scholarly journals Evaluation of the responsiveness of tulips to mineral fertilizers during early spring forcing in protected ground conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
I. N. Voronchikhina ◽  
O. A. Shchuklina ◽  
V. V. Voronchikhin ◽  
A. D. Alenicheva ◽  
I. N. Klimenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Nitrate Fertilization

Relevance. When forcing tulips in the early spring period in conditions of protected soil, the effectiveness of fertilizers has not been sufficiently studied. Manufacturers and suppliers of planting material do not give clear recommendations on the timing and doses of the use of mineral fertilizers in the distillation process.Material and methods. The object of study was 6 varieties of tulips of the Dutch selection of the mid-early flowering period. In the experiment, a "9-degree distillation technology"was used. For mineral fertilizing of tulips, a solution of calcium nitrate – Ca(NO3)2 was used in concentrations of 0.1% and 0,2%. The repetition of the experience is fourfold. To assess the effect of fertilizing on the growth and development of tulips, the dynamics of changes in biomorphological indicators was studied: the height of the plants, the diameter of the flower, the mass of cut flowers, as well as the output of commercial products. Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83-43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83- 43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the air-dry mass of vetch-cereal grass mixtures according to their optimality in the ratio of neutral-detergent (NDF) and acid-detergent fiber (ADF)

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04030
Author(s):  
A S Skamarokhova ◽  
N. A. Yurina ◽  
N. A. Bedilo ◽  
D. A. Yurin ◽  
Y N Ashinov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Experimental Plots

On the experimental field an experiment was laid to study the productivity of two types of winter vetch: Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Granz) varieties Orlan and Chernomorskaya and downy vetch (Vicia villosa op Roth) varieties Lugovskaya 2 and Glinkovskaya. The vetch was sown in a mixture with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Tanya. Various doses of mineral fertilizers. Phosphorus (superphosphate) and potassium (potassium chloride) were introduced during sowing, nitrogen (calcium nitrate) – as early spring feeding. As a control, we studied the variety of furry vetch Lugovskaya 2, since this is the most popular variety of winter vetch in the Krasnodar Territory. The soils of the experimental plots are represented by leached, low-humus heavy loamy powerful chernozem. Due to the limited feed intake, the diets of high-yielding cows are rich in highly digestible non-structural carbohydrates (ADF), which fermentation leads to the formation of a large amount of propionic acid in the rumen with a strong acidic effect and, conversely, NDF fermentation is slower and on a smaller scale. The variant winter wheat Tanya + winter vetch Lugovskaya 2 - is closer to the optimum in the second cut. The rest of the experimental options of vetchwheat and vetch-triticale grass mixtures also have a negative fiber balance, which is not acceptable for feeding high-producing dairy cattle.

Soil Allelotoxicity and Creation of Sorption-Stimulating Preparation to Accelerate Plant Development from Spring Wheat Seeds at Early Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1302-1310
Author(s):  
G. N. Fedotov ◽  
I. V. Gorepekin ◽  
L. V. Lysak ◽  
D. I. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Wheat Seeds

scholarly journals The Distribution of Minerals in Crucial Plant Parts of Various Elderberry (Sambucus spp.) Interspecific Hybrids

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Nataša Imenšek ◽  
Vilma Sem ◽  
Mitja Kolar ◽  
Anton Ivančič ◽  
Janja Kristl
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Superior Genotypes

In view of growing requirements of the food industry regarding elderberries (genus Sambucus), a need to increase their productivity and improve their chemical composition has emerged. With this purpose in mind, numerous elderberry interspecific hybrids have been created. In the present work, the content of minerals in their crucial plant parts was studied. It was also investigated whether superior genotypes regarding the mineral composition of berries and inflorescences could be predicted at early stages of plant development. The results showed that elderberry leaves contained the highest amounts of Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Sr, while K and P were predominant in fruit stalks. Fe and Al prevailed in roots and Cu in bark. Although berries showed lower mineral content compared to other plant parts, their mineral content is not negligible and could be comparable to other commonly consumed berries. Genotypes with a favorable mineral content of inflorescences and berries could be predicted on the basis of known mineral composition of their shoots and leaves. The study also indicates that S. nigra genotypes and the majority of interspecific hybrids analyzed are suitable for further genetic breeding or cultivation.

