Effects of habitat fragmentation on population genetic structure in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A Mossman ◽  
Peter M Waser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
White Footed Mouse

Habitat fragmentation may have significant consequences for population genetic structure because geographic distance and physical barriers may impede gene flow. In this study, we investigated whether habitat fragmentation affects fine-scale genetic structure of populations of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). We studied 27 populations of P. leucopus, 17 in continuous forest and 10 in isolated woodlots. Populations were trapped in pairs that were either 500 or 2000 m apart. We estimated genetic variation at eight P. leucopus specific microsatellite DNA loci. We discovered significant genetic variation within all populations, but no significant differences in numbers of alleles or heterozygosity between populations. For given population pairs, we found significant genetic differentiation even at very short distances, based on multilocus FST estimates. The amount of genetic differentiation between population pairs was similar in the two habitats. Distance had a marginal effect on genetic differentiation when comparing paired populations separated by 2000 m with those separated by 500 m. However, at a larger geographic scale, there was no evidence of isolation by distance. This study confirms that microsatellite-based studies have the potential to detect interpopulation differentiation at an extremely local scale, and suggests that habitat fragmentation has surprisingly few effects on P. leucopus genetic structure.

Significant genetic differences among Heterodera schachtii populations within and among sugar beet production areas

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Haj Nuaima ◽  
Johannes Roeb ◽  
Johannes Hallmann ◽  
Matthias Daub ◽  
Holger Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Neutral Genetic Variation ◽  
Production Areas

Summary Characterising the non-neutral genetic variation within and among populations of plant-parasitic nematodes is essential to determine factors shaping the population genetic structure. This study describes the genetic variation of the parasitism gene vap1 within and among geographic populations of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Forty populations of H. schachtii were sampled at four spatial scales: 695 km, 49 km, 3.1 km and 0.24 km. DGGE fingerprinting showed significant differences in vap1 patterns among populations. High similarity of vap1 patterns appeared between geographically close populations, and occasionally among distant populations. Analysis of spatially sampled populations within fields revealed an effect of tillage direction on the vap1 similarity for two of four studied fields. Overall, geographic distance and similarity of vap1 patterns of H. schachtii populations were negatively correlated. In conclusion, the population genetic structure was shaped by the interplay between the genetic adaptation and the passive transport of this nematode.

scholarly journals Absence of Population Genetic Structure Among Breeding Colonies of the Waved Albatross

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn P. Huyvaert ◽  
Patricia G. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Phoebastria Irrorata ◽  
Waved Albatrosses

Abstract We used four variable microsatellite loci to examine the distribution of genetic variation and degree of genetic structuring among three subcolonies of Waved Albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata). The breeding population of this species is almost entirely limited to the island of Española in the Galápagos Archipelago. Such strong philopatry could lead to population genetic structure among subcolonies on the island. Pairwise values of the FST analog, θ, calculated from microsatellite genotypes, were all less than 0.012, indicating little genetic differentiation and the presence of gene flow throughout the population.

scholarly journals Population structure of Opisthorchis felineus (Trematoda) and its second intermediate hosts — cyprinid fishes in the Ob-Irtysh focus of opisthorchiasis, based on allozyme data

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zhigileva ◽  
V. Ozhireľev ◽  
T. Stepanova ◽  
T. Moiseenko
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Opisthorchis Felineus ◽  
Cyprinid Fishes ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractGenetic variability of West Siberian populations of Opisthorchis felineus and two species of cyprinid fish, its second intermediate hosts, was studied by isozyme analysis. Low levels of allozyme variation and genetic differentiation in O. felineus from the Ob-Irtysh focus of opisthorchiasis were detected. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 21.1 %, the average observed heterozygosity (Hobs) was 0.008, and expected heterozygosity (Hexp) was 0.052. For most loci in O. felineus deficit of heterozygotes (FIS = 0.7424) was observed. A comparison of population genetic structure of fish and parasites showed they were not congruent. Estimates of genetic differentiation of the parasite were smaller than for the fish — its intermediate host. Migration and population structure of the second intermediate hosts do not play an important role in formation of the population-genetic structure of O. felineus in the Ob-Irtysh focus of opisthorchiasis.

