Assessment of biomass functions for calculating bark proportions and ash contents of refined biomass fuels derived from major boreal tree species

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn A. Lestander ◽  
Anders Lundström ◽  
Michael Finell
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Current Limit ◽  
Forest Survey ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh ◽  
Biomass Functions

Knowledge of the components of above-ground biomass of low-quality stems harvested to produce biofuel pellets is important, since bark has higher ash contents (a key quality parameter for the pellets) than wood. Therefore, single-tree biomass functions by Marklund (1988. Rep. 45. Department of Forest Survey, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden.) were evaluated using a sample population of 1612 Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce ( Pices abies (L.) Karst.), and birch ( Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) trees and three methods to model bark proportions. Bark percentages calculated subtractively using functions for stem biomass over and under bark showed anomalous patterns, especially for pine and birch. However, additive use of biomass functions for bark biomass and stem biomass under bark resulted in similar patterns to bark percentages traditionally calculated from bark biomass and stem biomass over bark. Published ash contents of bark and stemwood indicate that pine, birch, and spruce stems with breast height (1.3 m) diameters of 4–40, 4–30, and >19 cm, respectively, have <0.7% ash contents (the current limit for the highest quality fuel pellets). However, if the highest recorded ash contents are used, only pine stems meet this criterion. Thus, material of different species and stem dimensions may need to be carefully mixed when whole-stem biomass is used as feedstock for pelletizing.

scholarly journals Effects of Predicted Reduced Summer Rainfall on Growth and Development of Silver Birch (Betula Pendula Roth) and Downy Birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Dhirendar Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Christine Cahalan ◽  
Sunita Ulak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Downy Birch ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

Climate is one of the major factors that govern the distribution of tree species. Climate change has already affected the growth, structure and distribution of trees and woodlands. Global climate change projections are wetter winters, drier summers and significance changes in temperature regimes in the next few decades. The main objective of this study was to experimentally demonstrate the effects of decline in summer rainfall, as predicted by UKCP09/IPCC, on height and diameter growth in two co-occurring silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh) and provide further understanding of the changes in growth and development in response to a decrease in water availability. One-year-old seedlings were grown in a temperature-controlled greenhouse for eight weeks in a split-plot experimental design. Their height and diameter were measured and analyzed. Result showed that plant height and diameter was significantly reduced with increased water stress. B. pendula showed higher physiological traits indicating that this species can perform better than B. pubescensin water-deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Silviculture of birch (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in northern Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hynynen ◽  
P. Niemisto ◽  
A. Vihera-Aarnio ◽  
A. Brunner ◽  
S. Hein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

scholarly journals Brzoza w lecznictwie ludowym

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
ROBERT GRUSZECKI ◽  
IZABELA NIKOŃCZUK ◽  
GRAŻYNA ZAWIŚLAK ◽  
MAGDALENA WALASEK-JANUSZ
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

Surowce zielarskie brzozy są łatwo dostępne ze względu na powszechne jej występowanie. Roślina ta dostarcza wielu różnych surowców stosowanych zarówno w ziołolecznictwie ludowym, jak i we współczesnej fitoterapii. W tradycyjnych społecznościach surowce te wykorzystywano jednak w znacznie szerszym zakresie. Celem pracy było przedstawienie wykorzystania surowców zielarskich z brzozy w lecznictwie tradycyjnym jako podstawy do dalszych badań nad właściwościami leczniczymi tej rośliny. W pracy analizowano wykorzystanie dwu gatunków: brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth.) i brzozy omszonej (Betula pubescens Ehrh.), gdyż to z nich najczęściej pozyskuje się surowce zielarskie w Polsce. Surowce te w tradycyjnej medycynie ludowej wielu krajów świata stosowano w stanie świeżym i wysuszonym, w formie naparów, wywarów, ekstraktów alkoholowych i wodnych. W tradycyjnych społecznościach surowce brzozy znalazły zastosowanie w leczeniu bardzo wielu schorzeń, spośród których najczęściej wymieniano choroby układu moczowego, reumatyzm, schorzenia dermatologiczne, kardiologiczne, choroby przewodu pokarmowego, osłabienia, przeziębienia. Surowce te wykorzystywano nawet w leczeniu chorób zakaźnych (czerwonka, tyfus, gruźlica) i nowotworowych.

