Effect of parathyroid hormone on renal excretion of sodium and hydrogen ions

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Hermkens ◽  
Tewfik Nawar ◽  
Claude Caron ◽  
Gerard E. Plante
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Right

The contribution of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to the renal adjustment of phosphate transport has been extensively investigated, whereas the action of this hormone on bicarbonate and hydrogen excretion has not received as much attention.Nineteen dogs were studied before and during a 2-h infusion of PTH in the left renal artery (8 mU/min per kilogram) under slight expansion of extracellular volume (fractional sodium excretion = U/FNa = 3.8 ± 0.3%). Group I (n = 7) was studied under normal acid–base condition while group II (n = 6) was studied during metabolic acidosis. Bicarbonate titration curves were obtained from group III (n = 6) in which the right kidney was used as control. In all studies, plasma pCO2 was kept constant.[Formula: see text] rose from 4.2 ± 1.1 to 15.6 ± 3.0% and from 3.8 ± 0.4 to 25.0 ± 3.5% in groups I and II, respectively. U/FNa was unchanged in both groups. [Formula: see text] rose from 5.8 ± 0.6 to 10.1 ± 0.7% in group I but remained at 1.0 ± 0.2% in group II during PTH. Urinary titratable acid and ammonium were not influenced by PTH in group II. In group III, plasma HCO3 was progressively increased from 15 to 40 mM/litre. For all plasma values exceeding 22 mM/litre, HCO3 reabsorption was 1 mM/litre of filtrate lower in the left than in the right kidney. Glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow remained constant during PTH.The results indicate that PTH affects sodium and hydrogen excretion in a very modest fashion. Bicarbonaturia obtains whenever plasma HCO3 exceeds 22 mM/litre during PTH. This phenomenon is associated with a demonstrable reduction in tubular HCO3 reabsorption per unit of filtrate.

Urinary sodium, phosphate, and hydrogen excretion following unilateral kidney clamping

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard E. Plante ◽  
Hubert Hermkens
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Ammonium Excretion ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The influence of extracellular volume on compensatory adaptation of sodium, phosphate, and hydrogen excretion after unilateral kidney exclusion was examined in the dog. Ammonium chloride was administered to all animals to raise urinary hydrogen excretion. Eleven dogs (group I) were studied under relative hydropenia and 11 (group II) were volume expanded with isotonic NaCl. Six animals (group III) prepared as group II were sham operated.In groups I and II, plasma bicarbonate decreased by 1.1 and 1.2 mM/ℓ after unilateral kidney clamping, while serum phosphate rose from 5.3 to 6.1 and from 3.6 to 3.9 mg%, respectively. The following parameters are those obtained from the left kidney before and after contralateral clamping. Urinary sodium remained unchanged after clamping in group I but rose from 422 to 681 μequiv./min in group II. In contrast, urinary phosphate increased from 83 to 233 and from 94 to 189 μg/min in groups I and II, respectively.Measured titratable acid and urinary ammonium excretion remained unchanged in group I. A small but significant decrement in ammonium was obtained with time in group II. Glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow were not influenced by contralateral clamping, but filtration fraction was lower in group II than in group I. No change occurred in group III.Extracellular volume appears to play a critical role in the physiological expression of contralateral natriuresis after unilateral clamping whereas compensatory phosphaturia is obtained in both hydropenic and volume-expanded animals.

