EXCESS VOLUMES, VAPOR PRESSURES, AND RELATED THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE SYSTEM ACETONE–CHLOROFORM–BENZENE, AND ITS COMPONENT BINARY SYSTEMS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
R. M. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Excess Entropy ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Heat Of Mixing ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Heats Of Mixing ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

The volume changes on mixing of the three binary mixtures, acetone–chloroform, benzene–chloroform, acetone–benzene, and the ternary mixture, acetone–chloroform–benzene, and their molar refractivities and viscosities, were determined.Determinations of total and partial vapor pressures were made. The systems acetone–chloroform and benzene–chloroform show negative deviations from Raoult's law. The system acetone–benzene shows positive deviations.The excess Gibbs free energies of mixing have been calculated for all systems. By combining these data with previously measured heats of mixing (1), the excess entropy has also been calculated. The curves representing zero excess volume, zero heat of mixing, zero excess free energy of mixing, and zero excess viscosity as functions of composition in the ternary system do not coincide. It, therefore, must be concluded that they result from compensating effects and do not represent ideality.

The rubidium chloride – sodium chloride phase diagram

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (22) ◽  
pp. 3483-3486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Pelton ◽  
S. N. Flengas
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Excess Entropy ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Thermochemical Data ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Molar Excess ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

The phase diagram of the RbCl–NaCl system has been measured by the method of cooling curves. By combining these data with available thermochemical data for the system, the integral molar excess free energy of mixing at 800 °C has been calculated as ΔGE = −632XRbClXNaCl cal/mole; and the integral molar excess entropy of mixing has been calculated as ΔSE = −0.208XRbClXNaCl cal/°K mole. Estimated precisions are ±50 cal for ΔGE and ±0.05 cal/°K mole for ΔSE at XRbCl = XNaCl = 0.5.

Excess free energies of mixing at temperatures below 25°. Isopiestic measurements on the systems H2O-NaCl-Na2SO4 and H2O-NaCl-MgSO4

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Childs ◽  
RF Platford
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Experimental Uncertainty ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Isopiestic Measurements ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

Isopiestic vapour pressure measurements have been made on the systems H2O-NaCl-Na2SO4 and H2O-NaCl-MgSO4 at 15� and 0�. Excess free energies of mixing the aqueous salts hare been calculated for various ionic strengths, and the results have been compared with those previously obtained at 25�. ��� Within experimental uncertainty the excess free energies of mixing of aqueous NaCl with aqueous Na2SO4 are the same at 0�, 15�, and 25�. However, the excess free energy of mixing aqueous NaCl with aqueous MgSO4 shows differences which may be just larger than experimental uncertainty over the same temperature range.

Volume Changes on Mixing. II. Systems Containing Acetone, Acetonitrile, and Nitromethane

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Brown ◽  
F Smith
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Excess Entropy ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Polar Components ◽  
Entropy Changes ◽  
Heats Of Mixing ◽  
Equilibrium Data

The volume changes on mixing have been measured at 25, 35, and 45 �C for the following binary systems : acetone+acetonitrile, acetone+nitromethane, acetonitrile+nitromethane and each of these polar components with benzene and with carbon tetrachloride.The sign and concentration dependence of the volume changes on mixing of these systems follow closely the excess entropy changes on mixing calculated from the liquid-vapour equilibrium data and heats of mixing previously measured in these laboratories.

Activity Measurement of Liquid Sn-Ag-Bi Alloys by Fused Salt EMF Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwao Katayama ◽  
Toshihiro Tanaka ◽  
Shin-ichi Akai ◽  
Kisao Yamazaki ◽  
Takamichi Iida
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Duhem Equation ◽  
Fused Salts ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Small Positive Deviation

Activity of tin in liquid Sn-Ag-Bi alloys was derived by EMF measurement of galvanic cell with fused salts electrolyte in the temperature range of 700 to 900K in the whole composition range. Activity of tin at 900K shows very small positive deviation from Raoult’s low for Sn-Bi alloys. Activity of ternary alloys was measured along three pseudo binary systems of Sn-(Ag,Bi) (where xAg/xBi =1/3,1/1 and 3/1). Its concentration dependence is very complex. From the iso-activity curves in the ternary system excess free energy of mixing is derived using Darken’s method for Gibbs-Duhem equation

Liquid-Vapour Equilibria. X. The Systems Acetone+Nitromethane and Acetone+Acetonitrile at 45°C

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Brown ◽  
F Smith
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Virial Coefficient ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
A Value ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

Liquid-vapour equilibrium data are given for the systems acetone+nitromethane and acetone+acetonitrile at 45.00 �C. The data are used to calculate the excess free energy of mixing for these systems. The former system has a negative value of the excess free energy of mixing and shows a change in sign of the deviation of the activity of nitromethane from the Raoults law value at a mole fraction of acetone of 0.36. A value of the virial coefficient β12 in the equation of state of the mixed vapours was estimated from the equilibrium data for this system. The excess free energy of mixing for the system acetone+acetonitrile is zero within the experimental error over the whole concentration range. The Stockmayer potential was used to calculate values of β12, for the binary systems formed from acetone, nitromethane, and acetonitrile. For the system acetone+nitromethane the value estimated from our data is more negative than the value calculated using the Stockmayer potential, indicating a specific interaction, possibly hydrogen bonding, between the acetone and nitromethane molecules.

