scholarly journals VARIASI POHON FRAKTAL MENGGUNAKAN L-SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Pradifta Gilang Ramdhan ◽  
Kosala D. Purnomo ◽  
Firdaus Ubaidillah
Keyword(s):  
Branch Length ◽  
Production Rules ◽  
Tree Patterns ◽  
Branch Angle ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
Tree Generation ◽  
L Systems ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parameter Values

Fractal tree is simply a trunk and a number of branches, each of which looks like the tree itself. The fractal tree can be generated using the IFS and L-Systems methods. In this article, the author develops fractal tree generation using L-Systems with additional variations. The variations given are in thickness, length, and branch angle. This development is expected to produce more diverse fractal tree patterns. In generating a fractal tree using L-Systems, it begins by determining the letters and symbols to be used. Then determine which axioms should be used. Then the production rules are made together with the determination of the parametric L-Systems. And the last is to determine the probability value for the stochastic L-Systems. In the deterministic L-Systems, thickness variations, length variations, and branch angle variations are carried out. In the variation of branch thickness, if the ratio of the thickness of the left branch is greater than that of the right branch, the fractal tree is skewed to the left. Then in the variation of branch length if the ratio of the length of the left branch is smaller than the ratio of the length of the right branch, the length of the left branch is longer than the length of the right branch. Then at the angle of the branching the smaller the 𝜃 that is included causes the branches to be closer together. The use of stochastic L-Systems can produce more diverse fractal tree patterns, even though they use the same production rules and parameter values

scholarly journals Stent patency and outcome of TIPS through the left versus the right portal branches

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Alwarraky ◽  
Hasan A. Elzohary ◽  
Mohamed A. Melegy ◽  
Anwar Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Variceal Bleeding ◽  
Patency Rate ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Stent Patency ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Our purpose is to compare the stent patency and clinical outcome of trans-jugular intra-hepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) through the left branch portal vein (TIPS-LPV) to the standard TIPS through the right branch (TIPS-RPV). We retrospectively reviewed all patients (n = 54) with refractory portal hypertension who were subjected to TIPS-LPV at our institute (TIPS-LPV) between 2016 and 2018. These patients were matched with 56 control patients treated with the standard TIPS-RPV (TIPS-RPV). The 2 groups were compared regarding the stent patency rate, encephalopathy, and re-interventions for 1 year after the procedure. Results TIPS-LPV group showed 12 months higher patency rate (90.7% compared to 73.2%) (P < 0.005). The number of the encephalopathy attacks in the TIPS-LPV group was significantly lower than that of the TIPS-RPV group at 6 and 12 months of follow-up [P = 0.012 and 0.036, respectively]. Re-bleeding and improvement of ascites were the same in the two groups [P > 0.05]. Patients underwent TIPS-LPV needed less re-interventions and required less hospitalizations than those with TIPS-RPV [P = 0.039 and P = 0.03, respectively]. Conclusion The new TIPS approach is to extend the stent to LPV. This new TIPS-LPV approach showed the same clinical efficiency as the standard TIPS-RPV in treating variceal bleeding and ascites. However, it proved a better stent patency with lower rates of re-interventions, encephalopathy, and hospital admissions than TIPS through the right branch.

scholarly journals Analysis of wind power potential as an electricity source for safety light and sign on limestone mining hauling road

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Ikhsan Purnama ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Wind Potential ◽  
Steep Terrain ◽  
Unsafe Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parameter Values

A work accident can occur anytime and anywhere to the worker if they take unsafe action and are in an unsafe condition. Mining areas located in the hills have unsafe conditions for operating heavy equipment, such as steep terrain conditions, slippery roads, and foggy weather, and lack of lighting. Installation of light assign is the right step in reducing work accidents at night, foggy and rainy weather. Measurement of wind data and calculation of wind potential statistically using Weibull distribution. The parameter values of scale and shape are 1.67 and 1,71 respectively, with an average wind speed of 1,49 m/s and the wind power potential of 3.14 W/m2. Based on measurement and analysis results, this quarry always gets wind gusts both day and night, so it has the potential to take advantage of wind energy either on a small turbine scale or in small and medium electric power.

