Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types in the Miniature Pig and the Effect of Training

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 825-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Fitts ◽  
F. J. Nagle ◽  
R. G. Cassens
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Histochemistry ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Miniature Pig ◽  
Fast Red ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution ◽  
White Fiber

The fiber types present in miniature pig skeletal muscle were determined with enzyme histochemical techniques. Three distinct fiber types were found: a fast white fiber, a fast intermediate fiber, and a slow red fiber. The fiber types found in miniature pig (large mammal) skeletal muscle were different from those in rat (rodent) skeletal muscle where the fiber types are classified as fast white, slow intermediate, and fast red. The fiber type distribution in miniature pig skeletal muscle was not altered by either an endurance or sprint running program, despite physiologically measurable training effects. It is concluded that enzyme histochemistry is a good qualitative tool for assessing the fiber types present in a muscle but lacks the sensitivity to measure or quantitate changes due to training.

Blood flow to different skeletal muscle fiber types during contraction

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. H265-H275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Mackie ◽  
R. L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Fast Twitch

Blood flow to fast-twitch red (FTR), fast-twitch white (FTW), and slow-twitch red (STR) muscle fiber sections of the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle group was determined using 15 +/- 3-microns microspheres during in situ stimulation in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Steady-state blood flows were assessed during the 10th min of contraction using twitch (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 Hz) and tetanic (7.5, 15, 30, 60, and 120/min) stimulation conditions. In addition, an earlier blood flow determination was begun at 3 min (twitch series) or at 30 s (tetanic series) of stimulation. Blood flow was highest in the FTR (220-240 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1), intermediate in the STR (140), and lowest in the FTW (70-80) section during tetanic contraction conditions estimated to coincide with the peak aerobic function of each fiber type. These blood flows are fairly proportional to the differences in oxidative capacity among fiber types. Further, their absolute values are similar to those predicted from the relationship between blood flow and oxidative capacity found by others for dog and cat muscles. During low-frequency contraction conditions, initial blood flow to the FTR and STR sections were excessively high and not dependent on contraction frequency. However, blood flows subsequently decreased to values in keeping with the relative energy demands. In contrast, FTW muscle did not exhibit this time-dependent relative hyperemia. Thus, besides the obvious quantitative differences between skeletal muscle fiber types, there are qualitative differences in blood flow response during contractions. Our findings establish that, based on fiber type composition, a heterogeneity in blood flow distribution can occur within a whole muscle during contraction.

Human Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types: Delineation, Development, and Distribution

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Staron
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Human Limb

This brief review attempts to summarize a number of studies on the delineation, development, and distribution of human skeletal muscle fiber types. A total of seven fiber types can be identified in human limb and trunk musculature based on the pH stability/ability of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase). For most human muscles, mATPase-based fiber types correlate with the myosin heavy chain (MHC) content. Thus, each histochemically identified fiber has a specific MHC profile. Although this categorization is useful, it must be realized that muscle fibers are highly adaptable and that innumerable fiber type transients exist. Also, some muscles contain specific MHC isoforms and/or combinations that do not permit routine mATPase-based fiber typing. Although the major populations of fast and slow are, for the most part, established shortly after birth, subtle alterations take place throughout life. These changes appear to relate to alterations in activity and/or hormonal levels, and perhaps later in life, total fiber number. Because large variations in fiber type distribution can be found within a muscle and between individuals, interpretation of data gathered from human muscle is often difficult. Key words: aging, myosin heavy chains, myogenesis, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphate

scholarly journals High-Throughput Muscle Fiber Typing From RNA Sequencing Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Oskolkov ◽  
Malgorzata Santel ◽  
Ola Ekström ◽  
Gray J. Camp ◽  
Eri Miyamoto-Mikami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution

