesizes the structures of the foot-operated slanting loom, which was depicted confusedly in many ancient Chinese literatures. Based on the analysis of mechanism, the structural characteristics and design constraints of the mechanism with uncertain members and joints are concluded. Then, according to the concepts of generalization and specialization subject to the concluded design constraints, all feasible structures of mechanism that met the technological standards of the subject's time period are reconstructed. This reconstruction process provides a logical foundation to better understanding, clarification, and suggestions for the issue of the ancient mechanical drawings with uncertain members and joints.

STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS OF ANCIENT CHINESE ORIGINAL CROSSBOW

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hung Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period

The original crossbow was one of the most important weapons in ancient China. Since crossbows have diversified types and were widely used in ancient China after the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), the original crossbow should have many designs in different eras and regions. The aim of this work is to synthesize mechanism structures of the original crossbow. Based on the analyses of crossbows, the structural characteristics and design constraints of this device are concluded. Then, according to the concepts of generalization and specialization subject to the concluded design constraints, twelve feasible structures of mechanism that meet the technological standards of the subject’s time period are reconstructed.

Reconstruction Synthesis of the Lost Subsystem for the Planetary Motions of Antikythera Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Sen Yan ◽  
Jian-Liang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Technology Standards ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Minimum Numbers ◽  
Planetary Theories

The mechanism for the planetary motions contained in the lost subsystem of Antikythera mechanism is a strict challenge of the reconstruction design. This work presents a systematic procedure of the reconstruction design to synthesize all feasible designs which agree with the science and technology standards of the subject’s time period. Based on the kinematic analysis of ancient planetary theories, the anomaly planetary motions could be formulated. By the mechanism analysis, two types of feasible topological structures with the minimum numbers of members are obtained, and the relationships of teeth for the inferior and superior planets are derived. Through the study of the historical literature, the astronomical theories and the existing designs, the required design constraints are concluded. For the two reconstruction designs, one, the design by Edmunds and Morgan, and three feasible design concepts are, respectively, synthesized in accordance with the concepts of generalization and specialization. Focusing on each feasible design concepts, this work derives the relationships of teeth. Furthermore, one feasible combination of these feasible designs for different planets is adopted for detail design. And, it could be the original structure for the planetary motions of the lost subsystem of Antikythera mechanism.

Conceptual Design of Gear Differentials for Automotive Vehicles

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Sen Yan ◽  
Long-Chang Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Two Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Planetary Gear Trains ◽  
Gear Trains ◽  
Gear Differential

An automotive gear differential is a joint-fractionated planetary gear train with two degrees-of-freedom. We summarize the characteristics of planetary gear trains and the design constraints of noncoupled automotive gear differentials to synthesize their corresponding kinematic graphs. Based on these graphs and the proposed respecializing process, we generate the atlas of design concepts for automotive gear differentials with any types of gear pairs. As a result, there are 4, 25, and 156 design concepts for five-, six-, and seven-bar automotive gear differentials, respectively.

Structural Synthesis of Baranov Trusses With Up to 13 Links

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Huang ◽  
Huafeng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Open Problem ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
Topological Graphs ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Constraint Equations ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Graph Form

The structural synthesis of Baranov trusses is still an open problem, although Baranov trusses are widely used in the design and analysis of mechanisms and robots. This paper proposes a systematic method for the structural synthesis of Baranov trusses. First, the definition review and the graph-form representations of Baranov trusses are proposed. Second, seven propositions on structural characteristics of Baranov trusses are concluded. Then, based on the set of constraint equations and a rigid subchain detection algorithm, a systematic method is presented to synthesize the complete set of Baranov trusses with a specified number of links. Finally, the synthesis results of contracted graphs (including valid and rigid contracted graphs) and topological graphs of Baranov trusses with up to 13 links are provided, and the synthesis methods and results between ours and the ones in the existing literature are compared and discussed in detail.