Effect of renal vein pressure on urinary sodium and bicarbonate ions

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jobin ◽  
R. Hemmings ◽  
G. E. Plante
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Bicarbonate Transport ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of renal vein pressure on sodium and bicarbonate transport under two opposite conditions of bicarbonate filtered loads. Unilateral partial occlusion of the renal vein (RVO) was induced in 17 mongrel dogs: renal vein pressure rose from 9 to 20, 25, and 30 mmHg in a stepwise fashion. Seven of these animals (group I) were studied during bicarbonate loading [Formula: see text] and six others (group II) were studied during metabolic acidosis, induced with ammonium chloride [Formula: see text]. In the four remaining dogs (group III), administered bicarbonate in the manner described for group I, acetazolamide was given in a bolus and sustained infusion to inhibit the carbonic-anhydrase-mediated fraction of bicarbonate reabsorption while renal vein pressure was being kept at 30 mmHg. Plasma pCO2 was maintained at constant levels in all studies.In group I, urinary sodium (UNaV) decreased from 203 ± 32 to 110 ± 17 μEquiv./min, and bicarbonaturia [Formula: see text] from 131 ± 21 to 79 ± 18 μEquiv./min during RVO. In group II, UNaV) dropped from 132 ± 32 to 81 ± 20 μEquiv./min while [Formula: see text] remained at 2 μEquiv./min. Urinary ammonium and titratable acid decreased from 12.6 ± 1.7 to 8.7 ± 1.2 and from 8.0 ± 1.6 to 5.5 ± 1.1 μEquiv./min, respectively, during RVO. In group III, UNaV averaged 208 ± 42, 132 ± 29, and 203 ± 37 μEquiv./min during control, RVO, and RVO plus acetazolamide, respectively. During these same periods, [Formula: see text] was 144 ± 22, 72 ± 23, and 155 ± 30 μEquiv./min. All the above changes observed in the experimental kidney were significant (p < 0.05). In contrast, the same parameters measured in the opposite control kidney remained unaffected. Glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow remained stable in group I but decreased slightly in groups II and III. Filtration fraction was unaffected, however.The data indicate that RVO influences Na and HCO3 excretion through mechanisms not obviously related to peritubular physical forces. Since acetazolamide abolishes the effect of RVO, the mechanism(s) of antinatriuresis could be related to renal carbonic anhydrase activity.

Atrioventricular responses of canine heart following chronic unilateral vagotomy

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. H394-H401 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Priola ◽  
C. Anagnostelis ◽  
C. Sanchez-Wilson ◽  
T. M. Blomquist
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Right ◽  
Inotropic Responses ◽  
Intrinsic Cardiac Nerves

The intrinsic cardiac nerves (ICN) have been shown to develop supersensitivity to nicotine (NIC) following complete extrinsic cardiac denervation. The present experiments were performed to delineate the pattern of ICN distribution in the heart by examining the pattern of NIC supersensitivity after unilateral vagotomy (VGX). Thirty-eight dogs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and inotropy evaluated by means of isovolumic pressures from fluid-filled balloons placed in the atria and ventricles. The animals were divided into three groups: group I, sham-operated controls; group II, animals studied 1–2 wk after VGX; and group III, animals studied 8–12 wk after VGX. Chronotropic and inotropic responses were evaluated in terms of NIC and acetylcholine (ACh) dose-response curves as well as frequency-response curves to stimulation of the intact vagus nerve (0.5–30 Hz). No change in NIC sensitivity was observed in group II, and vagal frequency-response curves were identical to group I. In group III dogs, both the right atrium and right ventricle showed significant increases in NIC sensitivity after left vagotomy. All group III animals showed right-shifted frequency-response curves. We conclude that nicotinic supersensitivity of the ICN and inotropic unresponsiveness to vagal stimulation occur but are slow in developing (70–130 days); and preganglionic sprouting does not appear to play a functional role in the adjustment of cardiac control mechanisms to unilateral vagotomy.

scholarly journals The influence of acute and chronic hypercalcemia on the parathyroid hormone response to hypocalcemia in rabbits

2002 ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bas ◽  
E Aguilera-Tejero ◽  
JC Estepa ◽  
B Garfia ◽  
I Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Surgical Reduction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Acute Hypercalcemia ◽  
Stimulation Of

