Development of comandra blister rust on lodgepole pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Geils ◽  
William R. Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Central Rocky Mountains ◽  
Stem Cankers ◽  
Total Tree

The comandra blister rust parasite (Cronartiumcomandrae Pk.) causes a serious canker disease of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. ssp. latifolia (Engelm.) Critch.) in the central Rocky Mountains. The expansion, longevity, and distribution of comandra blister rust cankers were studied by annual monitoring, reconstructing canker histories, and random sampling. In saplings, infections occur throughout the lower 80% of the crown; and branch cankers expand toward the bole at 2.5 cm•year−1, regardless of temperature, age, position, tree size, vigor, or susceptibility to infection. The proportion of branch cankers that develop into stem cankers decreases logistically both with distance from infection site to bole and with time since infection. Fewer than 50% of branch cankers that are farther than 20 cm from the bole or more than 8 years old are expected to establish stem cankers. The proportion of branch cankers that become stem cankers decreases with distance more rapidly for comandra blister rust than for other stem rusts. The mean height of stem cankers increases with total tree height, but cankers are uncommon at the top of the crown and low on the trunk of larger trees. The number of years for a canker to girdle its host equals the diameter of the stem at the center of the canker measured in centimetres. Because girdling cankers develop infrequently, slowly, and predictably, potential losses from comandra blister rust can be reduced by timely and appropriate removal of damaged trees.

scholarly journals HeightߝDiameter Equations for 12 Upland Species in the Missouri Ozark Highlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Lootens ◽  
David R. Larsen ◽  
Stephen R. Shifley
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Ozark Highlands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract We calibrated a model predicting total tree height as a function of tree diameter for nine tree species common to the Missouri Ozarks. Model coefficients were derived from nearly 10,000 observed trees. The calibrated model did a good job predicting the mean heightߝdiameter trend for each species (pseudo-R2 values ranged from 0.56 to 0.88), but for a given tree diameter observed tree heights were highly variable. We also present a technique for incorporating the observed variation in tree heights in the predicted values.

Estimating Weights of Tree Components of Lodgepole Pine from Large-Scale Aerial Photographs

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-194
Author(s):  
A. D. Kiil
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Precise Estimate ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Air Photo ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Fuel Components

Sixty-three lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) trees were measured on the ground, felled, and their crowns and stems were weighed. The combined independent variables of tree height and crown width gave the most precise estimate of fuel components. No significant differences were found between ground and air photo measurements of total tree height and crown width. Hence, the weight of all branchwood, entire crown, and entire tree can be estimated by the use of large-scale aerial photographs.

Lodgepole pine and white spruce crown fuel weights predicted from height and crown width

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Johnson ◽  
Paul M. Woodard ◽  
Stephen J. Titus
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Allometric Model ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Diameter Classes

Equations were developed to predict the ovendry weight of the total crown, live crown, foliage, and the roundwood diameter classes of <0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–3.0, 3.0–5.0, 5.0–7.0, 7.0–10.0 cm for lodgepole pine (n = 27) and white spruce (n = 23) occurring in Alberta, Canada. The nonlinear allometric model using total tree height and a measure of crown width provided high R2 and low SEE values. This precision could not be duplicated when total tree height was used as the only independent variable. Our results suggest the possibility of using tree height and crown width measured from aerial photographs to estimate standing live and dead fuel loadings in undisturbed forest stands.

Incidence of main stem infections of lodgepole pine by western gall rust decreases with tree age

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V Blenis ◽  
Wuhan Li
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height.

Carbon Stocks of Linear Category of Trees Out Side Forest in Anantapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
G. Kavitha ◽  
S. Salamma ◽  
M. Ramesh ◽  
Mudavath Naik ◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Linear Structures ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Linear Category ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Trees Outside Forest

In the present study, carbon stocks of linear structures of trees outside forest in Anantapuramu district was estimated through sampling of 344 (0.1 ha) plots. A total of 4229 tree individuals belonging to 66 angiosperm species were enumerated in the sampled plots. The mean tree density is 122.8per ha; mean diameter at breast height 4.04 m; mean basal area 15.43 m2 ha-1.Mean volume of trees with >10 cm diameter is 15.50 m3 ha-1; mean total tree biomass is 120.81 tons ha-1.The mean carbon stock is 57.385 tons ha-1 and extrapolated biomass and carbon content for linear structures are 0.176 Mt and 0.083 Mt respectively. The carbon sequestration potential of trees outside forests of Anantapuramu district is estimated at 0.304 Mt.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of teak stands at different spacing

