Planting density and tree-size relations in coast Douglas-fir

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Scott ◽  
Rodney Meade ◽  
Richard Leon ◽  
David Hyink ◽  
Richard Miller
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Initial Spacing

Test plantations were established in western Washington and Oregon to compare tree growth at six initial planting densities ranging from 300 to 2960 trees/ha (120 to 1200/acre). A size-density relation was visually apparent 3 to 4 years after planting. Inventory data from the oldest 11 trials (5 or 6 years after planting) showed that initial spacing strongly influenced early growth of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii). Average height and diameter at breast height were progressively larger as planting density increased; at the widest spacing (lowest stand density), average height was 75% and average diameter at breast height was 67% of that at the closest spacing. We have no firm explanation for the early faster tree growth at close spacings. Trees planted at 2960 trees/ha (1200 trees/acre) attained breast height (1.3 m) 2 years earlier than trees planted at a density of 300/ha (120/acre). This finding has practical significance to current efforts to achieve early establishment of plantations.

scholarly journals Plant Stand And Stability increment Sengon (Albizia falcataria) in Sub Lempake District of North Samarinda

AGRIFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Taufik Rahman ◽  
Jumani Jumani ◽  
Heni Emawati
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Albizia Falcataria

The purpose of this study was to determine or calculate the increment of diameter at breast height and increment of total height and stability of standing crops Sengon (Albizia falcataria) contained in the study site, to determine whether or not the activities thinning done on plants Sengon (Albizia falcataria) contained in the study site and to recommend spacing especially on the reforestation or afforestation activities that planting of this type.Becoming object in this research is a plant Sengon (Albizia falcataria) contained in these locations. Based on the results of a discussion with Mr. Jamal as the owner of the land and plant Sengon (Albizia falcataria), cultivated land Sengon (Albizia falcataria) approximately 0.5 hectares, the number of plants and more than 220 plants were planted in 2007 so that the age of the plant at the time this research was done approximately 9 years. While a spacing based on direct measurements at the study site approximately 3 m x 3 m.The number of plant samples Sengon (Albizia falcataria) taken with a sampling intensity by 25% thus totaling 55 plants and selected intentionally (purposive sampling).Based on the results of the measurement and the calculation of the diameter at breast height and the total height of the plant Sengon (Albizia falcataria) at the time of this study made at the time the plant was 9 years gained an average diameter at breast height of 23.79 cm, the average height of a total of 13 , 56 m, the average increment at breast height diameter of 2.64 cm / plant / year, the average increment of the total height of 1.51 m / plant / year and stability stands at 57.00.

The role of the Douglas-fir beetle and wood borers in the decomposition of and nutrient release from Douglas-fir logs

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Edmonds ◽  
Andris Eglitis
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Window Screening ◽  
Net Release

The role of insects in the decomposition of and nutrient release from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) logs was studied in the Cedar River Watershed near Seattle, Washington. In April 1976, two large-diameter (average diameter at breast height, 41.7 cm) and two small-diameter (average diameter at breast height 26.3 cm) trees were felled. Three pairs of 91 cm length sections were cut from each tree. Half the sections were covered with window screening to prevent insect entry. The number of Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonuspseudotsugae Hpk.) attacks on each section, as well as the frass production, were monitored. After 10 years, decomposition rates were determined by mass loss. Douglas-fir beetles attacked large-diameter (23 attacks/m2) and small-diameter (27 attacks/m2) log sections at similar rates. Total frass production was also similar (33.6 g•m−2 for large logs and 32.6 g•m−2 for small logs). Large-diameter unscreened log sections tended to decompose faster (k = 0.050 per year) than small diameter unscreened logs (k = 0.026 per year) owing to the presence of wood borers (Monochamusscutellatus (Say)) in the larger logs. Screening of logs to reduce insect attack tended to reduce the rate of decomposition. A brown rotting fungus (Oligoporusplacentus (Fr.) Gilb. and Ryv.) fruited on unscreened large-diameter logs. Wood borers had a greater influence on log decomposition than Douglas-fir beetles. Frass produced by the Douglas-fir beetle contributed very little to litter fall and nutrient cycling. After 10 years there was a net release of N, P, K, Ca, and Mn from decomposing logs. Only Mg was immobilized in large-diameter logs.

Yield and diametric structure of Dimorphandra mollis Benth

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Paulino Costa ◽  
Messulan Rodrigues Meira ◽  
Silma Leite Rocha ◽  
Thaíse Ohana Moura Fernandes ◽  
Ernane Ronie Martins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Environmental Importance

ABSTRACT Dimorphandra mollis is native to the Brazilian Savanna and has social, economic and environmental importance. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and diametric distribution of Dimorphandra mollis Benth. in the Pandeiros River Environmental Protection Area, in Bonito de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Five areas were assessed, totaling five hectares (50 plots of 1,000 m2). The total number of plants, yield per plant (2018, 2019 and 2020) and diameter at breast height were recorded, considering all trees from the plots in diametric classes. The average diameter at breast height of all plants was 6.05 ± 3.07 cm, and that of the plants that produced in at least one of the evaluated years was 7.46 ± 3.15 cm. The diametric distribution showed classes with no individuals, indicating imbalance, as well as a trend to inverted “J” shape. The maximum annual yield was 8.08 kg ha-1 of dry fruits (2019), the minimum 0.42 kg ha-1 (2018), and the average 2.74 kg ha-1, with biennial characteristic.