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of acute and chronic hypercalcemia on the parathyroid hormone (PTH) response to hypocalcemia. DESIGN: The PTH response to hypocalcemia has been evaluated in three groups of rabbits: Group I, normal rabbits, Group II, normal rabbits subjected to an acute hypercalcemic clamp (induced by CaCl(2) infusion) and Group III, rabbits with chronic hypercalcemia (due to surgical reduction of renal mass). RESULTS: In Group I (baseline Ca(2+)=1.69+/-0.02 mM), hypocalcemia resulted in stimulation of PTH secretion which reached a maximum (PTHmax) of 91.7+/-6.4 pg/ml. In rabbits from Group II, which also had normal baseline Ca(2+) (1.70+/-0.02 mM), plasma Ca(2+) was maintained at an elevated level for 2 h, at around 2.05 mM. The PTH response to hypocalcemia in Group II was attenuated and the PTHmax in these rabbits was 45.6+/-7.4 pg/ml. In rabbits from Group III, baseline Ca(2+) was elevated (2.06+/-0.06 mM) for 1 month. The PTH response to hypocalcemia in Group III was esentially the same as in Group I and PTHmax reached levels of 94.8+/-9.9 pg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: A difference in PTH response to hypocalcemia has been found in rabbits after exposure to either acute or chronic hypercalcemia. After acute hypercalcemia, an attenuated PTH response to hypocalcemia has been identified. Chronic hypercalcemia, however, did not influence the PTH response to hypocalcemia.

scholarly journals A Study to Evaluate and Compare Right and Left Condylar Discrepancy between Centric Relation and Maximum Intercuspation in Three Age Groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Chetan Hegde ◽  
Swapnil Mahade ◽  
Krishna Prasad D.
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Orientation Relation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Centric Relation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Right

<strong><em>Background</em>:</strong>Since discrepancy between centric relation and maximum intercuspation has been an area of interest for dental fraternity for decades, the study was conducted to expand the concepts of the same when age is taken into consideration.<p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study was conducted to assess and measure the discrepancy between centric relation (CR) and maximum intercuspation (MI) at right and left condyles in three age groups, compare the discrepancy at right and left condyles between three age groups and right and left side condyles within the same age group.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Sixty healthy subjects were selected and divided into three groups of twenty subjects each. Group I: 18-25 years, Group II: 30-45 years and Group III: more than fifty years. Preliminary impressions were made. Orientation relation was transferred to a semi-adjustable arcon articulator. Subjects were guided into centric relation using Dawson's bimanual manipulation technique and centric interocclusal record was made. The mandibular cast was related to the maxillary cast using centric interocclusal record. The casts were then allowed to fall into maximum intercuspation and the distance that the condylar analogues had moved was measured using Feeler gauge.</p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> The mean CR-MI discrepancy in Group I was 0.417±0.137 mm and 0.364±0.123 mm, Group II was 0.528±0.160 mm and 0.512±0.158 mm and Group III was 0.873±0.228 mm and 0.815±0.172 mm at the right and left condyles respectively.</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> Within the limitations of the study it was concluded that all the sixty subjects had a CR-MI discrepancy in both left and right condyles. The variation in discrepancy between the three age groups was found to be very highly significant.</p>

scholarly journals Osseointegration of Ti-30Ta Implants without Primary Stability: Effect of Tranexamic Acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Rosifini Alves Rezende ◽  
Bruna Cabrera Capalbo ◽  
Mario Jefferson Quirino Louzada ◽  
André Luiz Reis Rangel ◽  
Luciano Ângelo Cintra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cp Ti

