Early patterns of flowering, winter injury, and flushing of red maple progenies grown in five locations

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Townsend ◽  
J. W. Wright ◽  
W. F. Beineke ◽  
R. P. Guries ◽  
C. A. Mohn
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Flowering Frequency ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Flowering Tree

Red maple (Acerrubrum L.) seedlings grown from seed collected from throughout the species' natural range were planted in five states: Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Flowering was almost exclusively dioecious and commenced in certain precocious progenies in the Ohio plantation 3 years after seed germination. Significant differences were found in all plantations among 7- and 8-year-old progenies in percentage of trees with flowers. Three plantations had differences in the number of flower buds per flowering tree and percentage of trees with winter injury. Variation among seedlots was apparent for length of the terminal leader injured by cold at two sites and for earliness of flushing in all plantations where recorded. Frequency of winter injury and time of budbreak of progenies showed a close relationship to geographic and climatic variables of seed sources, with northernmost progenies being less frequently injured and beginning growth first. There was also consistent progeny response between plantations in these two traits. Progeny from high elevations in the central and southern regions had less winter injury than progeny from low elevations. Flushing occurred in the seed lot sequence of northernmost origin first, southern next, and midlatitude last. Correlations of flowering frequency of progenies common to several plantations were in many cases significant, but correlations between plantations for numbers of flowers (per flowering tree) were less often significant.

Black Walnut Provenance Performance in Kansas

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian F. Bresnan ◽  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
Keith D. Lynch ◽  
George Rink
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Predictive Regression ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Natural Range

Abstract Fifteen seed sources of black walnut were planted at Manhattan, Kansas (39.2°N and 96.5°W) in 1967, the western edge of its natural range. After 22 years, height, dbh, and survival measurements revealed that local trees (Kansas) and trees from within 200 miles south of the planting site grew tallest. Height and dbh correlations were highly significant and increased when compared to successive 5-yr interval measurements. Geographic and climatic variables of seed sources did not provide a significant predictive regression model. Low survival limited the success of some sources, such as two from Indiana, in this Kansas plantation. North. J. Appl. For. 9(2):41-43.

Influence of genotype and soil on root fan structures of Acer rubrum

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Richard J. Medve
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Order Root

Soils collected from eight different plant communities that contained red maples (Acer rubrum L.) had little effect on root fan structures of red maple seedlings. Seedlings from eight seed sources, grown in the same soil types, showed a significant amount of variation for third order root characteristics. Root fan structures, especially those characteristics relating to beaded rootlets, were significantly affected by soil sterilization. Root fan structures were more copious and developed more rapidly on indigenous seedlings than on seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions.

Douglas-Fir from New Mexico More Outstanding than Other Sources Studied in Maryland

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
John B. Genys
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Appalachian Region ◽  
Northern Latitude ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Natural Range

Abstract Douglas-fir, represented by different seed sources from its natural range, has been studied in two research plantations in Maryland. In the Piedmont Plateau, 24 populations at age 5 varied in foliage turning brown (0% to 22%) which was associated with the longitude (r = 0.61) and the altitude (r = -0.48) of the seed source. At age 12 they varied in survival (6% to 94%), in height (0.9 m to 1.9 m), and in attraction for use as Christmas trees (0% to 19%), all inversely correlated with the northern latitude. In the Appalachian region, 20 sources at age 19 varied in survival (13% to 81%) and in height (1.5 m to 4.2 m), which was inversely correlated to the western longitude, and directly correlated with the altitude of the seed source. In both plantations, the most outstanding populations in survival, height, and attraction for use as Christmas trees were the two sources from Otero County, NM. North. J. Appl. For. 6:56-59, June 1989.

Classifying forestland from model-generated tree species habitat suitability in the Western Ecoregion of Nova Scotia, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Baah-Acheamfour ◽  
Charles P.-A. Bourque ◽  
Fan-Rui Meng ◽  
D. Edwin Swift
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Hybrid Classification

Forestland classification is central to the sustainable management of forests. In this paper, we explore the possibility of classifying forestland from species–habitat–suitability indices and a hybrid classification of modeled data. Raster-based calculations of species–habitat–suitability were derived as a function of landscape-level descriptions of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil water content (SWC), and growing degree-days (GDD) for southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. PAR and SWC were both generated with the LanDSET model and GDD from thermal data captured with the space-borne MODIS sensor. We compared the distribution of predicted forestland types with the natural range of target species as found in the provincial permanent sample plots (PSPs). Reasonable agreement (≥50% accuracy) existed between some forestland types (e.g., red maple – white birch – red oak and balsam fir – red maple) and PSP-based assessments of species presence–absence. Agreement was noticeably lower for other forestland types, such as sugar maple – beech – yellow birch (<50% accuracy). This discrepancy is attributed to forest-forming factors not directly addressed by the model, e.g., forest succession, stand interventions, and disturbance. Their addition in the model could change the dynamics of tree-species preference in southwest Nova Scotia and is worth examining. True model inaccuracies accounted for about 0.3%–15.0% of the total reported error.

