PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE KINETICS OF THE ALKALINE FADING OF ORGANIC DYES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Y. Chen ◽  
Keith J. Laidler
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Back Reaction ◽  
Bromphenol Blue ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Pressure And Temperature Effects ◽  
Kinetics Of

The rates of the alkaline fading of bromphenol blue, phenolphthalein, crystal violet, and malachite green have been studied from atmospheric pressure to 16,000 pounds per square inch. The rates for phenolphthalein and malachite green were also measured over a range of temperatures in order to determine the activation energies and entropies. The reactions went essentially to completion with the exception of the fading of phenolphthalein, for which the effects of temperature and pressure on the back reaction and equilibrium constant were also studied. No effect of pressure was found for the fading of crystal violet, but the reactions of the other three dyes were accelerated by pressure, so that there are negative volumes of activation. These are correlated with the entropies of activation and are interpreted in terms of the reaction mechanisms.

Kinetics of the reaction of malachite green and crystal violet with formally aprotic solvents

1980 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek K. Kalinowskil ◽  
Jarosz.xl;law Stachurskil ◽  
Konard R. Janowskil
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Aprotic Solvents ◽  
Kinetics Of

RATES OF ADSORPTION OF HYDROGEN ON PALLADIUM AND ON RHODIUM

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred J. D. Low
Keyword(s):  
Gas Pressure ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Elovich Equation ◽  
Supported Palladium ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of

A study of the effects of temperature and initial gas pressure on the kinetics of chemisorption of hydrogen on alumina-supported palladium and rhodium catalysts revealed, for both gas–solid systems, that the adsorption proceeded via three distinct and consecutive kinetic stages. Each stage could be described by the Elovich equation. The temporal range of existence of each kinetic stage was temperature- and pressure-sensitive, low initial pressures and high temperatures favoring early appearance of each stage. On increasing the temperatures from 0° to 400 °C, the amounts of hydrogen adsorbed on both solids decrease. Over that temperature range the rates of adsorption on Pd decrease, while those on Rh increase, with increasing temperature. The general effect of increasing the initial gas pressure over the range 10–60°mm Hg is to increase both rates and extents of adsorption.

Diffusive motions of water molecules near 1 °C

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Irish ◽  
W. G. Graham ◽  
P. A. Egelstaff
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Rotational Diffusion ◽  
Waller Factor ◽  
Root Mean Square Amplitude ◽  
Breaking Effect ◽  
Debye Waller Factor ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Breaking Time ◽  
Structure Breaking

Neutron (quasi-elastic) scattering experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of temperature and pressure on the motion of molecules in liquid H2O. Spectra were obtained at several temperatures between −10 and +24 °C at atmospheric pressure, and also at +1 °Cand 1.42 × 108 Pa. The root-mean-square amplitude of proton motion in solid and liquid H2O at atmospheric pressure has been inferred from measurements of the Debye–Waller factor and is nearly constant at 0.07 nm for both the solid and liquid. A model in which the translational diffusion and rotational diffusion are based on Brownian motion was fitted to our data using published diffusion coefficient data. The structure breaking time was found to be very small at 1 and 10 °C. Both these conclusions are compared with those reported in several earlier papers, which gave varying results.The spectrum measured at 1.42 × 108 Pa was slightly broader than the corresponding spectrum at atmospheric pressure, probably indicating that the well-known minimum in the viscosity at this pressure is due to a structure breaking effect.

Study on the Shape of Occurrence and Developing of Evaporation Wave in Short Pipe

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 1948-1952
Author(s):  
Wei Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Bubble Flow ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Wave Fronts ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Bubble Rising ◽  
Moving Speed

When liquid within short pipe is placed suddenly into low-pressure environment from an atmospheric pressure, the effects of temperature and pressure on occurrence and developing of evaporation wave are studied, the variations of flow patterns are observed. The experimental results show that flow patterns of liquid within short pipe gradually change from bubble rising to blazing bubble flow until annular flow with a decrease in initial environmental pressure. Intensity and moving speed of the evaporation wave increased with a decrease of the diameter of pipe and pressure, and an increase of the fluid temperature. The evaporation wave fronts are in a state of explosive vaporization, instantaneous propagation velocity of evaporation wave fronts is violently fluctuating.

Kinetics of alkaline fading of malachite green and crystal violet in critical solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyun Chen ◽  
Zilin Yang ◽  
Weiguo Shen
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Critical Solutions ◽  
Kinetics Of

ON THE KINETICS OF A RELAXING HIGH TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE NITROGEN PLASMA

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Belevtsev ◽  
V.F. Chinnov ◽  
A.V. Fyodorov ◽  
E. Kh. Isakaev ◽  
O. A. Sinkevich
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of the catalytic hydrodesulphurization reaction system; hydrogenolysis of thiophene

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2728-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Fott ◽  
Petr Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Molybdenum Catalyst ◽  
Cobalt Molybdenum Catalyst ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Reaction Schemes

Kinetics have been studied of the reaction system taking place during the reaction of thiophene on the cobalt-molybdenum catalyst in a gradientless circulation flow reactor at 360 °C and atmospheric pressure. Butane has been found present in a small amount in the reaction products even at very low conversion. In view of this, consecutive and parallel-consecutive (triangular) reaction schemes have been proposed. In the former scheme the appearance of butane is accounted for by rate of desorption of butene being comparable with the rate of its hydrogenation. According to the latter scheme part of the butane originates from thiophene via a different route than through hydrogenation of butene. Analysis of the kinetic data has revealed that the reaction of thiophene should be considered to take place on other active sites than that of butene. Kinetic equations derived on this assumption for the consecutive and the triangular reaction schemes correlate experimental data with acceptable accuracy.

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Effects of temperature and pressure

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis B. Anderson ◽  
Rade Marković
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxidative Carbonylation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Carbonylation Reaction ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

The influence of temperature and carbon monoxide pressure on the course of oxidative carbonylation reaction of 1,5-cyclooctadiene in the presence of the palladium(II) salts as a catalyst, was investigated.

scholarly journals Some Thermodynamic Relationships for Soils at or Below the Freezing Point: 2. Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Unfrozen Soil Water

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip F. Low ◽  
Pieter Hoekstra ◽  
Duwayne M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Thermodynamic Relationships ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure
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