A large clot formed between the inside of the bony wall of the extraction socket and the immediate implant surface may have premature breakdown . Tranexamic acid (TXA) is fibrinolysis inhibitor and an analog of the amino acid lysine. In this paper the influence of tranexamic acid on the osseointegration of Ti-30Ta implants without primary stability was investigated. Were fabricated 32 implants of CP Titanium Grade 4 and 32 implants of Ti-30Ta alloy with dimensions of 2.1 x 2.8mm Ø. Bone defects of 2.5x3.2 mm Ø were created in right tibia of 64 Wistar male-rats using a small round bur. They were divided (n=16) into: Group I (CP-Ti machined implant), Group II (CP-Ti machined implant/ tranexamic acid), Group III (Ti-30Ta implant) and Group IV (Ti-30Ta implant/ tranexamic acid). The surgical defects of the Group II and Group IV were bathed with 20 ml of the tranexamic acid solution. The animals were euthanized at 45 days postoperative. In the right tibia of half each group (8 animals/8 tibiae) the maximum torque value necessary for manual removal of each implant was measured in Newton centimeters (Ncm). The right tibia of other half each group was subjected to non-decalcified histology processing (Stevenel's blue/Alizarin red). Data were analyzed statistically (Kruskal-Wallis Analyses) and demonstrated significant differences (P<0.05) among groups. The values of group I were significantly lower than group III and IV, but without significant difference than group II both removal torque and peri-implant bone healing. The results suggest that: a) peri-implant bone formation occurred more rapidly around the Ti-30Ta implant; b) tranexamic acid favored the stabilization of blood clot and bone formation around Ti-30Ta implants and not influenced bone formation around Ti-CP implants.

Effect of defibrinogenation on lung water accumulation after pulmonary microembolism in dogs

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Johnson ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Extravascular Lung Water ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Right

We determined the effects of chronic fibrinogen depletion on the development of pulmonary edema after pulmonary microembolization. Dogs were defibrinogenated with a purified fraction of Malayan pitviper venom (ancrod). Studies were made in four groups: control untreated (group I); emboli untreated (group II); control defibrinogenated (group III); and emboli defibrinogenated (group IV). Fibrinogen decreased (P < 0.05) from 570.6 +/- 100.9 to 5.3 +/- 3.1 mg/100 ml in the ancrod-treated groups. Pulmonary arterial pressure was increased to similar levels in both embolized groups after infusion of 100-mug-diam nonsiliconized glass beads into the right atrium. Pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary perfusion pressure were initially increased to similar levels in both embolized groups, but by 75 min postembolization (PE) both parameters were higher (P < 0.05) in the defibrinogenated group. The extravascular lung water-to-bloodless dry lung ratio at 75 min PE of 4.53 +/- 0.24 in group II was greater than the control value of 2.84 +/- 0.22 in group I (P < 0.05). In contrast, the extravascular lung water-to-bloodless dry lung ratio of 3.64 +/- 0.09 in group IV was not different from the control value of 3.38 +/- 0.04 in group III, but was less than 4.53 +/- 0.24 in group II (P < 0.05). Therefore, chronic defibrinogenation in dogs prevented the development of pulmonary edema after pulmonary microembolization. The protective effect may be due to inhibition of the increase in lung vascular permeability and to a time-dependent reduction in pulmonary microvascular pressure.

scholarly journals Influence of arterial hypertension treated with losartan on skin healing in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes Pessole Biondo-Simões ◽  
Ana Denise Zazula ◽  
Ariana Braga Gomes ◽  
Caroline Poncio ◽  
Luiz Fernando Bleggi Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Type I ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Skin Healing

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of Losartan in skin healing repair. METHODS: One hundred and eleven male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups, at random. Group I (n=31) underwent a laparotomy to induce hypertension by stenosis of the left renal artery, and 48 hours later it received Losartan (10 mg/Kg) daily. Group II (n=30) went through the same procedure and received isotonic saline solution. Group III (n=30) underwent a simulated laparotomy. Group IV (n=20) to confirm the induced hypertension method. Ketamine and Xylazin anesthesia was used in every painful/stressful procedure. After 15 days, skin healing repair was studied by a dorsal midline skin incision and second layer-skin incision in groups I, II and III, that was sutured in one layer with 4-0 nylon suture. Samples of the dorsal wall scar were taken 4, 7 and 14 days after the last procedure, and sent to strength and displacement analysis and histological preparation. RESULTS: By the 4th and 7th days of the analysis, group II scars showed to be less resistant than group III scars (p<0,05). The total amount of collagen was higher in group III on the three studied periods. The percentage occupied by total collagen in the wound area, on the 14th day, was lower in group I, due to its lower percentage of type I collagen CONCLUSION: Scars treated with Losartan were initially less resistant and had a lower collagen deposition.