Abstract BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle fiber type distribution has implications for human health, muscle function and performance. This knowledge has been gathered using labor-intensive and costly methodology that limited these studies. Here we present a method based on muscle tissue RNA sequencing data (totRNAseq) to estimate the distribution of skeletal muscle fiber types from frozen human samples, allowing for a larger number of individuals to be tested.METHODS: By using single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) data as a reference, cluster expression signatures were produced by averaging gene expression of cluster gene markers and then applying these to totRNAseq data and inferring muscle fiber nuclei type via linear matrix decomposition. This estimate was then compared with fiber type distribution measured by ATPase staining or myosin heavy chain protein isoform distribution of 62 muscle samples in two independent cohorts (n = 39 and 22).RESULTS: The correlation between the sequencing-based method and the other two were rATPas = 0.65 [0.46 – 0.84], [95% CI] and rmyosin = 0.80 [0.71 – 0.89], with p = 7.96 x 10-6 and 8.06 x 10-6 respectively. The deconvolution inference of fiber type composition was accurate even for very low totRNAseq sequencing depths, i.e., down to an average of ~5.000 paired-end reads.CONCLUSIONS: This new method (https://github.com/OlaHanssonLab/PredictFiberType) consequently allows for measurement of fiber type distribution of a larger number of samples using totRNAseq in a cost and labor-efficient way. For the first time, it is now feasible to study the association between fiber type distribution and e.g. health outcomes in large well-powered studies.

An introductory biology lab that uses enzyme histochemistry to teach students about skeletal muscle fiber types

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Sweeney ◽  
Peter D. Brodfuehrer ◽  
Beth L. Raughley
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Histochemistry ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Introductory Biology ◽  
Laboratory Experiences ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Biology Lab

One important goal of introductory biology laboratory experiences is to engage students directly in all steps in the process of scientific discovery. Even when laboratory experiences are built on principles discussed in the classroom, students often do not adequately apply this background to interpretation of results they obtain in lab. This disconnect has been described at the level of medical education ( 4 ), so it should not be surprising that educators have struggled with this same phenomenon at the undergraduate level. We describe a new introductory biology lab that challenges students to make these connections. The lab utilizes enzyme histochemistry and morphological observations to draw conclusions about the composition of functionally different types of muscle fibers present in skeletal muscle. We report that students were not only successful at making these observations on a specific skeletal muscle, the gastrocnemius of the frog Rana pipiens, but that they were able to connect their results to the principles of fiber type differences that exist in skeletal muscles in all vertebrates.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle fiber size and fiber type distribution in human cancer: Effects of weight loss and relationship to physical function

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Toth ◽  
Damien M. Callahan ◽  
Mark S. Miller ◽  
Timothy W. Tourville ◽  
Sarah B. Hackett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution

scholarly journals Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Different Types of Broiler Skeletal Muscle Fibers Using the RNA-seq Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Zhonghao Shen ◽  
Xiaolong Zhou ◽  
Songbai Yang ◽  
Feifei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Rna Seq

The difference in muscle fiber types is very important to the muscle development and meat quality of broilers. At present, the molecular regulation mechanisms of skeletal muscle fiber-type transformation in broilers are still unclear. In this study, differentially expressed genes between breast and leg muscles in broilers were analyzed using RNA-seq. A total of 767 DEGs were identified. Compared with leg muscle, there were 429 upregulated genes and 338 downregulated genes in breast muscle. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in cellular processes, single organism processes, cells, and cellular components, as well as binding and catalytic activity. KEGG analysis shows that a total of 230 DEGs were mapped to 126 KEGG pathways and significantly enriched in the four pathways of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, insulin signalling pathways, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the differential expression of 7 selected DEGs, and the results were consistent with RNA-seq data. In addition, the expression profile of MyHC isoforms in chicken skeletal muscle cells showed that with the extension of differentiation time, the expression of fast fiber subunits (types IIA and IIB) gradually increased, while slow muscle fiber subunits (type I) showed a downward trend after 4 days of differentiation. The differential genes screened in this study will provide some new ideas for further understanding the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle fiber transformation in broilers.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the Mitochondrial T3 Receptor p43 Induces a Shift in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Casas ◽  
Laurence Pessemesse ◽  
Stéphanie Grandemange ◽  
Pascal Seyer ◽  
Naïg Gueguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types
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