Ochrobactrum tritici strain 5bvl1 — characterization of a Cr(VI)-resistant and Cr(VI)-reducing strain

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Branco ◽  
M Carmen Alpoim ◽  
Paula V Morais
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Ochrobactrum Tritici

Bacterial strain 5bvl1, isolated from a chromium-contaminated wastewater treatment plant and identified as Ochrobactrum tritici, was resistant to a broad range of antibiotics, to Cr(VI), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II), and was able to grow in the presence of 5% NaCl and within the pH range 4–10. Characterization showed that strain 5bvl1 could be considered a halotolerant and alkalitolerant microorganism resistant to high concentrations of Cr(VI). This strain was able to grow aerobically in up to 10 mmol·L–1 Cr(VI). Cr(VI) resistance was independent of sulphate concentration. Under aerobic conditions strain 5bvl1 was also able to reduce high Cr(VI) concentrations (up to 1.7 mmol·L–1). Increasing concentrations of Cr(VI) in the medium lowered the growth rate of strain 5bv11 but the reduction in growth rate could not be directly correlated with the amount of Cr(VI) reduced. Unlike the type strain, which was only able to reduce Cr(VI), strain 5bvl1 was resistant to Cr(VI) and able to reduce it. Moreover, in strain 5bvl1, the rate and extent of Cr(VI)-reduction were higher than in the other strains of the genus Ochrobactrum. Ochrobactrum strain 5bvl1 resists high Cr(VI) concentrations and has a high Cr(VI)-reducing ability, making it a valuable tool in bioremediation.Key words: Ochrobactrum, Cr(VI) resistance, Cr(VI)-reduction, heavy metal, bioremediation.

PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BENECKEA PARAHAEMOLYTICA: A PRELIMINARY REPORT1

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Baumann ◽  
Linda Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polar Flagellum ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
General Properties

Eighty-six strains which were isolated from cases of gastroenteritis and had the general properties of the genus Beneckea were submitted to an extensive nutritional, physiological, and morphological characterization. The results indicated that this collection of strains, which included the type strain of Beneckea parahaemolytica, was phenotypically homogeneous and distinguishable from the other known species of Beneckea by multiple, unrelated, phenotypic traits. When grown in liquid medium, strains of B. parahaemolytica had single, sheathed, polar flagella; when grown on solid medium, these strains had unsheathed, peritrichous flagella in addition to the sheathed, polar flagellum. Additional traits of use for differentiation of this species from the remaining species of the genus Beneckea were the ability of B. parahaemolytica to grow at 40 C, utilize d-galactose, l-leucine, l-histidine, and putrescine and the inability to utilize sucrose, dl-β-hydroxy-butyrate or give a positive Voges-Proskauer reaction. The validity of some of the traits previously used to identify B. parahaemolytica as well as the possible difficulties encountered in the identification of this organism from marine sources are considered.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF TRANSKETOLASE FROM PORK LIVER

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Optimum Activity ◽  
Pork Liver ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range

Transketolase of pork liver has been purified 90-fold and separated from ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase. The transketolase is most stable between pH 7.5 and 8.5 and below 40 °C. The pH range for optimum activity is between 7.6 and 8.1. Activation by magnesium ions or thiamine pyrophosphate could not be demonstrated, but thiamine pyrophosphate increased the stability of the enzyme. Sulphydryl agents, such as p-chloromercuriphenyl sulphonic acid and N-ethylmaleimide, and heavy metal ions, such as cupric, mercuric, and zinc, at relatively high concentrations inhibited the enzyme.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus cereus Phage vB_BceP-DLc1 Reveals the Largest Member of the Φ29-Like Phages

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750
Author(s):  
Chun Li ◽  
Xiaoming Yuan ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Shubo Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Dna Packaging ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Bacillus Phage ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ph Range

