scholarly journals Soil disturbance and 10-year growth response of coast Douglas-fir on nontilled and tilled skid trails in the Oregon Cascades

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Heninger ◽  
William Scott ◽  
Alex Dobkowski ◽  
Richard Miller ◽  
Harry Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Reduced Height

We (i) quantified effects of skidder yarding on soil properties and seedling growth in a portion of western Oregon, (ii) determined if tilling skid trails improved tree growth, and (iii) compared results with those from an earlier investigation in coastal Washington. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were hand planted at eight recent clearcuts in skid ruts in either nontilled or tilled trails, in adjacent soil berms, and in adjacent logged-only portions. Four and 5 years after skidding, rut depths averaged 15 cm below the original soil surface; mean fine-soil bulk density (0–30 cm depth) below ruts of nontilled trails exceeded that on logged-only portions by 14%. Height growth on nontilled trails averaged 24% less than on logged-only portions in year 4 after planting and decreased to 6% less in year 7. For years 8–10, mean height growth was similar for all treatments. Reduced height growth lasted for about 7 years compared with 2 years for coastal Washington. Ten years after planting, trees in skid-trail ruts averaged 10% shorter with 29% less volume than those on logged-only portions. Tillage improved height and volume growth to equal that on logged-only portions. Generalizations about negative effects of skid trails on tree growth have limited geographic scope.

Soil disturbance and juvenile Douglas-fir growth following stump removal on moderately coarse textured soils in southwestern British Columbia: 10-year results

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-774
Author(s):  
Stefan Zeglen ◽  
Paul J. Courtin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Root Diseases

Mechanized treatment for root diseases such as Coniferiporia sulphurascens (Pilát) L. W. Zhou & Y. C. Dai (syn. Phellinus sulphurascens Pilát) and Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink (syn. Armillaria solidipes Peck) is often avoided due to cost or the perception that removal of stumps creates detrimental soil disturbance or degradation that hinders site productivity. Our study tested five diseased stands that were treated by extracting stumps following harvesting and replanted with susceptible Douglas-fir. Soil disturbance surveys were conducted in treated and untreated plots, and individual planted spots were assessed and categorized for soil disturbance using existing and proposed new categories specific to disturbance caused by the stump removal. Tree measurements were taken at intervals over the first 10 years of stand development, and foliage was sampled for nutrient analysis. The percentage of total and counted disturbance was 20%–46% and 8%–11% greater, respectively, in treated versus untreated plots; however, mean tree growth in height and diameter was not statistically different between treatments and was more positive for treated plots at all sites but one. Tree nutrition and survival to age 10 was not negatively affected by stump removal. Total site productivity represented by basal area and tree volume differed widely between sites but was not significantly different between treatments.

Soil disturbance and five-year tree growth in a montane alternative silvicultural systems (MASS) trial

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Maynard ◽  
J P Senyk
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Abies Amabilis ◽  
Soil Rehabilitation ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Ground-based forestry practices can negatively affect soil productivity by altering the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. The effect of soil disturbance on soil properties and tree growth was evaluated following single-pass hydraulic excavator and multiple-pass combined excavator and flexible track grapple skidder forwarding in four silvicultural systems treatments: Clearcut (CC), Green Tree Retention (GT), Patch Cut (PC), and Uniform Shelterwood (SW). The effectiveness of an excavator soil-rehabilitation technique (tilling) in decompacting skidtrails (i.e., reducing soil bulk density) and nutrient availability was also evaluated. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and amabilis fir (Abies amabilis Dougl. Ex. Forbes) seedlings were planted on undisturbed plots, within tracks and between tracks of skidtrails, and in rehabilitated trails within the four harvesting treatments in the spring of 1994. Seedling growth was measured after five growing seasons, and nutrient concentrations of current-year foliage were determined at the end of the fourth growing season. Seedling survival and growth was generally reduced by soil disturbances associated with skid-trails. Effects of disturbance on physical properties of soil (e.g., compaction, puddling) and disruption of drainage were the most likely causes. Nutrient deficiencies do not appear to be a factor. Nonetheless, nitrogen concentrations were lower in current-year foliage taken from rehabilitation treatments than from either undisturbed or skidtrail treatments. Effectiveness of soil rehabilitation varied. In well-drained deeper soils, tilling reduced soil bulk density to levels below those of undisturbed soils and, in the short-term (five years), improved tree growth. In wetter conditions, rehabilitation treatment decreased survival and growth of both species. Thus specific rehabilitation (tilling) prescriptions should not be universally applied across a landscape. Key words: Abies amabilis, Tsuga heterophylla, foliar analysis, soil bulk density, soil compaction, soil rehabilitation

scholarly journals Laminated Root Rot and Fumigant Injection Affect Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
Walter G. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tree Survival

