Rearrangement studies with 14C. XLII. The solvolysis of triphenylvinyl-2-14C bromide in aqueous acetic acid and in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (18) ◽  
pp. 2459-2466
Author(s):  
Choi Chuck Lee ◽  
Eric C. F. Ko
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mechanistic Explanations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Return Process

Solvolytic studies with triphenylvinyl-2-14C bromide (l-Br-2-14C) in HOAc–H2O and in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) containing 2,6-lutidine were carried out under a variety of conditions. Scramblings of the label from C-2 to C-l in the reaction product and in the unconsumed reactant were determined. For solvolyses in HOAc–H2O, scrambling was observed in the product, but not in the recovered reactant. The extent of scrambling was higher when the proportion of H2O in the solvent was lower. With a given solvent composition, the amount of scrambling did not change with reaction time, the average extents of scrambling being 9.6,12.7, 15.3, 16.7, and 18.4%, respectively, for solvolysis in 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% HOAc. With 70% HOAc, the presence of about 3 equiv. of NaOAc or NaBr did not influence the extent of scrambling. For the reactions in TFE, there was scrambling in both the reaction product and the recovered reactant, indicating the occurrence of a return process, The presence of added Et4NBr did not affect the extent of scrambling, suggesting that the 1,2-phenyl shift occurred in the ion-pair stage and the return is, therefore, an ion-pair return. The amount of scrambling in the product and in the recovered reactant increased with increasing reaction time, but for a given reaction time, the extents of scrambling in the product and in the recovered reactant were the same. The mean values for the scrambling of the label from C-2 to C-l in the product and the recovered reactant, after a reaction time of 1, 2, 4, and 20 days at 150 °C, were 20.1, 30.0,40.0, and 44.1%, respectively. Mechanistic explanations for both reactions in HOAc-H2O and in TFE are discussed.

Titrimetric Determination of Iodine-Bromine Numbers of Some Edible Oils Using Three N-Chloroimides

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
Narayanan Jayasree ◽  
Parameswaran Indrasenan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Medium ◽  
Back Titration ◽  
Titrimetric Determination

Abstract Three simple titrimetric methods have been developed to determine iodine-bromine numbers of some edible oils, such as coconut, gingelly, groundnut, mustard, olive, palm olein, and sunflower, using 3 N-chloroimides. The 3 N-chloroimides are N-chlorophthalimide, N-chlorosuccinimide, and N-chlorosaccharin, all of which have recently been developed as potential oxidimetric titrants for use in aqueous acetic acid medium. The proposed excess back-titration methods have advantages over existing methods in terms of ease of extraction into aqueous acetic acid layer, shorter reaction time of NCSA method, and stability of N-chloroimides in solid state.

scholarly journals Mechanism of the Oxidation of Methyl n-Propyl Ketone by Manganese (III) Sulphate

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Banerji ◽  
P. Nath ◽  
G. V. Bakore
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Keto Form ◽  
First Order ◽  
Propyl Ketone

The oxidation of methyl n-propyl ketone by Mn (III) sulphate in aqueous acetic acid is first order with respect to the ketone and Mn (III). The rate independent of acidity and solvent composition. Added Mn (II) does not alter the rate. The activation parameters for the oxidation and enolisation reactions were evaluated. The oxidation is faster than the enolisation under similar conditions. A mechanism involving an attack on the keto-form by Mn (III) sulphate complex is proposed.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Formic Acid, Acetic Acid, and Ammonia in Newly Constructed Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Norimichi Suzuki ◽  
Hiroko Nakaoka ◽  
Akifumi Eguchi ◽  
Masamichi Hanazato ◽  
Yoshitake Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
The Mean

Herein, the concentrations of formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia in samples of indoor air for 47 new houses were measured two weeks after completion. The houses were fabricated with light-gauge steel structures. The measurements were performed in living rooms and bedrooms without furniture and outdoors. Air samples were analyzed using ion chromatography. The mean values were 28 (living room), 30 (bedroom), and 20 μg m−3 (outdoor air) for formic acid; 166 (living room), 151 (bedroom), and 51 μg m−3 (outdoor air) for acetic acid; and 73 (living room), 76 (bedroom), and 21 μg m−3 (outdoor air) for ammonia. The total values of the three substances accounted for 39.4–40.7% of the sum of chemical compound values. The analyzed compounds were indicated by two principal components (PC), PC1 (30.1%) and PC2 (9%), with 39.1% total variance. Formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia were positively aligned with PC1 and negatively aligned with PC2. Factors such as room temperature, aldehydes, and phthalates were positively aligned with PC1 and negatively aligned with PC2. Furthermore, concentrations of formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia were significantly and positively correlated with room temperature (p < 0.05).