Bacillus phage φ29 and its relatives have been considered as one of the most important model organisms for DNA replication, transcription, morphogenesis, DNA packaging studies, and nanotechnology applications. Here, we isolated and characterized a new member of the φ29-like phage, named Bacillus cereus phage vB_BceP-DLc1. This phage, with a unique inserted gene cluster, has the largest genome among known φ29-like phages. DLc1 can use the surface carbohydrate structures of the host cell as receptors and only infects the most related B. cereus strains, showing high host-specificity. The adsorption rate constant and life cycle of DLc1 under experimental conditions were also determined. Not only stable under temperatures below 55 °C and pH range from 5 to 11, the new phage also showed tolerance to high concentrations of NaCl, 75% ethanol, chloroform, and mechanical vortex, which is preferable for practical use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF TRANSKETOLASE FROM PORK LIVER

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Optimum Activity ◽  
Pork Liver ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range

Transketolase of pork liver has been purified 90-fold and separated from ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase. The transketolase is most stable between pH 7.5 and 8.5 and below 40 °C. The pH range for optimum activity is between 7.6 and 8.1. Activation by magnesium ions or thiamine pyrophosphate could not be demonstrated, but thiamine pyrophosphate increased the stability of the enzyme. Sulphydryl agents, such as p-chloromercuriphenyl sulphonic acid and N-ethylmaleimide, and heavy metal ions, such as cupric, mercuric, and zinc, at relatively high concentrations inhibited the enzyme.

scholarly journals Characterization of phylogenetically distant members of the adenylate cyclase family from mycobacteria: Rv1647 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its orthologue ML1399 from M. leprae

2005 ◽  
Vol 387 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash R. SHENOY ◽  
Nandini P. SREENATH ◽  
Mohana MAHALINGAM ◽  
Sandhya S. VISWESWARIAH
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Expression And Purification ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv ◽  
High Concentrations

Analysis of the genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv has identified 16 genes that are similar to the mammalian adenylate and guanylate cyclases. Rv1647 was predicted to be an active adenylate cyclase but its position in a phylogenetically distant branch from the other enzymes characterized so far from M. tuberculosis makes it an interestingly divergent nucleotide cyclase to study. In agreement with its divergence at the sequence level from other nucleotide cyclases, the cloning, expression and purification of Rv1647 revealed differences in its biochemical properties from the previously characterized Rv1625c adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase activity of Rv1647 was activated by detergents but was resistant to high concentrations of salt. Mutations of substrate-specifying residues to those present in guanylate cyclases failed to convert the enzyme into a guanylate cyclase, and did not alter its oligomeric status. Orthologues of Rv1647 could be found in M. leprae, M. avium and M. smegmatis. The orthologue from M. leprae (ML1399) was cloned, and the protein was expressed, purified and shown biochemically to be an adenylate cyclase, thus representing the first adenylate cyclase to be described from M. leprae. Importantly, Western-blot analysis of subcellular fractions from M. tuberculosis and M. leprae revealed that the Rv1647 and ML1399 gene products respectively were expressed in these bacteria. Additionally, M. tuberculosis was also found to express the Rv1625c adenylate cyclase, suggesting that multiple adenylate cyclase proteins may be expressed simultaneously in this organism. These results suggest that class III cyclase-like gene products probably have an important role to play in the physiology and perhaps the pathology of these medically important bacteria.

CONCENTRATION OF Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN SEDIMENT OF GRESIK WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lestari Lestari ◽  
Fitri Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

Gresik coastal waters is one of the areas that have a potential risk for environmental damage due to anthropogenic activities. Water and sediment samples were collected to determin  metals concentration and to identify sediment quality in February 2012. Twelve samples were collected for analysis of mercury (Hg) and four other metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). Mercury was analyzed using USEPA method 7471B with Flameless-AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) varian type SpectarAA VGA 20-76 and the other metals were analyzed using USEPA 30050B with Flame-AAS. Results showed that ranges and average concentrations of Hg were 0.04-0.33 (0.13) mg/kg, Cd 0.08-3.05 (0.64) mg/kg, Cu 23.7-234.0 (85.5) mg/kg, Pb 1.74-12.7 (4.29) mg/kg, and Zn 77.0-405.0 (133.0) mg/kg. Metals with high concentrations were detected in some places and by SQG-Q, surface sediment showed a moderate impact level of biological adverse effects in aquatic sediments. Keywords: mercury, heavy metal, sediment, Gresik.