Visuotactile Representation of Peripersonal Space: A Neural Network Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Magosso ◽  
Melissa Zavaglia ◽  
Andrea Serino ◽  
Giuseppe di Pellegrino ◽  
Mauro Ursino
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Bilateral Stimulation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parameter Values

Neurophysiological and behavioral studies suggest that the peripersonal space is represented in a multisensory fashion by integrating stimuli of different modalities. We developed a neural network to simulate the visual-tactile representation of the peripersonal space around the right and left hands. The model is composed of two networks (one per hemisphere), each with three areas of neurons: two are unimodal (visual and tactile) and communicate by synaptic connections with a third downstream multimodal (visual-tactile) area. The hemispheres are interconnected by inhibitory synapses. We applied a combination of analytic and computer simulation techniques. The analytic approach requires some simplifying assumptions and approximations (linearization and a reduced number of neurons) and is used to investigate network stability as a function of parameter values, providing some emergent properties. These are then tested and extended by computer simulations of a more complex nonlinear network that does not rely on the previous simplifications. With basal parameter values, the extended network reproduces several in vivo phenomena: multisensory coding of peripersonal space, reinforcement of unisensory perception by multimodal stimulation, and coexistence of simultaneous right- and left-hand representations in bilateral stimulation. By reducing the strength of the synapses from the right tactile neurons, the network is able to mimic the responses characteristic of right-brain-damaged patients with left tactile extinction: perception of unilateral left tactile stimulation, cross-modal extinction and cross-modal facilitation in bilateral stimulation. Finally, a variety of sensitivity analyses on some key parameters was performed to shed light on the contribution of single-model components in network behaviour. The model may help us understand the neural circuitry underlying peripersonal space representation and identify its alterations explaining neurological deficits. In perspective, it could help in interpreting results of psychophysical and behavioral trials and clarifying the neural correlates of multisensory-based rehabilitation procedures.

Modeling of Flowers with Inverse Grammar Generation Interface

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Olga Petrenko ◽  
Mateu Sbert ◽  
Olivier Terraz ◽  
Djamchid Ghazanfarpour
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Production Rules ◽  
Procedural Modeling ◽  
Model Based ◽  
L Systems ◽  
Generalized Maps

Flowers belong to one of the natural phenomena that cannot be captured completely, as there is enormous variety of shapes both within and between individuals. The authors propose a procedural modeling of flowering plants using an extension of L-Systems – a model based on three-dimensional generalized maps. Conventionally, in order to build a model the user has to write the grammar, which consists of the description of 3Gmaps and all the production rules. The process of writing a grammar is usually quite laborious and tedious. In order to avoid this the authors propose new interface functionality: the inverse modeling by automatic generation of L-systems. The user describes the flower he wants to model, by assigning the properties of its organs. The algorithm uses this information as an input, which is then analyzed and coded as L-systems grammar.

scholarly journals Course and branch of the celiac artery in the red falcon (Buteo rufinus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Haligur ◽  
A. Duzler
Keyword(s):  
Left Gastric Artery ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Gastroduodenal Artery ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Gastric Artery ◽  
Pancreaticoduodenal Artery ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Esophageal Artery

The present study was aimed at determining the origin, course and distribution of the celiac artery in eight adult red falcons, using a latex injection and dissection method. The celiac artery was ascertained to originate from the aorta at the level of the last 2–3 costae. The celiac artery was determined to split into two main branches, namely, left branch of the celiac artery and right branch of the celiac artery, in between the proventriculus and gizzard, and in the proximity of the lien. Prior to the indicated bifurcation, the celiac artery was observed to give off an esophageal artery and superior proventricular artery. In seven of the red falcons examined, splenic arteries, varying from two to four in number, were determined to spring from the celiac artery. Both the left and right hepatic arteries were ascertained to stem from the left branch of the celiac artery. The terminal branch of the left branch of the celiac artery, namely, the left gastric artery, was determined to have a fan-like distribution to the left surface of the gaster. The artery of the gall bladder was demonstrated to emanate from the left branch of the celiac artery in all of the red falcons examined, excluding one. The right branch of the celiac artery was determined to ramify into its terminal branches, namely, the right inferior gastric artery, ileocecal artery, pancreaticoduodenal artery, duodenojejunal artery and gastroduodenal artery, in the proximity of the pylorus which constitutes the gastro-duodenal passage.