Aluminium, extractable from soil samples by the acid ammonium acetate soil-testing method

1968 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Osmo Mäkitie
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Solution ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
The Mean

The extractant, 0.5 M acetic acid –0.5 M ammonium acetate at pH 4.65, which is used in soil-testing, extracts relatively high amounts of aluminium from acid soils. The mean values of acetate-extractable aluminium at pH 4.65, 1.75 meq Al/100 g of soil, and of exchangeable aluminium (M KCI extraction), 0.41 meq Al were obtained from a material of 30 samples of acid soils (Table 2). Several other acetic acid ammonium acetate extractants, from M acetic acid to M ammonium acetate solution were also used for studying the extractability of soil aluminium. The soil-testing extractant can be used for the estimation of the soluble amounts of aluminium in acid soils, however, further studies are needed for a better interpretation of the ammonium acetate extractable (at pH 4.65) aluminium in our soils.

Determination of Urine Dopamine

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Bischoff ◽  
Adolfo Torres
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cirrhosis Of The Liver ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Urinary Dopamine ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The Duliere and Raper conversion of dopamine to 5,6-hydroxyindole is applied to urinary dopamine, which is concentrated and recovered by adsorption (pH 8.5-9.0) on and elution with dilute acetic acid from alumina. The spectrofluorometric readings are made at pH 5.3, with activation and fluorescence at 320 and 375 mµ, respectively. Proportionality between high and low internal standards is achieved when the 5,6-hydroxyindole reaction proceeds for 20 hours at room temperature. The increase of fluorescence with time adds specificity to the test. The recovery of standards added before adsorption on alumina compared with standards added after elution was 98 per cent. Urinary dopamine was determined in normal individuals asleep and awake and in those with a number of pathologic conditions. The mean values were decreased in groups with Parkinsonism, diabetes, and cirrhosis of the liver. The study included 2 patients with pheochromocytoma.

The evaluation of cattle foods and diets in terms of the ruminal concentration of volatile fatty acids I. The effects of level of intake, frequency of feeding, the ratio of hay to concentrates in the diet, and of supplementary feeds

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Bath ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Range Of Values

1. A study was made of the effects of feeding regimen and the composition of the diet on the ruminal production of V.f.a.'S in cattle.2. The day-to-day variations in the pattern of rumen fermentation in cows given a diet of hay and concentrates indicated that within-cow differences in the molar proportions of the acids from diet to diet are of significance if they exceed about 3% (of the mean value) for acetic acid, about 10% for propionic and butyric acids, and about 25% for valeric acid. The results emphasized also the important differences to be found between cows given the same diet.3. A change in the frequency of feeding from once to four times daily at a constant daily drymatter intake had little effect on the daily mean values for pH, concentration of total V.f.a.'S, or the molar percentages of the individual acids, but almost invariably decreased the range of values observed between feeding.4. With diets of hay and of hay and concentrates an increase in daily dry-matter intake was associated with a fall in pH and an increase in the concentration of total V.f.a.'S; with the diet of hay and concentrates there was a considerable decrease in the molar percentage of acetic acid and a corresponding increase in N-butyric, but there was little change in the molar percentages of the acids with the diet of hay.

Seasonal Influence on Sexual Behaviour of Jaffrabadi Buffalo Bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
K H Parmar ◽  
A J Dhami ◽  
F S Kavani ◽  
G B Solanki ◽  
K S Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fortnightly Interval

The study was carried out on four mature Jaffrabadi breeding bulls (4–6 years old) maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm, JAU, Junagadh for a period of 8 months during winter and summer. The seasonal and bull variations in sexual behavior traits were studied. A total of 64 observations (32 per season, 8 per bull) were availed at the fortnightly interval. The mean values/ scores for temperament (0–5 scale), libido (0–9 scale), penile erection (0–4 scale), protrusion (0–4 scale), intensity of thrust (0–4 scale), reaction time (sec) and Flehmen reaction (0, 1) during winter season were 1.28 ± 0.08, 6.75 ± 0.19, 3.22 ± 0.74, 2.88 ± 0.59, 3.15 ± 0.65, 125.00 ± 6.92 and 0.91 ± 0.43, respectively, while the respective values in summer season were 2.22 ± 0.07, 5.93 ± 0.43, 2.84 ± 0.65, 2.75 ± 0.59, 2.93 ± 0.13, 143.5 ± 7.07 and 0.88 ± 0.06. There were significant differences among seasons for temperament, libido and penile erection score of Jaffrabadi bulls. Significant differences among bulls were also found for libido score, the intensity of thrust and reaction time in the winter season, and for ejaculatory thrust in the summer season. All these traits were highly significantly and positively interrelated (r = 0.353 to 0.512), except Flehmen reaction and reaction time which were negatively correlated with all other behavioral traits (r = –340 to –0.499). Summer in general significantly exerted an adverse effect on the sexual behavior of Jaffrabadi bulls, and winter was the favored season. It could be concluded from the study that the Jaffrabadi bulls had good sexual behavior scores throughout both the seasons, however, bulls showed better sexual behavior during winter as compared to summer.

