Crown architecture of short-rotation, intensively cultured Populus.: I. Effects of clone and spacing on first-order branch characteristics

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Nelson ◽  
Thomas Burk ◽  
J. G. Isebrands
Keyword(s):  
Branch Length ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Crown Architecture ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Branch ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Branch Angle ◽  
Highly Correlated

First-order branch characteristics that have a major influence on crown architecture were quantified for nine 4-year-old Populus clones grown at three spacings (0.3 m × 0.3 m,0.6 m × 0.6 m, 1.2 m × 1.2 m) under short-rotation, intensive culture (SRIC) in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. The branch characteristics included the number, length, and diameter of branches and the angles of origin and termination. Clone and spacing had statistically significant effects on all branch characteristics, but the clone–spacing interaction was not significant for any branch characteristic. As spacing increased, the number, sum of lengths, and angle of origin of branches increased, but the angle of termination decreased. Branch length and branch diameter were highly correlated within all clones. The correlation between the angles of origin and termination within a clone was low when pooled over all spacings and height growth increments. The two clones with the lowest angle of origin also had the lowest angle of termination, and the clone with the highest angle of origin had the highest angle of termination. The clonal rankings for angles of origin and termination were not otherwise similar. The results indicate that development of a biologically meaningful variable for effective branch angle may be a complex task for SRIC Populus. However, individual clones are recommended for SRIC growth-spacing trials based upon branch angle and other crown architecture data presented.

Crown architecture of short-rotation, intensively cultured Populus. III. A model of first-order branch architecture

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Burk ◽  
Neil D. Nelson ◽  
J. G. Isebrands
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Branch ◽  
Branch Architecture ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Model Components ◽  
Simple Power Function

A model was developed to describe the first-order branch architecture of Populus clones grown under short-rotation, intensive culture. Four basic model components describe branch location along the tree bole, orientation of the branch in the plane in which it arises, taper of the branch, and the relation between leaf surface area supported by the branch and branch size. Branch arrangement along the tree bole was found to be symmetric for portions of the bole containing branches. Branch orientation was well described by assuming curvature to be constant, and branch taper was successfully modeled using a simple power function. Branch surface area was determined to be the most appropriate predictor of leaf surface area supported by the branch. Combining the four model components in a computer program allows an analysis of the dynamics of Populus crowns not previously possible.

scholarly journals Willows Used for Phytoremediation Increased Organic Contaminant Concentrations in Soil Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2979
Author(s):  
Maxime Fortin Faubert ◽  
Dominic Desjardins ◽  
Mohamed Hijri ◽  
Michel Labrecque
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Hydrology ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Made In

The Salix genus includes shrub species that are widely used in phytoremediation and various other phytotechnologies due to their advantageous characteristics, such as a high evapotranspiration (ET) rate, in particular when cultivated in short rotation intensive culture (SRIC). Observations made in past field studies suggest that ET and its impact on soil hydrology can also lead to increases in soil pollutant concentrations near shrubs. To investigate this, sections of a mature willow plantation (seven years old) were cut to eliminate transpiration (Cut treatment). Soil concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), aliphatic compounds C10–C50, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and five trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) were compared between the Cut and the uncut plots (Salix miyabeana ‘SX61’). Over 24 months, the results clearly show that removal of the willow shrubs limited the contaminants’ increase in the soil surface, as observed for C10–C50 and of 10 PAHs under the Salix treatment. This finding strongly reinforces a hypothesis that SRIC of willows may facilitate the migration of contaminants towards their roots, thus increasing their concentration in the surrounding soil. Such a “pumping effect” in a high-density willow crop is a prominent characteristic specific to field studies that can lead to counterintuitive results. Although apparent increases of contaminant concentrations contradict the purification benefits usually pursued in phytoremediation, the possibility of active phytoextraction and rhizodegradation is not excluded. Moreover, increases of pollutant concentrations under shrubs following migration suggest that decreases would consequently occur at the source points. Some reflections on interpreting field work results are provided.

