THE RADIOLYSIS OF ETHANOL: I. VAPOR PHASE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1836-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ramaradhya ◽  
G. R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Alpha Radiolysis ◽  
Methane Carbon

The alpha radiolysis of ethanol vapor at 108 °C produced hydrogen as the major single product, with smaller amounts of methane, carbon monoxide, ethylene, ethane, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, water, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, propanol, and butanol. The initial yield of hydrogen was G(H2) = 8.9 ± 0.4, which is much higher than the values reported for the liquid phase (G(H2) ≈ 4).A mechanism is proposed to account for the formation of the products. However, the observed value of G(H2O) = 5.4 is over four times larger than can be explained by the mechanism.There is a good material balance in the observed reaction products, which indicates that little polymerization occurred during the radiolysis. This is in marked contrast with the vapor phase radiolysis of cyclohexane.

Kinetics of carbon monoxide methanation on a Ni/SiO2 catalyst

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1678-1685
Author(s):  
Vladimír Stuchlý ◽  
Karel Klusáček
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Adsorbed Hydrogen ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Co Methanation ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of CO methanation on a commercial Ni/SiO2 catalyst was evaluated at atmospheric pressure, between 528 and 550 K and for hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratios ranging from 3 : 1 to 200 : 1. The effect of reaction products on the reaction rate was also examined. Below 550 K, only methane was selectively formed. Above this temperature, the formation of carbon dioxide was also observed. The experimental data could be described by two modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models, based on hydrogenation of surface CO by molecularly or by dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen in the rate-determining step. Water reversibly lowered catalyst activity and its effect was more pronounced at higher temperature.

Thermodynamic Properties of the System Methane‐Carbon Monoxide at 90.67°K

1955 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mathot ◽  
L. A. K. Staveley ◽  
J. A. Young ◽  
N. G. Parsonage
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Methane Carbon

RUMEN GAS ANALYSIS BY GAS-SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McArthur ◽  
J. E. Miltimore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Thermal Detector ◽  
Thermal Detection ◽  
Methane Carbon

Methods are described for sampling and analysing rumen gases. The analysis requires less than 15 minutes for the determination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide, i.e., for all gases occurring in the rumen. The method is sensitive and requires only a small quantity of sample, and the sample volume need not be known. The presence of water or other vapours in the sample does not influence the results. Relative thermal detector responses have been determined for gases which occur in the rumen. These eliminate the necessity for the calibration of gas chromatographs using thermal detection. The first complete analysis of rumen gas is presented.

Methanation on exfoliated and supported MoS2

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenter A. Scholz ◽  
S. Roy Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Transition Metal Catalysts ◽  
Surface Species ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Ammonium Heptamolybdate ◽  
First Order ◽  
Methanation Reaction ◽  
Improved Performance

The methanation reaction on MoS2 exfoliated to a thickness of a few layers or less and adsorbed onto alumina is found to be very small. However, by calcining and resulfiding the exfoliated MoS2 catalysts, greatly improved performance is achieved that is at least equal to the commercial catalysts based on ammonium heptamolybdate. The creation of molybdenum oxysulflde surface species therefore appears to be a necessary step toward producing significant methanation rates with exfoliated and supported MoS2. The methanation products are almost exclusively CO2 and CH4, their mole ratios near unity, with otherwise only very much smaller amounts of longer chain hydrocarbons. The activation energy for methanation is generally observed to be near 100 kJ/mol, with the overall reaction being first order in the carbon monoxide concentration and third order in the hydrogen concentration. In contrast to the transition-metal catalysts, no water could be detected in the reaction products of the molybdenum based catalyst. Keywords: methanation reaction on MoS2, exfoliated and supported MoS2 as catalyst.

Methane, Carbon Monoxide and Methylchloroform in the Southern Hemisphere

1986 ◽  
pp. 201-240
Author(s):  
P. J. Fraser ◽  
P. Hyson ◽  
R. A. Rasmussen ◽  
A. J. Crawford ◽  
M. A. K. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Methane Carbon

Etching Mechanisms of SiO2 and SiNx:H Thin Films in HF/Ethanol Vapor Phase: Toward High Selectivity Batch Release Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guillemin ◽  
P. Mumbauer ◽  
H. Radtke ◽  
M. Fimberger ◽  
S. Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Batch Release ◽  
Release Processes

THE CATALYTIC ACTION OF ALUMINUM SILICATES: III. THE CONVERSION OF 1,1-DIPHENYLETHANE TO STYRENE OVER MORDEN BENTONITE

1948 ◽  
Vol 26b (8) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. V. Nicholls ◽  
Maurice Morton
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Hydrogenation Product ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Phase Conversion ◽  
Vapor Velocity ◽  
Styrene Content

Optimum conditions for the vapor phase conversion of 1,1-diphenylethane to styrene and benzene over activated Morden bentonite have been found to be a temperature of 600 °C., rapid feed rates, and the use of water vapor as diluent. Ethylbenzene has been found in the reaction products as a hydrogenation product. Styrene content has been found to be dependent directly upon vapor velocity while the conversion efficiency was found to be related directly to the use of water vapor as an inhibitor of carbon deposition on the catalyst.

SELECTIVE DETERMINATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE BY SINGLE METAL OXIDE SENSOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Kristina L. Chegereva ◽  
Alexey V. Shaposhnik ◽  
Alexey A. Zvyagin ◽  
Pavel V. Moskalev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Temperature Modulation ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Chemisorbed Oxygen ◽  
Kinetics Of

Semiconductor sensors are often used to solve an important practical problem – the determination of the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air. Their disadvantage is the low selectivity, which can lead to false alarm when other reducing gases such as ammonia or ethanol vapor appear in the air. To increase the selectivity, we used pulsed temperature modulation in combination with a special composition of the gas sensitive layer of the sensor. The use of pulse temperature modulation has revealed the features of the analyte associated with the sorption kinetics at the surface of the sensor, with the kinetics of the chemical interaction between reductant analytes and chemisorbed oxygen, and the kinetics of desorption of chemical interaction products. However, information on the qualitative composition of the medium is contained in the experimental data in an implicit form, because the qualitative analysis procedure with the use of low selectivity sensors has so far remained undeveloped. In this paper, we proposed a qualitative analysis method based on the power-law regression model that relates the concentration of analyte gas to the electrical resistance of the sensor at various times during the measurement cycle. The experimental procedure shown in our work leads to an increase in the sensitivity of the quantitative analysis by one or two orders of magnitude depending on the concentration of carbon monoxide.

In-situ-produced methane and methane/carbon monoxide mixtures for return propulsion from Mars

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Sullivan ◽  
Diane Linne ◽  
Lee Bryant ◽  
Kriss Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Methane Carbon
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