Promotion of cone and seed production in rooted ramets and seedlings of western hemlock by gibberellins and adjunct cultural treatments

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Ross ◽  
Richard F. Piesch ◽  
Franklin T. Portlock
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Nitrate Fertilization

Over 100-fold increases in numbers of seed cones and 6- to 24-fold increases in pollen cones were achieved for 7- and 8-year-old rooted ramets of sexually mature western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) from stem injections of gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) mixtures and calcium nitrate fertilization. Female, but not male, flowering was also promoted significantly in nitrate-fertilized 6-year-old seedlings, both by stem injections (47% flowering) and foliar sprays (40% flowering) of GA4/7. Flower induction in 3-year-old potted seedlings required water stress in addition to GA4/7 foliar sprays (30% initiated seed cones and 7% pollen cones). The cones produced developed normally and set sound seeds. For mature ramets, flower promotion was roughly proportional to the logarithm of GA4/7 + GA9 concentration from 25 to 400 mg•L−1; calcium nitrate fertilization, though ineffective when used alone, significantly enhanced this response. Treatments of 6- and 12-week durations, beginning 24 May, were equally effective in promoting both male and female flowering. However, production of seed cones was only slightly enhanced and that of pollen cones not at all when treatment was delayed until 7 July (6 weeks), indicating the need to start GA applications before cone-bud differentiation has been completed (late June for pollen cones and mid-July for seed cones).

scholarly journals Optimization of Hormone for Artificial Breeding and Seed Production of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) Under Captive Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Abu Bakker Siddique Khan ◽  
Mousumi Akhter ◽  
Aovijite Bosu ◽  
Shawon Ahmmed ◽  
Md. Mohsin Ali
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Captive Condition

Aims: The study aimed to develop brood stock of Magur (Clarias batrachus), artificial breeding and seed production under captive condition using growth hormones in north-eastern Bangladesh. Study Design: Fifteen pairs of brood Clarias batrachus were used in this experiment. Brood fishes were reared up to maturation for spawning operation in the farm by providing artificial diet for 4-5 months before onset of breeding season. In the present experiment, the brood fishes were induced with three growth hormones viz., Ovupin (100 mg dompridone and 0.2 mg S-GnRHa) at the rate of 1 ml.kg-1 body weight, Flash (20 mg S-GnRHa, 10 mg dompridone IP and propylene glycol) at the rate of 1 ml.kg-1 body weight and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) hormone at the rate of 2272 IU.kg-1 body weight; respectively. The broods were injected with single injection in all treatments. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted on induced spawning of Magur (Clarias batrachus) at the Reliance Aqua Farm, Boilor, Trisal of Mymensingh district from March to August, 2016. Methodology: Sexually mature healthy, uninjured male and female fishes were collected from the broodstock ponds for induced breeding. The fishes were transferred in the clean and germ free conditioning tanks for about 6-7 hours. During conditioning, continuous splash of water was given by keeping the male and female separate. The fishes were then weighed individually and injected intramuscularly with Ovupin, Flash and HCG hormone respectively. Only females were injected at 45° angle of the caudal peduncle. About 23-24 hours of post-injection the testes from males were dissected and mixed with stripping eggs for fertilization. Results: The incubation period for fertilized eggs were 23-24 hours for all the treatments. Fertilization rates were 78.20±0.52, 93.09±0.61 and 81.60±0.97 % and hatching rates were 54.93±0.61, 75.77±0.47 and 64.41±0.71 % in Ovupin, Flash and HCG treatments, respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed higher fertilization (93.09 %) and hatching (75.77 %) rate was achieved with Flash hormone. Therefore, Flash hormone could be effective for the artificial breeding and seed production of Magur (Clarias batrachus).

Interaction between gibberellin A4/7 and root-pruning on the reproductive and vegetative process in Douglas-fir. I. Effects on flowering

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Ross ◽  
J. E. Webber ◽  
R. P. Pharis ◽  
J. N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Pollen Cone ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Effective Cone

In two seed orchard trials, profuse female flowering was induced in young, but ontogenetieally mature grafts of inherently poor-flowering clones (1979) and in 9-year-old seedling-origin trees of both good- and poor-flowering families (1981) of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) by the cultural treatment of root-pruning in conjunction with stem injections of the gibberellin A4 and A7 (GA4/7) mixture. Promotion of male flowering, however, was confined to the more sexually mature grafts. As an individual treatment in the 1981 study, root-pruning was more effective than GA4/7, particularly for the poor-flowering families which did not respond well to GA4/7 alone. The two treatments combined had a highly synergistic effect on both male and female flowering, the synergism being relatively greater for the poor-flowering than for the good-flowering families. Although GA4/7 was not tested alone on grafted propagules, its use with root-pruning enhanced an already significant increase in seed- and pollen-cone buds from root-pruning alone by 540 and 92%, respectively. These and subsequent trials have shown root-pruning +GA4/7 to be a most effective cone-bud enhancement treatment for use in young Douglas-fir breeding and seed production orchards.

