Phylogeny of the species of the superfamily Echeneoidea (Perciformes: Carangoidei: Echeneidae, Rachycentridae, and Coryphaenidae), with an interpretation of echeneid hitchhiking behaviour

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Parsimonious Tree ◽  
Pelagic Environment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Schooling Behaviour ◽  
Family Based

A phylogenetic analysis, based on 138 putatively informative characters, of the 11 species of the superfamily Echeneoidea (Echeneidae, Rachycentridae, and Coryphaenidae) resulted in a single most parsimonious tree. This tree strongly supports the monophyly of the superfamily with the following relationships: Coryphaenidae + (Rachycentridae + (Phtheirichthys lineatus + ((Echeneis naucrates + Echeneis neucratoides) + (Remora brachyptera + (Remora remora + (Remora australis + (Remora osteochir + Remora albescens))))))). One of the traditional subfamilies, Echeneiinae, and one of the traditional genera, Remora, were both found to be paraphyletic. A new classification of the family based on natural groupings eliminated the subfamilial designations and subsumed the genus Remorina under the genus Remora, rendering it monophyletic. An examination of the behavioural data resulted in the hypothesis of a gradual step-by-step development of "hitchhiking" behaviour from general schooling behaviour (outgroups) to attaching to a select few types of hosts in the pelagic environment (as exhibited by R. osteochir).

Phylogenetic relationships and a new classification of the family Cyclopteridae (Perciformes: Cottoidei)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4221 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANAMI OKU ◽  
HISASHI IMAMURA ◽  
MAMORU YABE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dorsal Process ◽  
Transformation Series

 Phylogenetic relationships of the family Cyclopteridae were reconstructed based on osteological and external characters.  The monophyly of the family was strongly supported by 47 commonly recognized synapomorphies, including six autapomorphies (plus one additional autapomorphy, presence of a dorsal process on the pelvis, recognized after the phylogenetic analysis) among the suborder Cottoidei.  As a result of the cladistic analysis, a single most parsimonious phylogeny was obtained, based on characters in 32 transformation series.  A new classification of Cyclopteridae based on reconstructed relationships, including three subfamilies [Liparopsinae, Cyclopterinae and Eumicrotreminae (newly established)] and four genera (Aptocyclus, Cyclopsis, Cyclopterus and Eumicrotremus), is proposed.    

scholarly journals A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (01-02) ◽  
pp. 23-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Karasawa ◽  
Carrie E. Schweitzer
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Family Status ◽  
New Classification ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level

A phylogenetic analysis was conducted including representatives from all recognized extant and extinct families of the Xanthoidea sensu lato, resulting in one new family, Hypothalassiidae. Four xanthoid families are elevated to superfamily status, resulting in Carpilioidea, Pilumnoidoidea, Eriphioidea, Progeryonoidea, and Goneplacoidea, and numerous subfamilies are elevated to family status. The Mathildellidae is moved from the Goneplacidae to the Portunoidea. Diagnoses for all superfamilies and families discussed herein are provided, embracing characters typically used by biologists as well as readily fossilized features of the dorsal carapace, sternum, abdomen, and chelipeds. All genera known from the fossil record at one time referred to the Xanthidae sensu lato, Xanthoidea sensu lato, or Goneplacidae sensu latowere evaluated as to their family level placement and as a result, the family-level placement of many of these genera has been changed herein. Balcacarcinusnew substitute name, is provided herein for BittneriaSchweitzer and Karasawa, 2004.

scholarly journals Extensive Phylogenetic Analysis of Piscine Orthoreovirus Genomic Sequences Shows the Robustness of Subgenotype Classification

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Marcos Godoy ◽  
Daniel A. Medina ◽  
Rudy Suarez ◽  
Sandro Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genomic Segment ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Original Classification