Higher Order Conditional Probabilities and Thermodynamics of Binary Molten Alloys

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Akinlade
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cluster Model ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Equiatomic Composition ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

The recently introduced four atom cluster model is used to obtain higher order conditional probabilities that describe the atomic correlations in some molten binary alloys. Although the excess free energy of mixing for all the systems studied are almost symmetrical about the equiatomic composition, most other thermodynamic quantities are not and thus, the study enables us to explain the subtle differences in their physical characteristics required to describe the mechanism of the observed strong heterocoordination in Au–Zn or homocoordination in Cu–Ni within the same framework. More importantly, we obtain all calculated quantities for the whole concentration range thus complimenting experimental evidence.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic, structural, transport and surface properties of Pb-Tl liquid alloy

BIBECHANA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Yadav ◽  
LN Jha ◽  
D Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Heat Of Formation ◽  
Concentration Fluctuation ◽  
Heat Of Mixing ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Wavelength Limit ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Experimental Values

Thermodynamic properties, such as free energy of mixing, heat of mixing, entropy of mixing, activities and the microscopic structural properties, such as concentration fluctuation in long-wavelength limit and chemical short-range order parameter of Pb-Tl liquid alloy at 773 K have been studied on the basis of regular associated solution model. We have estimated the mole fractions of the complex and the unassociated atoms assuming the existence of  complex as energetically favoured in the liquid state. The compositional contributions of the heat of mixing of the species Pb and Tl and the heat of formation of the compound to the net enthalpy change have also been studied. The transport properties such as, viscosity and the ratio of mutual and intrinsic coefficients have been studied using different approaches. The surface concentration of Tl atoms has been computed and it has been employed to calculate the surface tension of Pb-Tl liquid alloy. Both the theoretical and the experimental values of the concentration fluctuation in long-wavelength limit are found to be less than the ideal value, revealing that the concerned system is hetero-coordinating in nature. The interaction energies are found to be temperature dependent and respective alloy is found to be weakly interacting system. BIBECHANA 13 (2016) 100-113

Calculation on the Free Energy of Mixing of some Silane Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
Ru Zhang ◽  
Yan Fen Wu ◽  
Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Wilson Model ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

Six binary silane systems were chosen to calculate the activity coefficients (γ) and free energies of mixing (ΔGm). These systems included: methyldichlorosilane + methyltrichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane + methylvinyldichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane + toluene, methyltrichlorosilane + methylvinyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane + toluene, methylvinyldichlorosilane + toluene. Based on the Antoine constants, critical parameters of the pure components and Wilson model parameters, γ and ΔGmwere calculated. The influence factors of these thermodynamic properties were also discussed.

scholarly journals Theoretical investigations on temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties and concentration fluctuations of In-Tl binary liquid alloys by optimization method

BIBECHANA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
G K Shrestha ◽  
I S Jha ◽  
B K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Concentration Fluctuations ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Best Fit

The thermodynamic properties, i.e. free energy of mixing (GM), heat of mixing (HM), entropy of mixing (SM) and activity (ai) of the component i (i , and structural property i.e. concentration fluctuations in long wave-length limit [Scc(0)] of In-Tl binary liquid alloy at a specified temperature have been investigated in the framework of quasi-lattice model on assuming the coupled effect of size ratio and entropic (or energetic) as well as enthalpic effect. These properties of In-Tl liquid alloy at 723 K have been computed theoretically by estimating the best fit value of order energy parameter (W) and size ratio () over the entire range of concentration in order to match their experimental values. The best fit value of  W at 723 K has been used to determine the values of W at different temperatures with the help of temperature derivative of W which are then used for the optimization procedure in order to calculate the corresponding values of excess free energy of mixing, partial excess free energy of mixing and activity of the components involved in the alloy at different temperatures. These parameters have been used to investigate the concentration fluctuations in long wavelength limit {Scc(0)} of In-Tl binary liquid alloy at different temperatures over the entire range of concentration which have been used to predict the various other structural properties like excess stability function (EXS), diffusion coefficient ratio (Dm/Did), short range order parameter (α1) at different temperatures.BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 11-23

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