Abstract Laminated root rot caused by Phellinus weirii is a significant disease of western conifers; it is important to understand the effects of the disease on tree growth and survival and, for some management objectives, to develop treatments that will reduce those effects. This study was conducted in a 47-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand in northwest Oregon. First, we evaluated the effects of root system infection on diameter and height growth. Growth rates were lowest in trees with high infection levels; root infection level affected diameter growth more than height growth. Second, we evaluated the effects of fumigation treatments on tree growth. The nine treatments were as follows: three dosages of methylisothiocyanate (MITC), four dosages of chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane), one dosage of Vorlex [20% MITC, 80% chlorinated C3 hydrocarbons (v/v)], and a control. The fumigants were applied by inserting them into holes drilled into the base of live trees. After nine growing seasons, all three of the treatments applying different dosages of MITC and the treatment applying the lowest dosage of chloropicrin had higher tree survival rates than the untreated control, and the growth rates in those four fumigation treatments were not significantly different from growth in the surviving control trees.

VERTICAL GROWTH RESPONSE OF PONDEROSA PINE INFESTED BY WESTERN PINE SHOOT BORER, EUCOSMA SONOMANA KEARFOTT (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Thier ◽  
M.A. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Reduced Height

AbstractIncidence of the western pine shoot borer, Eucosma sonomana Kearfott, and tree growth measurements from 5687 ponderosa pines, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., were recorded in the Calf Pen plantation Payette National Forest, ID. The percentage of trees infested by shoot borer generally increased as tree height increased.Infestation of the tree’s leader usually resulted in reduced height growth especially where needle length was shortened in the leader. Height growth of infested leaders was less than uninfested leaders. This difference in height growth increased with the total height of the tree as measured in the previous year.

scholarly journals Effects of Root Pruning on Container-Grown Maple and Oak

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Donna Fare
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Similar Growth

Two experiments were conducted on container-grown plants that were actively growing in spring to evaluate the effects of root pruning prior to repotting or planting in a field plot. In experiment 1, severe root pruning significantly reduced height and trunk diameter growth for both ‘Summer Red’ maple (Acer rubrum L) and overcup oak (Quercus lyrata Walt.) after repotting into a larger container. Shoot and root dry weights were less with plants severely root pruned compared to plants that were not root pruned or had been lightly root pruned. Overcup oaks that received no root pruning or were lightly root pruned did not differ in height or trunk growth 24 weeks after study initiation. However, overcup oaks severely root pruned had brown foliage within 10 days of repotting and within 2 months had extensive dieback, which resulted in negative height growth by the end of the study. In experiment 2, ‘Autumn Flame’ red maple that received no root pruning had similar growth to plants that had light root pruning, but was greater than plants that received moderate or severe root pruning during the first growing season in the field. Autumn Flame red maples severely root pruned prior to field planting had 65% less height growth than plants receiving no root pruning during year 1. After four years, shoot and trunk diameter growth was similar among treatments. The number of circling roots at the soil surface decreased as the amount of root pruning increased.

scholarly journals Effect of Leader Clipping on Height Growth of Young Coastal Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Reduced Height

Abstract Leaders of 3- through 7-yr-old Douglas-fir seedlings were left unclipped or were clipped for 1 to 4 consecutive years. Terminal removal reduced height increment in a significantly linear fashion and was about 19 cm for each year clipped. All treatments had comparable height increment in the 4 yr after clipping, and the initial depressing effect on height was still present at age 23. Diameter increment was reduced but not significantly. West. J. Appl. For. 17(2):75–77

scholarly journals Growth of Young Douglas-Fir Plantations Across a Gradient in Swiss Needle Cast Severity

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
Alan Kanaskie ◽  
William Voelker ◽  
Randy Johnson ◽  
Greg Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Swiss Needle Cast

