Needle conductance and root egress of containerized Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings after surface and deep planting

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Anders Högberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Surface planting and deep planting were compared with respect to water uptake and root development in the early stage of field establishment. The material consisted of containerized Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. For both species, surface planted seedlings showed less root egress 5 weeks after planting compared with deep planted. Needle conductance was lower for surface planted than deep planted pine seedlings. For pine seedlings high correlation was found between root egress and needle conductance 5 weeks after planting for surface planting but not for deep planting. It is concluded that surface planting increases the water stress risk during establishment. Evaporative water loss from the root ball and the upper soil layers is discussed as the main cause to this effect.

Acid-rain-induced changes in cuticles and Ca distribution in Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Turunen ◽  
Satu Huttunen ◽  
Jaana Back ◽  
Jukka Lamppu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Induced Changes

Seedlings of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) were subjected to acid rain irrigation at pH 7, pH 4, and pH 3 three times a week during the growing seasons of 1986–1989 in a field experiment. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, contact angle measurements, and chloroform extraction of waxes were used to detect physicochemical changes in the needle cuticles. The first detectable symptoms of acid rain were observed after 5 weeks of acid rain treatment at pH 3 and pH 4, which resulted in few CaSO4 crystallites on visibly undamaged pine and spruce needle surfaces. After 7 weeks of acid rain treatment there were CaSO4 crystallites scattered over the whole needle surface area and erosion of the epicuticular waxes could be observed occasionally. CaSO4 crystal formation later decreased, especially on the needles of seedlings treated at pH 3. Ca concentrations in the needles and roots of the seedlings and in the soil in the boxes were higher in the pH 3 treatments than elsewhere. The more abundant deposition of Ca oxalate crystallites on the inner walls of the epidermal and hypodermal cells of the spruce needles than on their outer walls was probably also connected with Ca leaching, caused by acid rain. Acid rain also delayed wax synthesis, as 2-month-old pine needles exposed to pH 3 and pH 4 had about 50% less wax than the water controls in early August. The needle surfaces of the southern provenances of spruce and pine seedlings were slightly less wettable after pH 4 treatment than after the control water treatment, because they probably benefited from N and S compounds in the irrigation water. The needle surfaces were more wettable in the pH 3 and water control seedlings than in the other treatments.

Comparative photosynthetic responses of Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings to prolonged water deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 111659
Author(s):  
Ilya E. Zlobin ◽  
Alexander V. Kartashov ◽  
Pavel P. Pashkovskiy ◽  
Yury V. Ivanov ◽  
Vladimir D. Kreslavski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Scale of Physiological Processes Sensitivity to PEG-Induced Water Stress in Scots Pine Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Ivanov ◽  
I. E. Zlobin ◽  
A. V. Kartashov ◽  
P. P. Pashkovskiy ◽  
Vl. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Root freezing tolerance and vitality of Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings; influence of storage duration, storage temperature, and prestorage root freezing

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2477-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Lindström ◽  
Eva Stattin
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Pine Seedlings

This study investigated the effect of different cold storage conditions on (i) root freezing tolerance of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and (ii) the vitality of seedlings that suffered freezing injury to roots prior to storage. Container-grown seedlings, 1 year old, were stored from the end of October to April in three environments with different root temperatures: outdoor storage (−0.5 to 11.0 °C), cool storage (0.7 to 3.7 °C), or frozen storage (−5.0 to −3.8 °C). Root freezing tolerance was determined prior to storage in October and during storage in January and March. Maximum root freezing tolerance for both species occurred in January, when over 50% of spruce and pine seedlings survived 2 h exposure to −25 and −20 °C, respectively. At this time, roots of frozen-stored spruce were significantly more freezing tolerant than outdoor-stored seedlings, whereas storage environment had no significant effect on pine. Freezing tolerance in roots of both species decreased from January to March in all test environments but to a lesser extent at the subzero temperatures in the frozen storage. Root freezing to −10, −15, or −20 °C in late October before storage resulted in reduced poststorage survival of seedlings in April. Pine was more adversely affected (0–13% survival) than spruce (0–85% survival). Freezing of roots prior to storage caused the lowest survival with frozen storage.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris Seedlings of Various origins to Heterobasidion annosum and H. parviporum

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astra Zaļuma ◽  
Arnis Gailis ◽  
Natālija Burņeviča ◽  
Kari Korhonen ◽  
Tālis Gaitnieks
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract Five-year-old Norway spruce and four-year-old Scots pine seedlings of various origin were inoculated with Heterobasidion annosum s.s. and H. parviporum to estimate whether the susceptibility of seedlings to Heterobasidion was affected by origin of seeds. In total, 520 spruce and 538 pine seedlings from different seed sources and provenance regions of Latvia were tested. Four months after inoculation the fungal growth was measured. The results highlight differences between development of H. annosum and H. parviporum in spruce and pine seedlings. We did not find any seed source that was more resistant than others.

scholarly journals The effect of planting, seeding and soil preparation on the regeneration success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on drained peatlands – 10-year results

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Jyrki Hytönen ◽  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Markku Saarinen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

AbstractWe studied the effect of regeneration (planting/seeding) and soil preparation methods (no soil preparation/scalping/mounding) on the regeneration success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on three drained peatland Scots pine stands in northern Finland. After ten years, planting and sowing showed no differences in the total number of Scots pine seedlings (one seedling per sowing spot accepted) with the exception of the Sievi experiment. Without soil preparation the total number of Scots pine seedlings was 350–600 per ha. Scalping increased the number of Scots pine seedlings to 550–900 per ha, with the exception of seeding at Sievi. In mounded plots, with the exception of seeded plots at the Sievi site, the number of planted or seeded seedlings was 1,325–2,350 per ha. The number of crop seedlings in all the experiments and for all the soil preparation treatments reached the target of 2,000 seedlings per ha if naturally regenerated Scots pine, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) or birch (Betula spp.) seedlings were accepted as such. Moose (Alces alces L.) damage in Scots pine crop seedlings ranged from 4% in Sievi to 65% in Simo. The proportion of planted or seeded Scots pines of the crop seedlings was 23% in unprepared plots, 30% in scalped plots and 75% in mounded plots. Mounding increased the share of Scots pine seedlings in the overall crop seedlings. Planted seedlings were taller than seeded seedlings. Planting in mounds gave the best overall results in terms of the number of crop seedlings and their height ten years after the treatment.

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