Foliar sprays with ABA promote growth of Ilex paraguariensis by alleviating diurnal water stress

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. Sansberro ◽  
Luis A. Mroginski ◽  
Rubén Bottini
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Foliar Sprays

scholarly journals Evaluation of the responsiveness of tulips to mineral fertilizers during early spring forcing in protected ground conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
I. N. Voronchikhina ◽  
O. A. Shchuklina ◽  
V. V. Voronchikhin ◽  
A. D. Alenicheva ◽  
I. N. Klimenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Nitrate Fertilization

Relevance. When forcing tulips in the early spring period in conditions of protected soil, the effectiveness of fertilizers has not been sufficiently studied. Manufacturers and suppliers of planting material do not give clear recommendations on the timing and doses of the use of mineral fertilizers in the distillation process.Material and methods. The object of study was 6 varieties of tulips of the Dutch selection of the mid-early flowering period. In the experiment, a "9-degree distillation technology"was used. For mineral fertilizing of tulips, a solution of calcium nitrate – Ca(NO3)2 was used in concentrations of 0.1% and 0,2%. The repetition of the experience is fourfold. To assess the effect of fertilizing on the growth and development of tulips, the dynamics of changes in biomorphological indicators was studied: the height of the plants, the diameter of the flower, the mass of cut flowers, as well as the output of commercial products. Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83-43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83- 43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.

Flower Induction in Seedlings of Asparagus officinalis L. by N-Phenylcarbamates

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Yanosaka ◽  
Hajime Iwamura ◽  
Toshio Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flowering Induction ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Photosystem Ii Activity ◽  
Female Flowers

Abstract A series of N-phenylcarbamates induced flowers in one-month-old seedlings of Asparagus officinalis L. Ninety to 100% of the plants flowered when the seeds were germinated in the presence of the most potent members of this class. The flowering occurred only once at the top of the seedlings, which then continued to grow normally. This made it possible to select the commer­cially preferred m ales of this dioecious plant at the seedling stage. Both male and female flowers were fertile, so cross-breeding was possible between flowering seedlings as well as between flowering seedlings and adults that had grown normally. Activity of flowering induction was not related with inhibition of photosystem II activity.

scholarly journals Verticillium Wilt in Spinach Seed Production

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey J. du Toit ◽  
Mike L. Derie ◽  
Pablo Hernandez-Perez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
The Pacific

There are no previous reports of Verticillium wilt in fresh and processing spinach (Spinacia oleracea) crops in the United States. In 2002, a hybrid spinach seed crop in the Pacific Northwest developed late-season wilt symptoms. Assays of the harvested seed and stock seed of the male and female parents revealed 59.5, 44.0, and 1.5%, respectively, were infected with Verticillium dahliae. Assays of 13 stock or commercial seed lots grown in 2002 and 62 commercial lots harvested in 2003 in Denmark, Holland, New Zealand, and the United States revealed the prevalence of Verticillium spp. in commercial spinach seed. Sixty-eight lots (89%) were infected with Verticillium spp. at incidences ranging from 0.3 to 84.8%. Five spinach seed isolates of V. dahliae were pathogenic on each of three spinach cultivars by root-dip inoculation. V. dahliae was detected on 26.4% of the seed from 7 of 11 inoculated plants but on none of the seed from 6 control plants, demonstrating systemic movement of V. dahliae. Seed-to-seed transmission was also demonstrated by planting naturally infected seed lots. This is the first report of Verticillium wilt of spinach in the primary region of spinach seed production in the United States.

Plant Water Stress and Soil Depletion in Variable-Density, Red Alder/Western Hemlock Coastal Oregon Plantations

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-313
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C Cole ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Riparian ecosystems provide critical habitat and functions while being some of the most productive areas in forests. Both conifers and hardwoods contribute to maintenance of habitat and function. To determine the impact of water stress on growth of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.), we installed Nelder type 1a combined with replacement series plots on three Oregon Coast Range sites. Densities ranged from 988 to 85,400 trees/hectare, with ratios (hemlock:alder) of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. In the first 4 years after planting, alder used water in the growing season at greater depths earlier than western hemlock. Higher densities resulted in greater water stress later in the growing season in weeded areas (maintained by herbicide applications), but stress was similar across densities in unweeded areas. Water stress at early ages was correlated with decreased size 14 or 24 years after planting for both species, but these correlations were confounded with other effects of density. Increasing water availability in areas with low summer precipitation could enhance growth of red alder and western hemlock, even in highly productive riparian areas.

Influence of Moisture Deficits on the Reproductive Ability of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse M. Richardson ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Larry A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Hydroponic Study

Downy brome seed production was measured in the field following the establishment of different moisture levels using a line source sprinkler irrigation system. Results indicated that seed production was strongly affected by different moisture levels, with a curvilinear decrease in seed number from higher to lower moisture. In a hydroponic study with water deficits induced by PEG-8000, no seeds were produced when plants were severely stressed (-1.1 MPa) for a 7-day period during culm elongation or anthesis. Number of seeds/panicle was reduced under severe water stress during seed fill, under moderate stress (-0.5 MPa) during anthesis or seed fill, and under mild stress (-0.1 MPa) during anthesis. Water stress also reduced apparent photosynthesis and increased diffusive resistance of flag leaves, particularly under severe stress. In general, water deficits did not affect seed weights or germination percentages in either study.

Influence of Water Stress in Autumn on Flower Induction and Fruiting in Young Pomelo Trees (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck).

1993 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Nakajima ◽  
Slamet Susanto ◽  
Kojiro Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Influence Of Water
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