Site and fertilizer effects on northern hardwood stump sprouting

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Mroz ◽  
D. J. Frederick ◽  
M. F. Jurgensen
Keyword(s):  
Site Quality ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Large N ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
High Site ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Sprout Growth ◽  
K Fertilization

Early growth of northern hardwood stump sprouts was studied to determine the short rotation biomass production of coppiced, pole-sized stands. This included studying the effects of fertilizer amendments and site quality on sprout numbers and height as well as biomass. Sprout numbers were related to stump diameter and species, but were independent of site quality and fertilizer additions. Sprout height growth on a stump was independent of numbers and showed increases with site quality. Biomass per stump and per hectare showed increases with N–P–K fertilization on the medium and high sites because of increased available water capacity. Mean annual increments after 4 years ranged from 0.1 Mg ha−1 year−1 on the low site to 1.6 Mg ha−1 year−1 with N–P–K fertilization on the high site. Comparisons of 3- and 4-year-old sprout growth showed large 4th-year biomass increases with periodic annual increments ranging up to 4.8 Mg ha−1 year−1 on the high site N–P–K treatments. Biomass responses to fertilization were for the large part nonsignificant owing to wide variability of biomass on blocks within sites. This may be due to inherent soil factors or large N and K losses following whole-tree harvesting of the original stands.

ENFOR - Energy from the forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter Hall ◽  
J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Energy Delivery ◽  
Carbon Budget Model ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Rotation Crops ◽  
Energy Plantations ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting

The ENFOR program, in effect since 1978, is reviewed in light of its objectives and accomplishments. ENFOR has made a difference in forest science and our knowledge and understanding of forest biomass production and the technology to increase the use of forest bioenergy. ENFOR successes include the Forest Biomass Inventory of Canada; the FORCYTE Model; the understanding of whole-tree harvesting/nutrient cycling; the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector; and the development and testing of species, clones, and production technologies for energy plantations. The promotion of the program through various types of technology transfer in the field is a major success. ENFOR and its successor programs will strive for closer cooperation and integration of forest bioenergy activities and energy delivery systems, which should increase the supply of forest biomass while contributing to the reduction of environmental stress. Key words: bioenergy, short rotation crops

Mass of downed wood in northern hardwood forests in New Hampshire: potential effects of forest management

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery A. Gore ◽  
William A. Patterson III
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Rapid Decomposition ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Downed Wood ◽  
Fallen Dead Wood

Downed (i.e., fallen, dead) wood was sampled in 1-, 15-, 50-, and 100-year-old managed stands, an uneven-aged, managed stand, and an uncut stand of northern hardwoods in New Hampshire. Mass of downed wood ranged from a mean of 32 t/ha in the 15- and 50-year-old stands to 86 t/ha in the recently cut stand. Mean estimates varied significantly among stands, although most of the variation was due to the large amount of downed wood in the recently cut stand. The range of downed-stem diameters was greatest in the 100-year-old and uncut stands. Large (>38 cm) logs were notably absent from the uneven-aged, managed stand, indicating that selective cutting utilizes mature stems efficiently. Comparison of our data with other estimates shows that the amount of downed wood in northern hardwood stands declines to about 20 t/ha within 20–30 years after logging. Quantities remain relatively stable for up to an additional 30 years and then begin to increase. They stabilize at 35–40 t/ha after approximately 100 years. Large-diameter logs become an increasingly important component of downed wood as stands mature beyond 50 years of age. Rapid decomposition of even the largest logs precludes continued accumulation of downed wood in uncut, old-growth stands. The data suggest that less downed wood and fewer large-diameter logs are likely to accumulate under short-rotation (<50 years) harvest, whole-tree harvests, and selection cuts than under long rotations or in uncut forests.

The growth and yield responses of a high site quality red pine plantation to seven thinning treatments and two thinning intervals

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal O. Liechty ◽  
Glenn D. Mroz ◽  
David D. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
High Site ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Lower Site

Seven thinning treatments with residual densities between 60 and 160 ft3/acre (13.8 and 36.8 m2/ha) of basal area were applied to a highly productive (site index, 81 ft (24.7 m); base age, 50 years) red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) plantation. After 10 years, periodic basal area growth was maximized over a lower and much broader range of residual densities than previously found in lower site quality stands. Total and merchantable cubic foot volume growth for the 10 year period was not significantly different between treatments. Application of these thinning treatments on a 6- compared with a 10-year interval reduced total and merchantable cubic foot volume growth while increasing the average stand diameter.

Early growth of different tree species on agricultural land along a latitudinal transect in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Rytter ◽  
Reimo Lutter
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Populus Spp

Abstract Fast-growing tree species will be an important tool in the future production of renewables and in substituting non-renewable fossil energy sources. Sweden, like other countries around the Baltic Sea, has large areas of abandoned farmland usable for biomass production, but knowledge of growth performance of tree species candidates is insufficient. An experiment was initiated where six potentially high-producing tree species were compared. The best available plant material for each species was used on five sites over latitudes 56–64°N in Sweden. Results from the first 8–9 years are reported. Short rotation coppice willow (Salix schwerinii Wolf × S. viminalis L., clone ‘Tora’) had the fastest initial growth and production in southern Sweden. Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) and poplar (Populus spp., section Tacamahaca), grown as short rotation forest, grew well over all sites and showed the highest productivity at the two northern sites. Hybrid larch (Larix ×eurolepis Henry) displayed a high potential at the two most southerly sites, whilst silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) was a medium-producing species at all sites. Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) started slowly, and Siberian larch (L. sukaczewii Dylis) produced poorly at the two northern sites in the initial stage. All tree species followed existing height development curves for the respective species on a high site quality level. Currently, well-growing clones of Populus spp. indicated that a wider selection of tree species can be used at high latitudes under climate change. The study showed a high growth potential for most species on former agricultural lands. However, measures to reduce climate and biological damage must be included in future efforts.

Soil Disturbance by Logging in New England̶Review and Management Recommendations

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wayne Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

Abstract The extent and magnitude of soil disturbance caused by mechanized, whole-tree harvesting was studied on a central hardwood site in Connecticut, a northern hardwood site in New Hampshire, and a spruce-fir site in Maine. Twenty-nine percent of the soil surface at the central hardwood site was undisturbed, but only 8% on the other sites was undisturbed. Mineral soil was exposed on 8 to 18% of soil surfaces after cutting, with wheel ruts more than 30 cm deep occupying less than 3%. Mechanized whole-tree harvesting causes a greater proportion of soil disturbance than other harvesting systems and will affect advanced and subsequent regeneration to a greater degree. If deep rutting occurs on wet soils, equipment should be moved until drier conditions prevail; winter logging and conversion from wheel to track vehicles may be options for reducing impact. Skid trails should follow the land contours. Travel routes should be predetermined to reduce the surface area being compacted. Practices that expose infertile mineral soil should be minimized. North. J. Appl. For. 5:30-34, March 1988.

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