Crown architecture of short-rotation, intensively cultured Populus.: I. Effects of clone and spacing on first-order branch characteristics

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Nelson ◽  
Thomas Burk ◽  
J. G. Isebrands
Keyword(s):  
Branch Length ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Crown Architecture ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Branch ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Branch Angle ◽  
Highly Correlated

First-order branch characteristics that have a major influence on crown architecture were quantified for nine 4-year-old Populus clones grown at three spacings (0.3 m × 0.3 m,0.6 m × 0.6 m, 1.2 m × 1.2 m) under short-rotation, intensive culture (SRIC) in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. The branch characteristics included the number, length, and diameter of branches and the angles of origin and termination. Clone and spacing had statistically significant effects on all branch characteristics, but the clone–spacing interaction was not significant for any branch characteristic. As spacing increased, the number, sum of lengths, and angle of origin of branches increased, but the angle of termination decreased. Branch length and branch diameter were highly correlated within all clones. The correlation between the angles of origin and termination within a clone was low when pooled over all spacings and height growth increments. The two clones with the lowest angle of origin also had the lowest angle of termination, and the clone with the highest angle of origin had the highest angle of termination. The clonal rankings for angles of origin and termination were not otherwise similar. The results indicate that development of a biologically meaningful variable for effective branch angle may be a complex task for SRIC Populus. However, individual clones are recommended for SRIC growth-spacing trials based upon branch angle and other crown architecture data presented.

scholarly journals High vowel distribution and trochaic markedness in Québécois

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-82
Author(s):  
Yulia Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Light ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
Weight Value ◽  
Variable Distribution ◽  
Quebec French ◽  
High Vowels ◽  
The Right

Abstract This paper argues for quantity-sensitive, trochaic foot structure in Québécois French, which allows for a unified prosodic account of the variable distribution of tenseness of high vowels in non-final syllables. Following Montreuil (Montreuil, Jean-Pierre. 2004a. Fragmenting weight in Scottish English. In Monica Pulki (ed.), La tribune internationale des langues vivantes, 36, 114–22. Paris. Montreuil, Jean-Pierre. 2004b. The Computation of weight in English and in Québec French. First PAC Workshop 23–24 April 2004, Université de Toulouse le Mirail.) a grammatical, sonority-based surface weight distinction is assumed for Québécois French vowels, with tense high vowels associated to a full mora µ, while lax high vowels are associated to a hypomora λ, a weight value less than µ. The weight is shown to be regulated at the level of the minimally monomoraic foot, which can be expanded to include an adjacent syllable in words consisting of more than two syllables, following the proposed Trochaic Markedness Hierarchy, based on the following three ranked principles: 1) quantitative minimum: light and heavy rimes are preferred to superlight (λ) rimes, 2) quantitative evenness: even trochees are preferred to uneven trochees, and 3) quantitative dominance: the left branch that is heavier than the right branch is preferred to the left branch that is lighter. Possible shapes of the trochee are shown to be aligned with alternating surface realizations of high vowels.

scholarly journals How Should Cancer Models Be Constructed?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327482096200
Author(s):  
Robert A. Beckman ◽  
Irina Kareva ◽  
Frederick R. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
The Face ◽  
Predator Prey Models ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parameter Values

Choosing and optimizing treatment strategies for cancer requires capturing its complex dynamics sufficiently well for understanding but without being overwhelmed. Mathematical models are essential to achieve this understanding, and we discuss the challenge of choosing the right level of complexity to address the full range of tumor complexity from growth, the generation of tumor heterogeneity, and interactions within tumors and with treatments and the tumor microenvironment. We discuss the differences between conceptual and descriptive models, and compare the use of predator-prey models, evolutionary game theory, and dynamic precision medicine approaches in the face of uncertainty about mechanisms and parameter values. Although there is of course no one-size-fits-all approach, we conclude that broad and flexible thinking about cancer, based on combined modeling approaches, will play a key role in finding creative and improved treatments.

Compensatory capacity of the lungs

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-631
Author(s):  
S. Yamada ◽  
Т. Hatta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
The Right

By experiments on rabbits with ligation of the right or left branch of a. pulmonalis and measuring pressure in a. carotis iva. pulmonalis the authors showed that the right lung is able to compensate for the prolapse of the left lung without straining the entire blood circulation.

Choosing the Right “Bit Pad”: Human Factors Aspects of Digitizing Tablet Size

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 615-615
Author(s):  
James L. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Digitizing Tablet

Entry of non-alphanumeric information into computer graphics systems is frequently accomplished by moving a drawing implement over the surface of a digitizing tablet. These tablets are commercially available in a wide range of sizes. Therefore, an important question from both ergonomic and economic standpoints concerns the optimum size for the digitizing tablet. To answer this question, models of human movement control were applied to the graphic operator's task. An experiment was conducted to obtain appropriate model parameter values and to empirically evaluate the resulting predictions of the generated models. A combination of task analysis and movement control modelling thus allowed selection of an optimum digitizing tablet size for a range of computer-graphics entry tasks. Details and results of this methodology will be presented.

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