THE SEPARATION OF THE RARE EARTHS BY ION-EXCHANGE PROCEDURES

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Fitch ◽  
D. S. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Cerium Group

The iminodiacetic acids have been examined as possible complexing agents in the chromatographic separation of the rare earths with cation exchange resins. The ammonium salts of these acids form complex ions involving both one and two iminodiacetate ions of increasing stability with the rare earth elements of greater atomic number. Methods greatly reducing the time and material requirements are presented for the separation of the cerium group elements with nitrilotriacetic acid.

Comparison of chelating ion exchange resins in sorption of copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 958-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kołodyńska ◽  
Zbigniew Hubicki
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Exchange Resins

This paper investigates the macroporous chelating ion exchangers with different functional groups for their sorption properties towards the copper(II) and zinc(II) ions. The investigations by the dynamic and static methods were carried out in the presence of traditional complexing agents. The differences in affinity of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with these complexones result from the kind of functional groups of the chelating ion exchangers, such as thiourea, aminomethylphosphonate, iminodiacetate, and polyamine groups as well as from the pH value. The quantitative removal of studied heavy metal complexes using chelating ion exchangers is achieved in the case when resins compete successfully for the heavy metal ions against these chelators.Key words: chelating resins, heavy metals, EDTA, NTA.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM SOLID WASTE OF PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID FOLLOWED BY SORPTION ON CATION EXCHANGE RESINS

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Artamonov ◽  
Daria N. Smirnova ◽  
Nicolay N. Smirnov ◽  
Aleksandr P. Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins

The basis of production of extraction phosphoric acid is two simultaneous processes: dissolving phosphate raw material in a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric (formed in the process) acids and crystallization of calcium sulfate (phosphogypsum). Phosphogypsum is an inevitable large-tonnage and cumbersome waste at sulfuric acid processing of apatite, which is of interest not only as a source of building gypsum, but also as an alternative rare earth raw material does not have a natural activity and containing rare-earth elements as a cerium and yttrium groups. As a raw material for the production of rare earth elements, calcium sulfate of three types has been used: phosphogypsum from a sludge accumulator, calcium phosphate phospho-hemihydrate and calcium sulfate phosphate dihydrate from a carousel filter produced by extraction phosphoric acid at JSC "PhosAgro-Cherepovets". The extraction of rare-earth elements from phosphogypsum from a sludge accumulator by leaching (percolation) with inorganic acids with subsequent sorption on cation-exchange resins is considered. As an adsorbent for extracting REE from leach solutions, cationite "Purolite" S-150 is used. A static exchange capacitance of cation exchanger is found that is the capacity of the resin when equilibrium is reached with a solution of a certain volume and composition. The static capacity of cation exchanger for rare-earth elements is 1.57%, which indicates a good absorbing capacity. Desorption of rare-earth elements from the cation exchanger is carried out with a solution of ammonium nitrate. The optimal solution for leaching was found to be sulfuric acid with a concentration of 5% by weight. The degree of extraction of rare-earth elements from phosphogypsum with sulfuric acid is about 82%.Forcitation:Artamonov A.V., Smirnova D.N., Smirnov N.N., Ilyin A.P. Extraction of rare earth elements from solid waste of production of phosphoric acid followed by sorption on cation exchange resins. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 10. P. 87-93

A glance on rare earth oxides: importance, reserves, demand, applications, critical uncertainties, global economy, and zeta potential characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Santos ◽  
Orlando Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Oxides ◽  
Interparticle Forces

Background: Innovation mission in materials science requires new approaches to form functional materials, wherein the concept of its formation begins in nano/micro scale. Rare earth oxides with general form (RE2O3; RE from La to Lu, including Sc and Y) exhibit particular proprieties, being used in a vast field of applications with high technological content since agriculture to astronomy. Despite of their applicability, there is a lack of studies on surface chemistry of rare earth oxides. Zeta potential determination provides key parameters to form smart materials by controlling interparticle forces, as well as their evolution during processing. This paper reports a study on zeta potential with emphasis for rare earth oxide nanoparticles. A brief overview on rare earths, as well as zeta potential, including sample preparation, measurement parameters, and the most common mistakes during this evaluation are reported. Methods: A brief overview on rare earths, including zeta potential, and interparticle forces are presented. A practical study on zeta potential of rare earth oxides - RE2O3 (RE as Y, Dy, Tm, Eu, and Ce) in aqueous media is reported. Moreover, sample preparation, measurement parameters, and common mistakes during this evaluation are discussed. Results: Potential zeta values depend on particle characteristics such as size, shape, density, and surface area. Besides, preparation of samples which involves electrolyte concentration and time for homogenization of suspensions are extremely valuable to get suitable results. Conclusion: Zeta potential evaluation provides key parameters to produce smart materials seeing that interparticle forces can be controlled. Even though zeta potential characterization is mature, investigations on rare earth oxides are very scarce. Therefore, this innovative paper is a valuable contribution on this field.

China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Kalantzakos
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Economic Statecraft ◽  
The Rare Earth

In 2010, because of a geopolitical incident between China and Japan, seventeen elements of the periodic table known as rare earths became notorious overnight. An “unofficial” and temporary embargo of rare-earth shipments to Japan alerted the world to China’s near monopoly position on the production and export of these indispensable elements for high-tech, defense, and renewable energy sources. A few months before the geopolitical confrontation, China had chosen to substantially cut export quotas of rare earths. Both events sent shockwaves across the markets, and rare-earth prices skyrocketed, prompting reactions from industrial nations and industry itself. The rare-earth crisis is not a simple trade dispute, however. It also raises questions about China’s use of economic statecraft and the impacts of growing resource competition. A detailed and nuanced examination of the rare-earth crisis provides a significant and distinctive case study of resource competition and its spill-over geopolitical effects. It sheds light on the formulation, deployment, longevity, effectiveness, and, perhaps, shortsightedness of policy responses by other industrial nations, while also providing an example of how China might choose to employ instruments of economic statecraft in its rise to superpower status.

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