Rearrangement studies with 14C. XLIV. Ion-pairs and dissociated ions in the solvolysis of triphenyl[2-14C]vinyl and trianisyl[2-14C]vinyl bromides in 70% acetic acid – 30% water

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (22) ◽  
pp. 2369-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choi Chuck Lee ◽  
Eric C. F. Ko ◽  
Zvi Rappoport
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Data ◽  
Vinyl Bromide ◽  
Ion Competition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean

In the solvolysis of triphenyl[2-14C]vinyl bromide (1-Br-2-14C) in 70% HOAc – 30% H2O, the presence of up to 30 equiv. of added NaOAc or 25 equiv. of added Et4NBr did not significantly change the extent of scrambling of the label from C-2 to C-1 in the reaction product. The mean scrambling value observed for 1-Br-2-14C under a variety of conditions was 14.7 ± 0.7%. On the other hand, in the similar solvolysis of trianisyl[2-14C]vinyl bromide (2-Br-2-14C), the extent of scrambling in the product was found to decrease with increasing amounts of added NaOAc. The observed scramblings varied from a mean of 27.7% to 5.7%, respectively, for reactions without and with 10 M added NaOAc. With 1-Br-2-14C, the possibility is considered that ionization proceeds only to an ion-pair in which the scrambling via 1,2-phenyl shift is not affected by the presence of added OAc−. In the case of 2-Br-2-14C, further dissociation to the free trianisylvinyl cation took place and in the dissociated ion, competition between the scrambling process and capture reactions with all the nucleophiles present resulted in a decrease in the extent of scrambling with the presence of the more nucleophilic OAc−. Using the extents of scrambling as well as product data, various ratios including kSOH/kr, kOAc/kr, [Formula: see text], and kOAc/kHOAc, are evaluated.

scholarly journals Measurement of Uptake by using Image based Bio-distribution of 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-DMSA for Kidney, Liver and Spl

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Md Sayful Islam ◽  
Suranjan Kumar Das ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed Biman
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dmsa Scan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Kidney Liver

Measurement of uptake by using the image based bio-distribution of 99mTc-DMSA (Dimercapto succinic acid) and 99mTc-DTPA (Diethylene triaminepenta acetic acid) in Kidney, Spleen and Liver with frame to frame analysis has been evidenced as the simplified way than the existing computer program based methodology, like MIRD and others. In this study, 100 patients were included in each scan. For 99mTc-DTPA scan, the mean uptake percentage for Kidney was 84.06% and that for Spleen was 7.80% and for Liver was 8.13% in which 66 patients were male and 34 were female age ranging from 3 (three) months to 70 (seventy) years. On the other hand,99mTc-DMSA scan was executed for 60 (sixty) male and 40 (forty) female patients; the mean values of uptake percentage for Kidney, Spleen and Liver were 87.40%, 5.99% and6.60% respectively. It was manifested that the uptake percentages of radiopharmaceuticals were the highest in kidney for youngers whereas those values in other organs were lower than adults.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 1, 105-114, 2017

Titrimetric Determination of Iodine-Bromine Numbers of Some Edible Oils Using Three N-Chloroimides

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
Narayanan Jayasree ◽  
Parameswaran Indrasenan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Medium ◽  
Back Titration ◽  
Titrimetric Determination

Abstract Three simple titrimetric methods have been developed to determine iodine-bromine numbers of some edible oils, such as coconut, gingelly, groundnut, mustard, olive, palm olein, and sunflower, using 3 N-chloroimides. The 3 N-chloroimides are N-chlorophthalimide, N-chlorosuccinimide, and N-chlorosaccharin, all of which have recently been developed as potential oxidimetric titrants for use in aqueous acetic acid medium. The proposed excess back-titration methods have advantages over existing methods in terms of ease of extraction into aqueous acetic acid layer, shorter reaction time of NCSA method, and stability of N-chloroimides in solid state.

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