scholarly journals An investigation of the population genetic structure of pollack (Pollachius pollachius) based on microsatellite markers

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1705-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Charrier ◽  
Jean-Dominique Durand ◽  
Louis Quiniou ◽  
Jean Laroche
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Passive Drift ◽  
Oceanic Currents

Abstract In order to explore the population genetic structure of pollack (Pollachius pollachius) along the European coast, of 282 fish sampled from four locations along the Atlantic French coast and from one location off southern Norway were genotyped at six microsatellite loci. The limited genetic differentiation among samples may be due to high levels of larval dispersal, through passive drift with oceanic currents. Alternatively, populations may have diverged too recently for significant genetic differentiation to have become evident. Furthermore, small sample sizes and the limited number of loci may have hampered the detection of genetic structure. Nevertheless, a weak but significant genetic differentiation was detected between samples originating from the western English Channel and the Bay of Biscay.

Population genetic structure of the Gulf of St. Lawrence aster, Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Asteraceae), a threatened coastal endemic

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Heard ◽  
Linley K. Jesson ◽  
Kirby Tulk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Magdalen Islands

The Gulf of St. Lawrence aster ( Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Fernald) G.L. Nesom) is an endemic annual of saline habitats in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is listed as a threatened species, and has recently experienced population declines in much of its range. We used 11 allozyme markers to assay population genetic variation in six wild populations of S. laurentianum from the Magdalen Islands, Quebec (QC), the only remaining wild population from Prince Edward Island National Park (PEI), and a greenhouse population founded in 1999 with seed collected from PEI. Symphyotrichum laurentianum harbours moderate genetic diversity (Ps = 0.36, As = 1.54), with only modest spatial genetic structure (pairwise FST < 0.15) and no significant isolation by distance. The PEI population had greatly reduced allelic diversity compared with the populations from the Magdalen Islands, which likely act as a reservoir of genetic variation in S. laurentianum. Recent loss of alleles during population decline in PEI is suggested by the retention of greater allelic diversity in the greenhouse population. Estimates of breeding structure suggest small but nonzero rates of outcross pollination (FIS = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.48–0.97; outcrossing rate ∼16%). Population genetic structure in S. laurentianum can inform those forming and carrying out conservation and recovery plans for this threatened species.

Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure in the Rare Chittering Grass Wattle, Acacia anomala Court

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Coates
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Vegetative Multiplication ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Allozyme Loci

There are 10 known populations of Acacia anomala occurring in two small disjunct groups some 30 km apart. The Chittering populations reproduce sexually whereas the Kalamunda populations appear to reproduce almost exclusively by vegetative multiplication. The level and distribution of genetic variation were studied at 15 allozyme loci. Two loci were monomorphic in all populations. In the Chittering populations the mean number of alleles per locus was 2.0 and the expected panmictic heterozygosity (genetic diversity) 0.209. In the Kalamunda populations the mean number of alleles per locus was 1.15 and the expected panmictic heterozygosity 0.079, although the observed heterozygosity of 0.150 was only marginally less than the Chittering populations (0.177). These data support the contention that the Chittering populations are primarily outcrossing whereas the Kalamunda populations are clonal, with each population consisting of individuals with identical and, in three of the four populations, heterozygous, multilocus genotypes. The level of genetic diversity within the Chittering populations is high for plants in general even though most populations are relatively smsll and isolated. It is proposed that either the length of time these populations have been reduced in size and isolated is insufficient for genetic diversity to be reduced or the genetic system of this species is adapted to small population conditions. Strategies for the adequate conservation of the genetic resources of Acacia anomala are discussed.

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