scholarly journals Characterization of rotavirus P genotypes circulating among paediatric inpatients in Northern Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana D’Arc P. MASCARENHAS ◽  
Rosa Helena P. GUSMÃO ◽  
Célia R. M. BARARDI ◽  
Fernanda L. PAIVA ◽  
Cláudia O. SIMÕES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gene 4 ◽  
Type Infection

Between November 1992 and August 1993, twenty-eight rotavirus-positive stool samples obtained from paediatric inpatients in Belém, Brazil, aged less than four years, were tested by RT-PCR to determine the P genotype specificities. With the exception of 7 non-diarrhoeic children, all patients were either diarrhoeic at admission or developed diarrhoea while in hospital. Rotavirus strains with the gene 4 alleles corresponding to P1B[4] and P1A[8] types (both of which bearing G2 specificity) predominated, accounting for 78.6% of the strains. While only one P2A[6] type strain - with (mixed) G1 and 4 type specificities - was detected, the gene 4 allele could not be identified in 4 (14.3%) of the strains. Most (81%) of the specimens were obtained from children during their first 18 months of life. Rotavirus strains bearing single P1B[4] type-specificity were identified in both diarrhoeic (either nosocomial, 28.6% or community-acquired diarrhoea, 28.6%) and non-diarrhoeic (42.8%) children. P1A[8] gene 4 allele, on the other hand, was detected only among diarrhoeic children, at rates of 57.1% and 42.9% for nosocomial- and- community acquired diarrhoea, respectively. Mixed P1A[8],1B[4] type infection was identified in only one case of community-acquired diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Characterization of Glycine SarcosineN-Methyltransferase and Sarcosine DimethylglycineN-Methyltransferase

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 2044-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Nyyssölä ◽  
Tapani Reinikainen ◽  
Matti Leisola
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
High Substrate ◽  
Ectothiorhodospira Halochloris ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT Glycine betaine is accumulated in cells living in high salt concentrations to balance the osmotic pressure. Glycine sarcosineN-methyltransferase (GSMT) and sarcosine dimethylglycineN-methyltransferase (SDMT) of Ectothiorhodospira halochloris catalyze the threefold methylation of glycine to betaine, with S-adenosylmethionine acting as the methyl group donor. These methyltransferases were expressed inEscherichia coli and purified, and some of their enzymatic properties were characterized. Both enzymes had high substrate specificities and pH optima near the physiological pH. No evidence of cofactors was found. The enzymes showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for their substrates. The apparent Km andV max values were determined for all substrates when the other substrate was present in saturating concentrations. Both enzymes were strongly inhibited by the reaction productS-adenosylhomocysteine. Betaine inhibited the methylation reactions only at high concentrations.

Confectionery industry: a case study on treatability-based effluent characterization and treatment system performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ozgun ◽  
N. Karagul ◽  
R. K. Dereli ◽  
M. E. Ersahin ◽  
T. Coskuner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Stream Segregation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Performance

Source-based wastewater characterization and stream segregation provide effective management of industrial wastewaters. The characterization of wastewater sources from a confectionery factory was presented and performance of the wastewater treatment plant was evaluated in this study. All of the wastewater sources in the factory, except the vacuum water line, can be characterized by high concentrations of soluble pollutants and low pH. High organic content of the wastewater generated from the confectionery industry promoted the application of anaerobic technology as a pre-treatment before the conventional aerobic treatment. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and biogas production for expanded granular sludge bed reactor were 88% and 1,730 Nm3/day, respectively. The effluent from the investigated facility can be used for irrigation provided that conductivity values are within acceptable limits.

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