THE EFFECT OF ADDITION AGENTS ON CATHODE POLARIZATION DURING ELECTRODEPOSITION OF COPPER AT SINGLE CRYSTAL COPPER CATHODES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1756-1767
Author(s):  
K. Ekler ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Addition Agent ◽  
Cathode Polarization ◽  
Single Crystal Copper ◽  
Copper Single Crystals

The polarization–time relations for the initial (Pi), maximum (Pmax), and pseudo-steady-state (Ps) polarizations on copper single crystals in the absence and presence of gelatin and gelatin plus chloride ion were found to depend upon crystal orientation. The Pi and Pmax in the absence of gelatin, the Pi in its presence, and the static potentials were all similarly related to the reticular density. The Pi increased, and the time to maximum polarization (tmax) decreased, with increase of current density; the relations between these quantities showed marked differences for the different crystals. The variation with reticular density of Pi and Pmax in the absence of addition agents and of Pi in its presence probably represents differences in activation overpotential at the various crystal faces. The adsorption of gelatin on different crystal faces was also found to be markedly different. Polarization in the presence of gelatin was decreased by small amounts of chloride ion; a linear relation for all the crystals used was obtained by plotting the increase in polarization caused by gelatin against the decrease caused by 2 mgm./liter chloride ion in the presence of gelatin. In the absence of addition agent, change of acid concentration from 50 to 200 gm./liter had no effect on Pi and addition of chloride ion had no effect on Ps at single crystal cathodes.

Fragmentation, Texturing and Plastic Flow in the Subsurface of Friction-Processed Copper Single Crystal

2013 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Chumaevsky ◽  
Dmitry V. Lychagin ◽  
Sergei Yu. Tarasov ◽  
Alexandr Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Texture Formation ◽  
Load Axis ◽  
Copper Single Crystals

Copper single crystals grown according to the Bridgman method and having their axes [] or [11 aligned with the normal load axis were processed by dry sliding. As shown, sliding-induced severe plastic deformation occurred in the subsurface of single crystals and caused formation of a lip by mechanism of texture formation. The SEM structure of this lip was found to be composed of fragments with their shapes dependent on the single crystal orientation with respect to normal load and friction force.

A Continuum Model for Single Crystal Cyclic Plasticity

2003 ◽  
Vol 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biqiang Xu ◽  
Yanyao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Cyclic Behavior ◽  
Cyclic Plasticity ◽  
Amplitude Dependence ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Copper Single Crystals

AbstractA constitutive model was developed to bridge the cyclic plasticity behavior of single crystals and the corresponding characteristic dislocation structures. Yield and flow were built on the individual slip systems. The Armstrong-Frederick kinematic hardening rule was invoked to capture the Bauschinger effect. A material memory parameter was introduced to consider the amplitude dependence of cyclic hardening. Latent hardening considering the interactions among the slip systems was used to describe the anisotropic cyclic behavior. The experimental results of copper single crystals were used to validate the model developed. It was found that the model was able to adequately describe the well-known three distinctive regions in the cyclic stress-strain curve of the FCC single crystal oriented for single slip and the associated dislocation substructures. The model was capable of capturing the enhanced hardening observed in copper single crystals in multi-slip orientations. For a given loading history, the model can predict not only the saturated stress-strain response but also the detailed evolution of the transient cyclic behavior. The characteristic dislocation structures can be featured with the slip evolution.

Orientation Dependence of Ductility of Mg Single Crystals at Elevated Temperature

2005 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Miura ◽  
Taku Sakai ◽  
H. Nogawa ◽  
Xu Yue Yang ◽  
Yoshimi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Orientation Dependence ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
High Ductility ◽  
Superplastic Behavior ◽  
Strong Orientation

Orientation-controlled Mg single crystals were tensile tested at temperatures between 473 K and 673 K at a strain rate of 4.2 x 10-4 s-1 in vacuum. Though all the single crystals showed high ductility compared with that of polycrystals, the ductility of the single crystals strongly depended on the crystal orientation. The [27 -1 -26 1] single crystal showed 0.57 fracture strain, while the [3 8 -11 -1] single crystal showed superplastic behavior of ductility over 1.8 strain. The observed strong orientation dependence of ductility seemed to be caused by orientation dependence of ease occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in the single crystals during high-temperature deformation. The orientation dependence of ductility of Mg single crystals will be discussed in detail concerning crystallographical orientations of the single crystals, occurrence of DRX and fracture.