scholarly journals Mid-Term Outcomes of Primary Hip Replacement in Patients with End-Stage Chronic Renal Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
A. N. Tsed ◽  
A. K. Dulaev ◽  
N. E. Mushtin ◽  
K. G. Iliushchenko ◽  
A. V. Shmelev
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Primary Hip Replacement

Purpose — to evaluate mid-term outcomes of primary hip replacement in patients with end-stage chronic renal disease and to develop an algorithm for selection of surgical tactics and perioperative treatment.Materials and Methods. The authors evaluated outcomes of primary hip replacement in 45 patients receiving renal substitution therapy and 47 patients without chronic renal disease. Patients with end-stage chronic renal disease (CRD) were divided into two groups: group I included 30 (66.6%) patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (CH) and group II included 15 (33.4%) patients after renal transplantation (RT). Group III of 47 (51.1%) patients without any signs of CRD who underwent hip arthroplasty within relevant period of time was established to evaluate the effectiveness of primary hip replacement. Blood serum Ca2+ and P5+ levels as well as levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured to determine the rate of calcium- phosphoric metabolism disturbance. Multi-spiral CT scans of hip joint were performed to identify bone mineral density and the mean Hounsfield (Hu) value was calculated for which the data was obtained from five various points on the proximal femur and acetabulum. Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) blood test was performed to confirm amyloid bone disease.Results. The authors did not observe statistically significant differences for arthroplasty outcomes in patients of group II and III. Patients receiving long-term hemodialysis demonstrated significantly lower parameters of Harris score and Barthel’s index of social adaptation after hip replacement as compared to groups II and III: patients of group I demonstrated outcomes improvement at 19.55%, in group II — at 13.03%, in group III — at 10.15% as compared to preoperative status. Decrease of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D below 20,0 mcg results in resorption of cancellous bone in proximal femur and acetabulum along with myopathy of gluteus muscles. Sharp increase of parathyroid hormone level (over 600 pcg/ml) was accompanied by inhibition of osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation resulting in substantial impairment of mineralization.Conclusion. According to the algorithm suggested by the authors the key parameters that need to be evaluated in preoperative period are parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Five-fold increase of PTH (>600 pcg/ml) demands parathyroidectomy as the first stage of treatment to decrease risk of early aseptic loosening of hip prosthesis and development of periprosthetic fracture.

scholarly journals The Role of Partograph in the Outcome of Spontaneous Labor

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Sanyal ◽  
S Goswami ◽  
P Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Active Phase ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
One Year ◽  
Labour Room ◽  
The Right

Aims: The objective of the paper is to study the role of partogram in the outcome of spontaneous labour in primigravidae at term with singleton pregnancy and vertex as the presenting part. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the labour room of the department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, over a period of one year i.e. from June 2011 to May 2012 after obtaining approval from the institutional ethical committee. Analysis of the progress of labour was done in five hundred women with the help of modified WHO partograph. The study population was divided into three groups. Group I had a total observed duration of active stage six hours or less and their cervicograph remained on or to the left of the alert line. Group II had total observed duration of active phase between more than six hours and less than ten hours and their cervicograph remained between the alert and action line. Group III, who had the duration of observed active phase more than 10 hours, had their cervicograph crossing the action line. The different types of abnormal labor were studied. The maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed. Results: 80.8% of the women belonged to group I, 15.2% to group II and 4% to group III. Surgical interference increased as the labour curve moved to the right of the alert line. Use of partogram helped in overall reduction in the duration of labour. Timely intervention reduced the incidence of prolonged labour and its sequelae. 19.2% of the women showed abnormal labour . Severe complications were successfully averted. There were no cases of maternal death, puerperal sepsis, ruptured uterus or fresh still births. Overall neonatal mortality rate was also reduced. Conclusions: The use of modified WHO partograph significantly improves the outcome of labour in both maternal & neonatal perspective. The WHO partograph should be used in all maternity units with incorporated management guidelines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i1.11189 NJOG 2014 Jan-Jun; 2(1):52-57

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