scholarly journals Seed Source Variation in Morphology, Germination and Seedling Growth of Jatropha curcas Linn. in Central India

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Ginwal ◽  
S. S. Phartyal ◽  
P. S. Rawat ◽  
R. L. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Central India ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Source Variation

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine source variation in Jatropha curcas seeds collected from ten locations in Central India. A significant seed source variation was observed in seed morphology (colour, size and weight), seed germination (viability, germination percent, germination energy, germination value) and seedling growth parameters (survival percentage, seedling height, collar diameter, leave/plant, and seedling biomass). The seed source of Chhindwara (M.P.) was found as the best source in comparison to others. The phenotypic and genotypic variance, their coefficient of variability and broad sense heritability also showed a sizeable variability. This offers a breeder ample scope to undertake screening and selection of seed sources for the desired traits. Further, high percentage of heritability coupled with moderate intensity of genetic gain, was observed for seed germination traits, which signifies that germination is under strong genetic control and good amount of heritable additive genetic component can be exploited for improvement of this species.

scholarly journals The Effect of Seed Sources Variation and Presowing Treatments on the Seed Germination ofAcacia catechuandElaeocarpus floribundusSpecies in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamjit Das
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Germination Success ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
Source Variation

The seed germination of seed sources and presowing treatments ofAcacia catechuandElaeocarpus floribundusseeds were conducted in the nursery of Bangladesh Agricultural University. The seeds were collected from matured and healthy trees from four different locations in Bangladesh and treated with six presowing methods. The germination test was conducted in polybags with a mixture of topsoil and cow dung in a ratio of 3 : 1. The results of ANOVA showed no significant differences among seed sources but statistically significant differences among the presowing treatments for both species. Thus the presowing methods affected the germination process of seeds, and then the highest germination success was found to be 91.26% in hot water (80°C for 10 min), treatment inAcacia catechuand the highest germination success (89.81%) ofElaeocarpus floribunduswas found in H2SO4treatment followed by 86.35% and 78.42% in treatments with hot water (100°C for 12 min) and scarification. The study also revealed that the interactions between seed source variation and presowing methods effect significantly differed in seed germination percentages. Therefore, it is concluded that hot water treatment can be suggested on seed germination of both species for developing nurseries and rural Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Various Traits of 40 Selections and Cultivars of Red Maple and Freeman Maple Growing in Maryland

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Townsend ◽  
L. W. Douglass
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Thirty-seven red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and three Freeman maple (A. x freemanii E. Murray) selections and commercial cultivars were evaluated for six years in a replicated field plot at Glenn Dale, MD. Significant differences among clones occurred for growth rate; for time, intensity, and duration of autumn color; for time of growth initiation in the spring; and for injury sustained from potato leafhopper (PLH) [Empoasca fabae (Harris)] feeding. The red maple cultivars showing the best red color over three years time were ‘Autumn Flame,’ ‘Brandywine,’ ‘Cumberland,’ ‘Red Rocket,’ ‘Somerset,’ ‘Sun Valley,’ and ‘Van.’ The cultivar ‘Bowhall’ was the least reddish. Of the three Freeman maples evaluated, ‘ Jeffersred’ and ‘Indian Summer’ manifested the best red color and also low PLH injury; whereas ‘Armstrong’ consistently showed the least reddish color of all 40 clones tested, and intermediate PLH injury. Those cultivars and selections from northern seed sources reached their peak color the earliest, but often dropped their leaves more quickly after showing their best color, compared to clones originating in more southerly locations. The clones showing the least PLH injury over several years included the Freeman maples ‘Jeffersred’ and ‘Indian Summer,’ and red maple clones and cultivars selected by the U.S. National Arboretum either from full-sib progenies (e.g., ‘Brandywine,’ ‘Somerset,’ ‘Sun Valley’) or from an Ohio provenance-progeny test (e.g., ‘Cumberland,’ ‘Red Rocket’). Those clones initiating growth (or “flushing”) earliest in the spring generally showed the least PLH injury; correlations between lateness of flushing and degree of PLH injury were highly significant.

scholarly journals Petroleum Ether Separation and Seedcoat Removal Enhance Seed Germination of a Casuarina equisetifolia L. × C. glauca Sieb. ex Spreng Hybrid

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-773
Author(s):  
Xiuli Shen ◽  
William S. Castle ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Casuarina Cunninghamiana ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Empty Seeds

Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. is an introduced species to Florida that has potential as a windbreak plant to help manage canker in citrus groves; however, only Florida sources can be used for that purpose. Local sources of Casuarina are generally adequate seed producers, but germination percentages are frequently poor. Thus, the causes of low seed germination and methods to improve germination were investigated using C. cunninghamiana and a local hybrid (C. equisetifolia L. × C. glauca Sieb. ex Spreng.). Seeds of the hybrid were larger and heavier (88 mg/100 seeds) than those of C. cunninghamiana (mean wt. 67 mg/100 seeds). Shrunken, insect-damaged, and empty seeds, present in all unsorted seed lots, were responsible for poor seed germination of the four seed sources studied. Petroleum ether separation improved germination by dividing seeds into floaters and sinkers. The floater fraction consisted of 47.5% to 93% insect-damaged seeds compared with 9.0% to 43.5% among sinkers. More than 50% of the sinkers were filled seeds and less than 21% in floaters. No empty seeds were sinkers except for one source of C. cunninghamiana. In sorted hybrid seeds, petroleum ether separation eliminated a large proportion of ungerminable seeds (floaters) and seed germination among sinkers was faster with a higher germination percentage than floaters. Cumulative germination of hybrid seeds in a trial involving two temperatures was 23.0% for sunken seeds at 30 °C at the end of 8 weeks compared with 1% of unsorted seeds. Temperature had no significant effect on seed germination. The germination percentage of hybrid seeds with seedcoats removed was 91.0% in the first week of culture compared with only 1.2% in the first week and 12.6% seed germination at the end of 8 weeks' culture of intact seeds.

scholarly journals Seed germination response of Indian wild pear (Pyrus pashia) to gibberellic acid treatment and cold storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 11044
Author(s):  
Manisha THAPLIYAL ◽  
Namitha N. KALIYATHAN ◽  
Kanupriya RATHORE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
Pyrus Pashia ◽  
Gibberellic Acid Treatment

Knowledge of seed germination behaviour of different seed sources of tree species is useful in selecting the most responsive and adaptive ones for propagation and germplasm conservation. The wild Himalayan pear (Pyrus pashia Buch-Ham ex D. Don) produces highly nutritious edible fruits that are consumed by local communities. The populations of the species are threatened due to exploitation and lack of adequate conservation programmes. The study was conducted to examine the germination response of P. pashia seeds from two sources (S1-Champawat and S2-Pithoragarh) in Uttarakhand state of India, to different GA3 treatment and also to assess the viability and longevity of the seeds in cold storage (5 °C) for three years. In both sources germination percent (GP) increased significantly under GA3 treatment and speed of germination was also enhanced (reduction in mean germination time). In Source, 1 GP increased under all GA3 application, highest being 94% under GA3 500 ppm treatment. In Source 2, GP of seeds doubled under 100 ppm GA3 treatment while its higher concentrations did not improve the germination. However, the differences observed in germination between the seed sources could be due to differences in the dormancy levels and/or sensitivity to dormancy breaking elements across their geographical range. Thus, exogenous application of GA3 is suggested for enhancing the germination in seeds of P. pashia. Seeds responded to cold storage by increased germination with duration, i.e. highest after three years in storage, indicating that the seeds got the required chilling treatment for overcoming dormancy.

scholarly journals In Vitro Germination of Native Terrestrial Orchids

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 595e-595
Author(s):  
Ing-Jiun Tom Wu ◽  
G.L. Wheeler ◽  
F.H. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Cypripedium Calceolus ◽  
Single Seeds

Scarification treatments (a control, a 10-minute vacuum, or a 1.5-minute ultrasound), different media (modified Norstog and Van Waes) and growth regulators [benzyladenine (BA) at 0, 1, 1.5, or 2 mg·L-1 and 6-(r,r-dimethylallylamino)-purine riboside (2iPR) at 0, 1, 1.5 or 2 mg·L-1] were used in combination to increase seed germination of Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum. Seeds treated with ultrasound had higher germination (58.0%) than those treated with vacuum (27.4%) or controls (19.2%). Germination rates increased with 2iPR level and reached a maximum between 1.5 and 2 mg·L-1. Seeds on Van Waes medium, which were not transferred to fresh medium after germination, had a severe browning problem causing many protocorms to die. Those on Norstog medium continued to grow into seedlings with less browning. Germination rates of Calopogon tuberosus × Calopogon `Adventure' and Liparis liliifolia were determined on the different media and growth regulator treatments. Multiple shoots of Calopogon developed from single seeds on media containing growth regulators. Flower buds formed in vitro on Calopogon in media containing 1 mg·L-1 or higher BA 5 months after germination. L. Iiliifolia seeds in Norstog medium had a higher proportion of germination than those in Van Waes medium.

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