Dwarfism does not modify mean area per leaf and light interception in indeterminate autumn-sown white lupin

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Harzic ◽  
C. Huyghe
Keyword(s):  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Low Light ◽  
First Order ◽  
Logistic Equations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Leaves

SUMMARYThe effect of dwarfism on leaf number and size was investigated on six pairs of tall and dwarf nearisogenic lines of indeterminate autumn-sown white lupins (Lupinus albus L.). Dwarfism reduced mainstem height by 41% and first-order branch length by 22%. It also slightly decreased the number of leaves on the mainstem and first-order branches without affecting the time of flowering. Leaf size was not reduced. Logistic equations were used to analyse differences in the patterns of light interception by leaf canopies relative to thermal time from sowing during the growth of seven dwarf lines and three tall cultivars sown on different dates. The genotypes studied had long periods of low light interception during their early growth. No differences were found between most of the equation parameters for dwarf and tall genotypes. Only the proportion of light intercepted at flowering differed and this was explained by differences in flowering time. The dwarf character did not limit the ability of the crop canopies to intercept light. It is concluded that the character can be introduced into a wide range of genetic backgrounds without deleterious effects.

A Note on Homogeneous Dendrites

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. A. Melzak
Keyword(s):  
Branch Point ◽  
Rooted Tree ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Order Branch

In graph - theoretic terms a homogeneous p-dendrite, p ≥ 2, is defined as a finite singly-rooted tree in which the root has valency 1 while every other vertex has valency 1 or p. More descriptively, a homogeneous p-dendrite may be imagined to start from its root as the main, or 0th order, branch which proceeds to the first - order branch point where it gives rise top first - order branches. Each of these either terminates at its other end (which is a second-order branch point) or it splits there again into p branches (which are of third order), and so on. The order of the dendrite is the highest order of a branch present in it. For completeness, a 0-th order dendrite is also allowed, this consists of the 0-th order branch alone.

Growth patterns and biomass productivity of two Salix species grown under short-rotation intensive culture in southern Quebec

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Labrecque ◽  
Traian Ion Teodorescu ◽  
Alain Cogliastro ◽  
Stéphane Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Short Rotation

Anatomy of the Superior Mesenteric Vein With Special Reference to the Surgical Management of First-order Branch Involvement at Pancreaticoduodenectomy

2008 ◽  
Vol 248 (6) ◽  
pp. 1098-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. G. Katz ◽  
Jason B. Fleming ◽  
Peter W. T. Pisters ◽  
Jeffrey E. Lee ◽  
Douglas B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Vein ◽  
First Order ◽  
Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Order Branch

scholarly journals VARIASI POHON FRAKTAL MENGGUNAKAN L-SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Pradifta Gilang Ramdhan ◽  
Kosala D. Purnomo ◽  
Firdaus Ubaidillah
Keyword(s):  
Branch Length ◽  
Production Rules ◽  
Tree Patterns ◽  
Branch Angle ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
Tree Generation ◽  
L Systems ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parameter Values

Fractal tree is simply a trunk and a number of branches, each of which looks like the tree itself. The fractal tree can be generated using the IFS and L-Systems methods. In this article, the author develops fractal tree generation using L-Systems with additional variations. The variations given are in thickness, length, and branch angle. This development is expected to produce more diverse fractal tree patterns. In generating a fractal tree using L-Systems, it begins by determining the letters and symbols to be used. Then determine which axioms should be used. Then the production rules are made together with the determination of the parametric L-Systems. And the last is to determine the probability value for the stochastic L-Systems. In the deterministic L-Systems, thickness variations, length variations, and branch angle variations are carried out. In the variation of branch thickness, if the ratio of the thickness of the left branch is greater than that of the right branch, the fractal tree is skewed to the left. Then in the variation of branch length if the ratio of the length of the left branch is smaller than the ratio of the length of the right branch, the length of the left branch is longer than the length of the right branch. Then at the angle of the branching the smaller the 𝜃 that is included causes the branches to be closer together. The use of stochastic L-Systems can produce more diverse fractal tree patterns, even though they use the same production rules and parameter values

Species Trials for Biomass Production on Abandoned Farmland

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Laing ◽  
Paul E. Sendak ◽  
John Aleong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Species Trials ◽  
Hardwood Tree ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Two Hybrid

Abstract As part of a nationwide study of the potential for woody crops to supply biomass for energy use, we evaluated seven hardwood tree species and six hybrid poplar clones on four different sites in Vermont, with three fertilizer treatments on some sites. Not all species were evaluated on all sites. Plots containing 25 trees were replicated three or four times at each site. Trees were planted at a spacing of 0.6 x 0.6 m or 0.9 x 0.9 m and grown for 3 years. The application of fertilizer did have significant effect on height, diameter, and stem weight. Species with high yields (about 16 oven-dry t/ha/year) included four of the hybrid poplars. Silver maple, black locust, and the other two hybrid poplars yielded about 10 oven-dry t/ha/year. Based on growth alone, these species and clones were recommended for short-rotation intensive culture in areas with similar climate and growing sites. North J. Appl. For. 2:43-47, June 1985.

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