Abstract During the past decade, Swiss needle cast (SNC) damage has intensified in many Douglas-fir plantations in the Coast Range of Oregon, particularly along the immediate north coast. In plantations with severe symptoms, growth losses and reduced tree vigor are evident, but the magnitude of growth losses associated with varying intensities of damage is not known. A growth impact study was conducted in 1997 to quantify retrospectively the relationship between growth losses and visual symptoms in 10- to 30-yr-old Douglas-fir plantations in coastal northwestern Oregon, a population totaling 75,700 ha. A random sample of 70 Douglas-fir plantations was selected from the population and evaluated for Swiss needle cast severity. One 0.02 ha plot was destructively sampled in each plantation to reconstruct past height and basal area growth trends and to characterize foliage loss and distribution. The SNC “effect” was assessed by comparing growth of plantations with varying degrees of Swiss needle cast to growth of those that retained maximal amounts of foliage, after correcting for initial stand density, Douglas-fir growing stock, age, and site index. Of numerous possible SNC indices, mean needle retention (yr) explained the largest amount of variation in both basal area and top height growth. Prior to 1990, top height growth was similar across all plantations after correcting for site quality and plantation age; but, by 1992, top height growth losses appeared and were proportional to apparent foliage losses. In 1996, top height growth was reduced by up to 25% relative to plantations with little or no SNC. Basal area growth reductions began to appear around 1990, and in 1996 basal area growth of the most heavily damaged plantations was 35% less than the growth that would be expected in absence of SNC damage. The inferred volume growth loss for 1996 averaged 23% for the 75,700 ha target population, but this loss averaged as high as 52% for the most severely impacted plantations. West. J. Appl. For. 17(2):86ߝ95.

scholarly journals Tillage is Necessary in Re-establishing Peach Orchards

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
J. Kotcon ◽  
W.V. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Peach Trees

Three soil management treatments (cultivation, herbicide, and killed sod) were established in the drive middle of a 10-year-old apple orchard removed the year prior to planting peaches. The cultivation and herbicide treatments used preplant tillage, leaving a bare soil surface, whereas the killed-sod system was untilled. Peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch) were planted, and growth, yield, and soil bulk density were measured after 3 years. There were no differences in tree growth or yield for the three treatments These results were contrary to published reports that the killed-sod system increased early tree growth. The lack of growth response in the killed-sod system was attributed to the high soil bulk density remaining from the previous orchard. We concluded that truck and tractor traffic in the drive middle causes severe soil compaction, which may limit root development. The soil compaction can only be moderated by tillage.

Changes in mitotic index during onset of dormancy in Douglas-fir seedlings

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Carlson ◽  
W. D. Binder ◽  
C. O. Feenan ◽  
C. L. Preisig
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Terminal Buds

A method is presented for rapid determination of the mitotic index in terminal buds of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Fertilization at planting increased mitotic index but fertilized seedlings entered dormancy at the same time as unfertilized seedlings. Cold storage, prior to dormancy, reduced mitotic index rapidly and was related to reduced height growth the following year. The effects of moderate moisture stress and seed source on mitotic index were slight.

Effects of Soil Compaction on Height Growth of a California Ponderosa Pine Plantation

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Helms ◽  
C. Hipkin ◽  
E. B. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Height Growth

Abstract An analysis was made of the extent to which observed variability in plantation height growth could be explained by variability in soil surface characteristics that are modified by harvesting and site preparation activities. The study was done in a 16-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) plantation in the Sierra Nevada of California. Annual height growth of all 423 trees within a 0.48 ha area was measured together with soil bulk density, A-Horizon thickness, and shrub competition. Soil organic carbon and mineralizeable nitrogen were measured on a subsample of 72 trees. Trees in areas of highest bulk density grew 43% less at age 1 and 13% less at age 15 than those in areas of lowest bulk density. Annual shoot growth was markedly reduced for 4 consecutive years following 2 years of below-normal precipitation, especially in trees growing in soils of lowest bulk density. Bulk density, A-Horizon thickness, and shrub cover accounted for only 13 to 23% of variability in height growth of the 423-tree sample. These same variables, plus organic carbon and mineralizeable nitrogen, accounted for 31% of variability in height growth of the 72-tree sample. West. J. Appl. For. 1:104-108, Oct. 1986.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document