Plant development and grain yield in spring and winter barley

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis ◽  
G. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Soil Water Stress

SummaryThe development of spring and winter barley sown in both the spring and autumn has been followed in two seasons. The rates of development were similar in both types for autumn sowings but the spring types developed faster in spring sowings. Differences in the rate of development were related to photoperiod and temperature although soil water stress modified variety response. Yields were higher from autumn and early spring sowings. Sowing in April resulted in a considerable reduction in yield. The significance of these results for barley breeders is discussed.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION EXPERIENCE FOR CULTIVATION AND POST-HARVEST HANDLING OF GRAIN AND SEEDS

10.12737/3808 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Шайдуллин ◽  
Khasan Shaydullin ◽  
Шайхов ◽  
Marsel Shaykhov ◽  
Еров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Design Specification ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Cleaning Machine ◽  
Acceptance Tests

This study discusses a plant breeding and seed system recovery. According to the 2013 information, over 3000 seeders with colters of strip cropping were upgraded, which worked in 64 regions of the country. Simultaneously with the work on the modernization of the seeders for strip cropping, Russian Institute of Mechanization together with LLC “Tekhtsentr Laishevo” and “KhaRaSha” developed a design specification on the universal seeder SUZT 4of strip cropping with 4 meter width and a design specification on unified with it breeding and farming seeder SFS -2 with 2 meter wide. The pilot seeder SUZT-4 was designrd in LLC “KhaRaSha” and in 2012 it was successfully held acceptance tests with the recommendation on production at the Kirov Machine Testing Station. This seeder is designed for strip sowing of cereals, legumes, small-seeded crops and grass with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, as well as for early spring narrowband sowing of sparse winter crops and perennial grasses and subsurface mineral fertilizers plant nutrition. In 2013 there have manufactured a pilotmachine of breeding and farming seeder SFS-2 and it was transferred to Machine Testing Station for carrying out acceptance tests. The speeding up the implementing these seeders allow to carry out technological operation of planting crops in a highly effective stripping way with a significant increase of productivity and with high quality seeds. On spring wheat crops, where the seeds were prepared by car SMVO and sowing performed by seeders with ODA colters of strip cropping, the field germination ranged was from 92.5 to 95.6%, which is 4.5-8.1% higher, than seeds, obtained without isolation of their specific weight and drill sowing by double disc coulters. As a result, the higher harvest is formed by 8-10 centner per hectare and more. Additional 1.0 million tons of crops were reaped from improved seeds quality. Thus, the use of universal seeders with single disc - hoe colters and seed-crop cleaning machines SMVO is the most affordable way to increase the crops yield and seed quality for all farms. Key words: selection and seed-farming, Seed-growers association, seed-crop cleaning machine, processing of grain and seed, a seeder with disc-hoe colters, strip cropping .

Cytological studies of early stages of powdery mildew in barley and wheat. V. Effects of calcium on the infection of coleoptiles of barley by Erysiphe graminis hordei

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (20) ◽  
pp. 2544-2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Takamatsu ◽  
Hiroshi Ishizaki ◽  
Hitoshi Kunoh
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis Hordei ◽  
The Times ◽  
Chloride Treatment

Some effects of calcium salts on the infection process of Erysiphe graminis hordei in coleoptiles of barley were investigated. Calcium chloride enhanced the incidence of haustoria but depressed that of papillae. Calcium bromide and calcium nitrate likewise enhanced the incidence of haustoria. Calcium chloride treatment at varied times and with varied durations during incubation after inoculation showed that events occurring in coleoptiles between 9 and 13 h after inoculation were most affected by the treatment. This period included the times that appressoria matured, cytoplasm aggregated, papillae were produced, and haustoria were formed, and the effect of calcium might be associated with one or more of these events.

scholarly journals Market Quality of Late Winter/Early Spring Peony Paeonia after Controlled Dormancy: Dummy Regression Modelling

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gregory Yom Din ◽  
Menashe Cohen ◽  
Rina Kamenetsky Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
World Market ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Reference Treatment ◽  
Commercial Harvest

