Growth of lodgepole pine and white spruce in the central interior of British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eis ◽  
D. Craigdallie ◽  
C. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Second Growth

Height, diameter, volume growth, crown width, and stocking of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were studied on the three most common forest sites in the central interior of British Columbia, to estimate their potential growth and their suitability for pure or mixed stands in managed second-growth forests established by planting. Spruce only should be planted on moist to wet Alluvium sites; both species appear to be equally suitable on moist Aralia sites, and pine only should be planted on dry to moist Cornus–Moss sites. In mixed forest, suppressed spruce will have little volume at the time of pine harvest. In general, managed, fully stocked second-growth forests should produce greater volume per hectare than the present natural, unmanaged forests.

scholarly journals The Effects of Juvenile Spacing on 7-Year-Old Lodgepole Pine in Central British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne D. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Individual Tree Growth ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The effects of spacing 7-year-old second-growth lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) are reported 20 growing seasons after treatment. Five spacing levels of 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500 trees per hectare, plus unspaced controls, were established on plots in central British Columbia. Both individual-tree and per-hectare data were analyzed. Spacing had a significant effect on all of the individual-tree characteristics examined, but its effect on per-hectare values was mixed. Although this report only provides short-term information on the effects of juvenile spacing on the growth and yield of lodgepole pine, it does indicate the need to optimize individual-tree growth rates with levels of growing stock to maximize yield per unit area. West. J. Appl. For. 20(3):160–166.

Effects of Sitka alder on the growth and foliar nutrition of young lodgepole pine in the central interior of British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1761-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Brockley ◽  
P Sanborn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Boreal Ecosystem

The 6-year effects of differing levels of Sitka alder (Alnus viridus spp. sinuata (Regel) Á. Löve & D. Löve) retention (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 clumps/ha) on the development of retained alder and on the growth and foliar nutrition of 7-year-old naturally regenerated lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) were evaluated in a sub-boreal ecosystem in the central interior of British Columbia. Alder development was inversely related to alder retention density, with the largest height and crown width increments occurring at the lowest alder densities. Low to moderate levels of alder cover did not significantly inhibit the diameter or height growth of lodgepole pine. Even under high alder cover, growth was not reduced until alder cover exceeded 45%. Over the 6-year response period, lodgepole pine diameter and height increments under high alder cover were reduced by 10% and 12%, respectively, relative to the no-alder treatment. The effect of alder density on lodgepole pine foliar N was strongly linear, with the highest N levels measured in the high alder retention treatment. However, the positive impact of alder retention on foliar N resulted in probable imbalance of N relative to S and possibly P and K. Unless alleviated, nutritional imbalances may preclude reliable assessment of the competitive effects (i.e., light and soil resources) of alder density, if any, on lodgepole pine growth.

Western gall rust dynamics and impact in young lodgepole pine stands in west-central Alberta

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Bella ◽  
S. Navratil
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
The Impact

A sample of 29 405 lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) trees was assessed from 1982 to 1985, and stem analysis data of 75 trees from five heavily infested second-growth stands in the foothills of the Rockies were analyzed to determine the incidence, development, and impact of western gall rust Endocronartiumharknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka, in relation to age of trees and stand and site factors. The incidence of western gall rust increased with stand age and time. In stands up to 12 years old, the incidence averaged about 5% and increased rapidly to about 20% at age 20. A rapid increase in incidence over time occurred in younger age-classes. In stands 20 years or older, the incidence of new infection was low. Mortality associated with western gall rust among crop trees was low. There was, however, 30% mortality in an unthinned 22-year-old stand over its life. Impact on growth was highly significant (p < 0.01). In the periods 11–15 years and 16–20 years after the wave of heavy infection, reductions in volume growth of infected crop trees were 15 and 25%, respectively. This loss amounts to 15% of the total volume over the 20-year period during which the stands are affected. Western gall rust incidence was higher (p < 0.01) in stands on east-facing slopes than on south- and north-facing slopes. Stands at elevations between 1200 and 1400 m had the highest incidence. Forest management strategies to reduce the impact of western gall rust are discussed, with emphasis on spacing that includes sanitary removal of infected trees.