The Structural Synthesis of Tendon-Driven Manipulators Having a Pseudotriangular Structure Matrix

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyh-Jone Lee ◽  
Lung-Wen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
Structure Matrix ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Structural Isomorphism

Tendons have been widely used for power transmission in the field of anthropomorphic manipulating systems. This article deals with the identification and enumeration of the kine matic structure of tendon-driven robotic mechanisms. The structural isomorphism of tendon-driven manipulators is defined, and the structural characteristics of such mechanical systems are described. Applying these structural characteris tics, a methodology for the enumeration of tendon-driven robotic mechanisms is developed. Mechanism structures with up to six degrees of freedom are enumerated.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF THE TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ROOD FREIGHT TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Transport ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfas Baublys ◽  
Margarita Išoraite
Keyword(s):  
Topological Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
Optimization And Simulation ◽  
Efficiency Comparison ◽  
Analysis Of Stability ◽  
Stability Of Structure

Synthesis of regional road transport freight system's topological structure enables the assessment of impact exercised by various structural characteristics on the functioning of the system. Consequently, it should increase the quality of project solutions in the stage of system structural synthesis. Models of optimization and simulation (included into the simulation procedure of optimization of topological structure) have other possibilities as well. For instance, simulation model enables the solution of various objectives of functional analysis of systems, such as the efficiency comparison analysis of stability of structure undergoing the changes of meanings of system's parameters, the analysis of managing impacts of various types, loading technologies, etc.

Reconstruction Synthesis of the Calendrical Subsystem of Antikythera Mechanism

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Sen Yan ◽  
Jian-Liang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mediterranean Archaeology

The damaged excavation of the Antikythera mechanism presents the oldest astronomical analog computer in ancient Greece. Its interior mechanism is a complicated gear train with many subsystems in which some are unclear, such as the calendrical subsystem. This work focuses on the reconstruction synthesis of the calendrical subsystem and provides a systematic approach to generate all feasible designs. Based on the studies of historical literatures and existing designs, the required design constraints are concluded. Then, according to the concepts of generalization and specialization of mechanisms, two feasible designs and 14 results of teeth counting, including the existing one by Freeth et al. (2002, “The Antikythera Mechanism: 1. Challenging the Classic Research,” Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry, 2, pp. 21–35; 2002, “The Antikythera Mechanism: 2. Is It Posidonius Orrery?,” Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry, 2, pp. 45–58; 2006, “Decoding the Ancient Greek Astronomical Calculator Known as the Antikythera Mechanism,” Nature (London), 444, pp. 587–591; 2008, “Calendars With Olympiad Display and Eclipse Prediction on the Antikythera Mechanism,” Nature (London), 454, pp. 614–617; 2009, “Decoding an Ancient Computer,” Sci. Am., 301(6), pp. 76–83), which are in consistent with the science theories and techniques of the subject’s time period, are synthesized.

Reconstruction of unknown automata designs of Blossoming Flower Clock in Forbidden City

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (7) ◽  
pp. 1354-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsun Chen ◽  
Hong-Sen Yan
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Made In

The Blossoming Flower Clock is an ingenious timepiece made in the 18th century and now preserved in Beijing Palace Museum, China. It generally cannot be disassembled and examined due to its historical value, and hence the inner mechanisms of the clock are unknown. This study provides a systematic design approach for reconstructing the five automata in the clock, namely time keeping, music playing, ducks swimming, flowers blossoming, and figures posturing. For the first two automata, practicable mechanical structures are inferred based on a classification and analysis of known technological customs and practice at the time. A total of seven feasible mechanisms are proposed for the time-keeping automaton, while three possible mechanisms are presented for the music-playing automaton. For the remaining automata, the structural characteristics and design constraints of the associated mechanisms are derived by means of a systematic motion analysis. By applying the concepts of generalization and specialization, a total of seven feasible mechanisms are synthesized for the ducks-swimming automaton, while six mechanisms are presented for the flowers-blossoming automaton and figures-posturing automaton. The proposed methodology is formalized in the form of a flow chart. Overall, the present results suggest that the proposed method provides a useful approach for reconstructing the unknown internal workings of mechanical devices.

scholarly journals Patent Analysis and Structural Synthesis of Epicyclic Gear Trains Used in Automatic Transmissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huafeng Ding ◽  
Changwang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Main Shaft ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Epicyclic Gear ◽  
Transformation Relation ◽  
Gear Trains ◽  
Basic Graph ◽  
Patent Survey

A patent survey is conducted to investigate the application status of epicyclic gear trains (EGTs) used in automatic transmissions (ATs). In this regard, 673 AT patents are investigated firstly, and 274 different EGTs are obtained after the patent processing. EGTs are presented by corresponding double bicolor graphs (DBGs) and they are sorted into 13 groups in accordance with the degree of freedom (DOF) of DBGs and the degree of hollow vertices. Then, structural characteristics of obtained EGTs, which are used to detect whether the EGTs obtained in the future can be used in ATs, are analyzed and summarized. Finally, a new approach is proposed to obtain new configurations of the EGTs with one main shaft based on the transformation relation between DBG and the basic graph. Several examples are presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.

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