Development of a Technique for Obtaining Polysaccharides from Leaves of the Birch (Betula pendula Roth. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1310-1316
Author(s):  
K. I. Rovkina ◽  
S. V. Krivoshchekov ◽  
A. M. Guriev ◽  
M. S. Yusubov ◽  
M. V. Belousov
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

Effect of application time on the efficacy of Chondrostereum purpureum treatment against the sprouting of birch in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henna Vartiamäki ◽  
Jarkko Hantula ◽  
Antti Uotila
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Decay Fungus ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

To test the effect of application time on the efficacy of a biological control agent to prevent sprouting of cut stumps, birches ( Betula pendula Roth. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were cut and stumps treated with a decay fungus ( Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar) at different times during one growing season. Applications were conducted at 2 week intervals. The presence of fruiting bodies was examined three times during the 2 years following treatment. Sprouting was measured twice. Fructification was most abundant 1 year after the treatment, and the frequency of stumps with fruiting bodies was highest when the stumps were treated between May and July. Treatment reduced the percentage of living stumps compared with controls, except if conducted in late autumn. The reduction was the highest on stumps treated in the middle of July; 2 years after the treatment, only 12.5% of treated stumps were resprouting compared with 74% of control stumps. Also, the number of living sprouts per stump decreased by the treatment, except if conducted in late autumn. Although the number of living sprouts per stump decreased owing to C. purpureum treatment, it had no effect on the maximum height of the sprouts.

scholarly journals Novel Post-Glacial Haplotype Evolution in Birch—A Case for Conserving Local Adaptation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Samuel Belton ◽  
Philippe Cubry ◽  
Erica Fox ◽  
Colin T. Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Cpdna Markers ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh ◽  
Simple Sequence

Despite constituting the western-most edge of the population distributions for several native European plants, Ireland has largely been left out of key Europe-wide phylogeographic studies. This is true for birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth), for which the genetic diversity has yet to be mapped for Ireland. Here we used eight cpDNA markers (two Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and six Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)) to map the genetic diversity of B. pubescens, B. pendula, and putative hybrid individuals sampled from 19 populations spread cross most of the island of Ireland. Within Ireland, 11 distinct haplotypes were detected, the most common of which (H1) was also detected in England, Scotland, France, and Norway. A moderate level of population structuring (GST = 0.282) was found across Ireland and the genetic diversity of its northern populations was twice that of its southern populations. This indicates that, unlike other native Irish trees, such as oak and alder, post-glacial recolonization by birch did not begin in the south (i.e., from Iberia). Rather, and in agreement with palynological data, birch most likely migrated in from eastern populations in Britain. Finally, we highlight Irish populations with comparatively unique genetic structure which may be included as part of European genetic conservation networks.

scholarly journals VARIATIONS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EXTRACTIVE KIDNEYS OF THE KIDNEYS BERES OF ST. PETERSBURG AND THE LENINGRAD REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Дмитрий (Dmitrij) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Ведерников (Vedernikov) ◽  
Игорь (Igor') Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Казарцев (Kazartsev)
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
State Register ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

The article is devoted to the differences in the composition of extractive substances of vegetative buds of birch trees in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region and its change. Buds of birch (Betulae gemmae) are a medicinal product and are included in the state register of medicines. The substances soluble in acetone were studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry method after preliminary methylation with diazomethane. The retention indices of the identified compounds are given. Earlier, the structure of compounds was established by methods of NMR spectroscopy.Birch buds from the surveyed areas contain sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids. These components correspond to the classical notions of the composition of the buds. However, specimens of birch trees were found containing only triterpenoids and fatty acids in the buds, and also a combination of all the listed compounds - the intermediate composition. This tendency was observed in the Betula pendula Roth. birch, Betula pubescens Ehrh., Betula pendula var. carelica Merckl., Betula krylovii G.V.Krylov in the arboretum of the St. Petersburg Forestry University and observed on the Betula pendula and, Betula pubescens in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. Presumably one type of chemical composition can be replaced by another in time. The change in the composition was recorded for several years on specimens of birches.Various reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.

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