Deformation Structure and Crystal Orientation of Copper Single Crystals Deformed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing

2003 ◽  
Vol 426-432 ◽  
pp. 2795-2800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Miyamoto ◽  
Uwe Erb ◽  
Tetsuo Koyama ◽  
Takura Mimaki ◽  
Alexei Vinogradov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Deformation Structure ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Copper Single Crystals

Influence of crystal orientation on the processing of copper single crystals by ECAP

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1501-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihide Fukuda ◽  
Keiichiro Oh-ishi ◽  
Minoru Furukawa ◽  
Zenji Horita ◽  
Terence G. Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Copper Single Crystals

Dislocation Boundaries and Slip Systems in Uniaxially Deformed Crystals

2001 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grethe Winther ◽  
Xiaoxu Huang ◽  
Søren Fæster Nielsen ◽  
John Wert
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Boundary Plane ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Crystal Boundary ◽  
Secondary Slip ◽  
Slip Planes ◽  
Planar Dislocation ◽  
Active Slip

ABSTRACTThe dislocations in the extended planar dislocation boundaries formed during deformation are generated by the active slip systems. Investigation of the boundaries is therefore a tool to obtain information on the active slip systems. Here, the orientation of the dislocation boundaries in uniaxially deformed aluminum poly- and single crystals are compared. It is found that the single crystal boundary planes are consistent with those found in polycrystals, indicating that the active slip systems in single and polycrystals are the same. However, boundaries are closer to the slip planes in the single crystals. This is taken as an indication that the secondary slip systems are more active in the polycrystal. The orientation of the boundary plane varies with the crystal orientation in a way that is consistent with activation of the five most stressed slip systems.

EFFECT OF GELATIN ON THE CHANGES IN INITIAL CATHODE POLARIZATION DURING ELECTRODEPOSITION OF COPPER

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Parsons ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
High Current ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Addition Agent ◽  
Cathode Polarization ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Gelatin Concentration

In the absence of addition agent, the cathode polarization during initial electrolysis of copper from a solution of acid copper sulphate rose almost instantaneously from zero to approximately the steady state polarization. When gelatin was present in the electrolyte, the polarization generally increased to a maximum, Pmax, (in time tmax) then decreased to a minimum, Pmin, (in-time tmin) beyond which it increased to the steady state value, Ps. Generally, Pmax increased to a steady value with an increase in the time, T0, the electrode was in contact with the electrolyte before electrolysis was begun. At low, moderate, and high current densities respectively, tmax increased continuously, passed through a maximum, and decreased continuously with T0.The behavior of tmin approximately paralleled that of tmax. The polarization was linear in the logarithm of the current density; tmax and tmin decreased with increase in current density. The polarization values increased and tmax decreased, with increase in gelatin concentration. Increase of temperature had approximately the same effect as decrease in current density. With both chloride and gelatin present, Pmax was practically independent of T0 and chloride concentration, while Pmin and Ps showed minimum values at about 2 mgm./l. chloride.

Wrinkling and Folding in Copper Single Crystals under Compression and Sliding

2015 ◽  
Vol 1085 ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Lychagin ◽  
Sergei Tarasov ◽  
Andrey V. Chumaevskii ◽  
Ekaterina Alfyorova
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Copper Single Crystals ◽  
Structural Scale

Strain-induced folds on the lateral faces of copper monocrystals generated in compression and sliding tests have been studied using SEM and OM techniques. It has been established that these folds form at different structural scale levels by similar mechanisms related basically to distortion of faces in the vicinity of their end faces during the so-called "lip" formation. Under compression folds have also been formed on the lateral areas bended and on the strain domain boundaries.Keywords: single crystal, wrinkling, folding fragmentation, texture, sliding.

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