scholarly journals Interactions of the Effects of Provenances and Habitats on the Growth of Scots Pine in Two Provenance Tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić ◽  
Dalibor Ballian
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
The Given

This research aims to determine the interaction of the effects of provenance and habitat conditions on provenance tests on the growth of Scots pine on two experimental plots in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Provenance tests are located on plots with different ecological conditions and altitudes: Romanija Glasinac, 1000 m, and Gostović Zavidovići, 480 m. Both tests include 11 provenances and two clonal seed plantations with 10 families in each, and five repetitions. Tree heights and diameters at breast height were measured at the age of 21 years. Interactions were determined using multivariate analysis for measured traits. The highest average heights on the provenance test Glasinac had provenances Bugojno, Romanija Glasinac, and Šipovo (8.8 m), and on the Gostović provenance Rogatica (11.0 m). The highest average diameter at breast height on the Glasinac test had Šipovo provenance (13.9 cm) and on the Gostović test Bosanski Petrovac provenance (12.3 cm). Variance analysis showed statistically significant differences among provenances in terms of diameter at breast height and height values. Multivariate analysis showed the presence of interactions of effects of provenances and habitat conditions on provenance tests. For provenances that did not show interaction, it is recommended to use provenances that performed better in the given ecological conditions, and for those that showed interaction, it is necessary to choose those provenances which are expected to show better results in given conditions later in life. The obtained results are very important for the conservation activities of this species.

scholarly journals PENAKSIRAN VOLUME POHON KOMERSIL MELALUI METODE PENARIKAN ACAK BERLAPIS (STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING) BERDASARKAN KELAS LERENG DAN KERAPATAN TEGAKAN DI PT. LIMBANG GANECA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunawan Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Interaction Factors ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Slope Class

This study aims to estimate the volume of commercial trees at PT. Limbang Ganeca based on Stratified Random Sampling carried out on the RKL VII area of the HPH with an area of 16,101 hectares with a forested area of 15,215 hectares. The area of the study area is 76.08 hectares which is divided into strata based on the slope class and stand density. Based on the results of stratification of topographic maps and vegetation maps, there is a combination of slope I class, slope II class, slope class III and three forest stratum with a combination of 9 forest strata. From this combination the diameter at breast height is measured to assess the volume of the tree.Based on the results of data analysis, slope class factors can be used in estimating volume, while stand density and interaction factors for these two factors cannot be used in estimating tree volume. From the results of measuring the diameter at breast height and calculating tree volume, the average volume of the area was 109,9898 m3 / hectare or around 108,309 to 111,487 m3 / hectare. While the overall volume of the RKL VII area ranges from 1,647,950,462 to 1,696,304,584 m3.

scholarly journals Influence of Planting Density on Diameter and Height in East Texas Pine Plantations

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jin Lee ◽  
J. David Lenhart
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Average Height ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract The response of diameter and height of unthinned planted stands loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine in East Texas to different classes of planting densities were analyzed. After tracking the development of diameter and height for 15 yr on a set of permanent plots representing a broad range of plantation parameters, average diameter and average height trends were observed. For both species, average diameter values were significantly larger with lower planting densities. In contrast, average height growth is insensitive to planting density at younger age classes for loblolly and at older age classes for slash pine plantations. South. J. Appl. For. 22(4):241-244.

Bulldozing stumps and nitrogen fertilization affect growth of Douglas-fir seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Thies ◽  
E. E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Eight treatments involving stump removal by bulldozing in combination with nitrogen fertilization were applied to 0.04-ha circular plots in a clear-cut on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Treatments included stump removal (either all stumps removed or the plot left undisturbed) and broadcast fertilization with ammonium nitrate (0, 336, 672, or 1345 kg N ha−1). Diameter at breast height and height of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings, planted several months after treatment, were recorded five and eight seasons after outplanting. The results showed that either bulldozing stumps from the site or fertilizing with ammonium nitrate increased growth of seedlings through their eighth growing season. After eight growing seasons, bulldozing had increased seedling height by 23% and diameter at breast height by 43%; fertilizing produced increases of 13% in height and 17% in diameter at breast height.

scholarly journals Results of 20 years old Douglas-fir provenance experiment established on the northern slopes of Rila Mountain in Bulgaria

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Stock Volume ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

The purpose of this study is to facilitate the detection of provenances relevant to the reforestation practice in Bulgaria. Studies were carried out in a Douglas-fir provenance trial plantation established at an altitude of 800 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of Rila Mountain. To establish the productivity, assess the stands and rank provenances biometric procedures, methods of descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used. The diameter at breast height, average height, dominant height, total growing stock volume, assortment timber structure and survival of trees were analyzed in the stands of 55 Douglas-fir provenances. The provenances were characterized in terms of productivity of forest stands at 20 years of age and their ability to produce high quality timber was evaluated. Provenances: Newhalem No. 4 (Seed zone 402), Darrington No. 7 (Seed zone 403), Parkdale No. 19 (Seed zone 661) and Idanha No. 29 (Seed zone 452) have been recommended. Among the recommended provenances are those with growing stock volume with branches from 296 to 354 m<sup>3</sup>&middot;ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup>, mean annual increment from 14.8 to 17.7 m<sup>3</sup>&middot;ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> and dominant heights of up to 17.9 m. &nbsp;

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