There is a shortage of herbaceous peony cut flowers in the world market in late winter/early spring. The quality of these prestige flowers, when cultivated in warm climate regions and stored in cooling chambers during dormancy, is influenced by pre-dormancy, dormancy, and post dormancy conditions. In this article, various regimes of peony dormancy with constant and variable temperatures were studied. Containers with plants of cv. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ were exposed to a pre-dormancy temperature of 15°C and, after two weeks, transferred to cooling chambers in order to keep dormancy under four constant or diurnal temperature regimes. On three different dates, plants from each treatment were transferred to a greenhouse for release from dormancy and the beginning of sprouting. During commercial harvest, data on height and thickness of flower stems, number of harvested flowers per plant, and dates of harvested flowers were collected. Using these data, the index of market quality of peony flowers was defined and regressed on dummy variables that reflected chilling regimes and dormancy duration. Statistically significant differences in market quality were shown between the treatments with the lower storage temperatures 20 C, 2-100 C, and 2-150 C, and the reference treatment with a storage temperature of 2 – 200 C. Statistically significant differences were also shown between the treatments with the shorter storage period of 6 weeks, 4 days or of 8 weeks, on the one hand, and the reference treatment with the storage of 9 weeks, 3 days, on the other. Close results were obtained for the treatments with the constant temperature of 20 C and with the diurnal alternating temperature of 2-100C. Therefore, growers can expect economic gains from saving energy during dormancy under a suitable temperature regime.

scholarly journals THE STUDYING OF DYNAMICS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF GOLDEN POTATO NEMATODES IN UKRAINE AND SEPARATE FACTORS ITS REGULATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Pavlo Verheles ◽  
Nataliia Pinchuk ◽  
Tetiana Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Potato Nematodes ◽  
Correct Application

In recent years, the main sowing areas of potatoes have moved from collective farms to the private sector, which makes it difficult to detect nematodes and establish their level of harmfulness in different regions of Ukraine. The cultivation of potatoes in monoculture for many years, the unpredictability of the existing seed system of regular maintenance of individual farms with healthy planting material, the lack of knowledge about the protection of plants against nematodes, contribute to the spread of globoderosis in new territories. Research strategy to protect the potato crop from nematodes should be aimed at a low-energy and environmentally friendly system based on the use of nematodes, the correct application of crop rotation crops, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the quality of planting material, since chemical hazards protect the environment. The outstanding issues in terms of regulating the abundance of golden potato nematodes remain the factors of the agrochemical properties of soils and their relationship with the pest size, aspects of the use of different potato precursors in terms of influencing the prevalence of the nematode, and estimating the monitoring status of its comparative numbers. The article summarizes the results of quarantine monitoring of the distribution of the golden potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll) in Ukraine and by region. A comparison of the pest prevalence rate over ten years of quarantine monitoring has been conducted and conclusions have been made regarding their success at the regional level. The phenological development of the pest is specified taking into account the climatological features of the Vinnitsa region. A review of the features of biology and the pest development cycle is made on the basis of which briefly described signs of potato damage in the field. On the basis of field studies, the effectiveness of the control of the potato nematode was evaluated by introducing crop rotation and selecting the appropriate alternation of different plants. The effectiveness of the use of potato varieties resistant to the nematode was assessed, and the level of their productivity against an infectious background was determined in comparison with the variety unstable to the pest. Conclusions have been made in the main areas of restricting the spread of the potato nematode in the private sector of potato cultivation in permanent crops. Key words: golden potato nematode, yield, varieties, crop rotation, prevalence.

scholarly journals The pH-reaction of the peat in long-term soil improvement and fertilizing trials at the Leteensuo experimental station

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Plough Layer ◽  
Sphagnum Bog ◽  
Nitrate Fertilization

The investigation is a report on the pH-reaction in the plough layer of the soil improvement and fertilizing tests carried on at the Experimental Station of Leteensuo during several decades. The tests were located on two areas with a peat layer consisting of Sphagnum peat with pH 3.3, derived from S. fuscum moss in one case, and of forest sedge peat with pH 4.1 in the other. The clay and sand employed as soil improving agents had pH 5.9 and 4.4, respectively. The effect of liming has proved to be relatively prolonged on Sphagnum bog as well as on fen soil. In the test with different rates of lime addition on Sphagnum bog, the pH value was found to increase linearly with the lime quantity. Addition of mineral soil has produced a remarkable increase in pH. Its effect, too, has been highly prolonged. In spite of their different inherent reactions, the sand and clay have exerted largely similar effects on the pH value of the plough layer. Stable manure possesses an effect resulting in an increase of the pH value and this value is also increased by calcium nitrate fertilization, whereas fertilizing with potassium salt and with superphosphate or fine-ground rock phosphate did not affect the reaction of the peat in any noteworthy and distinct degree.

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