The effects of nutrition and density on growth, foliage biomass, and growth efficiency of high-density fire-origin lodgepole pine in central British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2851-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P Blevins ◽  
Cindy E Prescott ◽  
H Lee Allen ◽  
Teresa A Newsome
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
High Density ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Fire Origin

A factorial thinning and fertilization experiment was established in central British Columbia in a 36-year-old high-density fire-origin lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) stand to examine the effects of density, nutrition, and their interaction on tree and stand growth, foliage biomass per hectare, and growth efficiency. Volume growth was increased from 2 to 7 m3·ha–1·year–1 when fertilizer was applied without thinning and to 5 m3·ha–1·year–1 when fertilizer was applied with thinning. Thinning increased tree-level foliage biomass and growth efficiency by concentrating limited resources onto fewer trees, resulting in increased tree-level volume growth. Stand-level volume growth was reduced by thinning because of the large reduction in stocking. However, by year 4, stand-level volume growth was the same on control and thinned plots, suggesting that thinned trees have already recaptured the site potential. Fertilization increased both tree-level and stand-level productivity through increases in resource availability per tree and per hectare. This resulted in increased foliage biomass and growth efficiency at the tree and stand level. The combination of thinning and fertilization resulted in the greatest tree-level growth because of increased tree-level foliage biomass and growth efficiency. Boron appears to be the most limiting element followed by sulfur and nitrogen.

Static tests of lodgepole pine stability in the central interior of British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Krasowski ◽  
C.D.B. Hawkins ◽  
H. Coates ◽  
P.K. Ott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Bare Root

Lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) static stability was examined on six central interior British Columbia forest sites using dynamometer testing. Stand ages ranged from 11 to 21 years. The same number of tests were done in each cardinal direction. Two forces were measured: (i) first sign of destabilization (root plate movement or a loud cracking sound); (ii) maximum force recorded during uprooting. Forces were converted to turning moments of destabilization (M1) and complete uprooting (M2). On one site, trees planted as bare-root stock were significantly more firm (M1) than those planted as Styroblock stock, but differences were insignificant on two other sites. There were no differences in M2 between these stock types. No differences were observed among chemically root-pruned planting stock and the two above stock types. On coarse, sandy soil, M1 and M2 were small. On the same site, trees on slopes were less stable (when pulled down slope) than those growing on flat terrain. Naturally regenerated trees in a dense unthinned stand had a smaller M1 than nearby planted trees. However, in a natural stand thinned 1 year before testing, M1 did not differ between naturals and planted stock. Trees germinated in peat blocks and planted before roots had incurred air pruning had significantly greater M1 values than comparable Styroblock stock, but M2 values were not different. Rather than stock type, soil properties and stocking density are likely the prime determiners of stand stability.

scholarly journals Yield Implications of Site Preparation Treatments for Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce in Northern British Columbia

Forests ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cortini ◽  
Philip G. Comeau ◽  
Jacob O. Boateng ◽  
Lorne Bedford
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation

Compatible diameter and height increment models for lodgepole pine, trembling aspen, and white spruce

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thompson K. Nunifu
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Diameter Increment

In this study, compatible height and diameter increment models were fitted for lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.), and white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), using the relationship between diameter and height growth. It was assumed that tree diameter increment is directly proportional to height increment, and the proportionality constant is a function of competition and site productivity. The results showed that the fit statistics are comparable with results of other studies, with adjusted R2 ranging from 30% to 50%. A validation test of the models, using independent permanent sample plots data, showed that the short-term predictions of the models for both pure and mixedwood stands are fairly unbiased. The models also gave reasonable average height growth and diameter growth trajectories for pure stands of the three species and also projected long-term mixedwood (aspen – white spruce mixture) volume growth dynamics reasonably well. The models also projected reasonably well (i) the effect of increasing initial stem density on average diameter and height, and (ii) the stand volume compared with an older version the Mixedwood Growth Model (ver. 2000A). It was concluded that explicitly linking tree height and diameter increment models does not only have a solid ecological basis, but it also results in a compatible prediction of tree growth and stand dynamics.

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