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1118
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Antonio Medeiros ◽  
Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽  
Flávio Siqueira D’Ávila ◽  
Helio Garcia Leite
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and yield of teak (Tectona grandis) stands at different spacing and in different soil classes. Twelve spacing were evaluated in an Inceptisol and Oxisol, in plots with an area of 1,505 or 1,548 m2, arranged in a completely randomized design with nine replicates. The teak trees were measured at 26, 42, 50, and 78 months of age. Total tree height was less affected by spacing. Mean square diameter was greater in wider spacing, whereas basal area and total volume with bark were greater in closer spacing. An increase in volume with bark per tree was observed with the increase of useful area per plant. For teak trees, growth stagnation happens earlier, the growth rate is higher in closer spacing, and the plants grow more in the Inceptisol than in the Oxisol.

scholarly journals Crown structure of Picea omorika trees in the plantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krstic ◽  
N. Stavretovic ◽  
V. Isajev ◽  
I. Bjelanovic
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Crown Structure ◽  
Parabolic Function ◽  
Picea Omorika ◽  
Serbian Spruce ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Stand Conditions

The study was carried out in Serbian spruce (Picea omorika Panc/Purkyn?) plantations in the western Serbia. The paper presents results of the analysis of crown development. The following elements were analyzed: total tree height, height of the crown base, absolute and relative crown length, maximal crown diameter, coefficient of crown spreading and degree of crown girth. We discuss approaches to the modeling of tree crown growth and development, growing under favorable environmental and stand conditions, without anomalies in development. In order to establish the relationship between analyzed factors, regression analyses were applied. Data fitting was by the analytic method, by the implementation of Prodan?s functions of growth, linear and parabolic function. Received models can be used for the simulation of various growth and developing processes in forest.

scholarly journals Comparison of Planted Loblolly and Slash Pine Performance in Southeast Texas

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
Gary D. Kronrad ◽  
Michael S. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Southeast Texas ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract The performance of young (less than 10 yr) loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine trees was compared on planted sites in southeast Texas. Performance was compared for: total tree height; tree diameter; height to live tree crown; tree volume index,; incidenceof fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme); crookedness of stems; and survival rates. For these young trees, slash pine tended to perform better in southeast Texas than loblolly pine in total tree height, tree diameter, stem size, height to first livebranch and stem straightness. However, loblolly pine was less susceptible to fusiform rust than slash pine, and its mortality rate was lower than slash pine. However, based on the performance of these young plantations, a recommendation on the preferred pine species to plant in southeast Texasmight be premature. South. J. Appl. For. 17(1):26-31.

scholarly journals Height-Diameter Equations for Thirteen Midwestern Bottomland Hardwood Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Colbert ◽  
David R. Larsen ◽  
James R. Lootens
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood Forests ◽  
Des Moines ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Riparian Tree ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract Height-diameter equations are often used to predict the mean total tree height for trees when only diameter at breast height (dbh) is measured. Measuring dbh is much easier and is subject to less measurement error than total tree height. However, predicted heights only reflect the average height for trees of a particular diameter. In this study, we present a set of height-diameter equations for 13 riparian tree species using data obtained from bottomland hardwood forests along the Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, and Des Moines rivers. Nonlinear regression techniques were used to develop the equations. The resulting equations provide a reasonable means of predicting unknown tree heights, given dbh, for these species.

Retrieving individual tree heights from a point cloud generated with optical imagery from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1012-1024
Author(s):  
Meimei Wang ◽  
Jiayuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Mean

Individual tree height (ITH) is one of the most important vertical structure parameters of a forest. Field measurement and laser scanning are very expensive for large forests. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective method to acquire ITHs in a forest using the optical overlapping images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The data sets, including a point cloud, a digital surface model (DSM), and a digital orthorectified map (DOM), were produced from the UAV imagery. The canopy height model (CHM) was obtained by subtracting the digital elevation model (DEM) from the DSM removed of low vegetation. Object-based image analysis was used to extract individual tree crowns (ITCs) from the DOM, and ITHs were initially extracted by overlaying ITC outlines on the CHM. As the extracted ITHs were generally slightly shorter than the measured ITHs, a linear relationship was established between them. The final ITHs of the test site were retrieved by inputting extracted ITHs into the linear regression model. As a result, the coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the mean relative error (MRE) of the retrieved ITHs against the measured ITHs were 0.92, 1.08 m, 0.76 m, and 0.08, respectively.

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