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) belongs to the family Reoviridae and has been described mainly in association with salmonid infections. The genome of PRV consists of about 23,600 bp, with 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, classified as small (S1 to S4), medium (M1, M2 and M3) and large (L1, L2 and L3); these range approximately from 1000 bp (segment S4) to 4000 bp (segment L1). How the genetic variation among PRV strains affects the virulence for salmonids is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular phylogeny of PRV based on an extensive sequence analysis of the S1 and M2 segments of PRV available in the GenBank database to date (May 2020). The analysis was extended to include new PRV sequences for S1 and M2 segments. In addition, subgenotype classifications were assigned to previously published unclassified sequences. It was concluded that the phylogenetic trees are consistent with the original classification using the PRV genomic segment S1, which differentiates PRV into two major genotypes, I and II, and each of these into two subgenotypes, designated as Ia and Ib, and IIa and IIb, respectively. Moreover, some clusters of country- and host-specific PRV subgenotypes were observed in the subset of sequences used. This work strengthens the subgenotype classification of PRV based on the S1 segment and can be used to enhance research on the virulence of PRV.

scholarly journals Nomenclature of supra-generic units within the Family Scincidae (Squamata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5067 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-351
Author(s):  
GLENN M. SHEA
Keyword(s):  
Family Group ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Classification

The modern classification of skinks is based on a nomenclature that dates to the 1970s. However, there are a number of earlier names in the family group that have been overlooked by recent workers. These names are identified and their validity with respect to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature investigated, along with their type genera. In most cases, use of these names to supplant junior synonyms in modern day use is avoidable by use of the Reversal of Precedence articles of the Code, but the names remain available in case of future divisions at the tribe and subtribe level. Other names are unavailable due to homonymy, either of their type genera or the stems from similar but non-homonymous type genera. However, the name Egerniini is replaced by Tiliquini, due to a limited timespan of use of Egerniini. A new classification of the Family Scincidae is proposed, providing a more extensive use of Code-regulated levels of classification, including tribes and subtribes, and a detailed synonymy provided for each taxonomic unit.  

A Review of the Family Portulacaceae

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Carolin
Keyword(s):  
Character State ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Biogeographical Analysis ◽  
Five Tribes

A number of attributes that has proved useful to delimit subfamilial taxa within the Portulacaceae are critically assessed and some little used ones are introduced. The attributes are polarised by an outgroup comparison and a Wagner tree constructed. Some reversals which occur on this tree are considered unacceptable and branches are moved to eliminate this factor, although a longer tree, in terms of character state changes, is produced. A phylogenetic sequence is proposed on this basis and a new classification of the family attempted. On the basis of these results it is suggested that: (1) the genus Calandrinia s.1. be divided into five genera; (2) the genera Talinaria and Anacampseros are closely related; (3) Talinum may not be a natural genus; (4) the family can be conveniently divided into five tribes. A biogeographical analysis indicates that closer floristic relationships exist between western America and Australia and between eastern America and Africa than between eastern and western America or between Australia and Africa.

scholarly journals New classification of the family Sejidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) based on morphological analyses

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (41-43) ◽  
pp. 2317-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Lekveishvili ◽  
Hans Klompen
Keyword(s):  
New Classification ◽  
The Family

Paedomorphosis, Aristotle's lantern, and the origin of the sand dollars (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida)

Paleobiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rich Mooi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
New Information ◽  
Sand Dollars ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Tube Feet

Convincing hypotheses of the origin of major invertebrate groups are difficult to make in the absence of phylogenetic analyses. In spite of this, several scenarios exist for the origin of the unusual echinoid order Clypeasteroida. I expand upon the most probable of these models by performing a phylogenetic analysis on three clypeasteroid suborders, the enigmatic fossil genusTogocyamus, and the extinct Oligopygoida. This analysis shows that the oligopygoids are the sister group of the Clypeasteroida plusTogocyamus. The latter is here considered a plesion (extinct sister group) to the crown group Clypeasteroida. Within that order, the suborder Clypeasterina is the sister group to the Laganina plus Scutellina. A new classification of all these taxa is presented. The phylogeny is based on 47 characters and incorporates data on external appendages, Aristotle's lantern anatomy, and test structure of irregular echinoids, as well as new information on the morphology ofTogocyamus. The earliest clypeasteroids had a lantern similar to that of adult oligopygoids, which in turn inherited their lantern from a cassiduloid-like ancestor that retained the lantern into adulthood. This lantern is absent in adult cassiduloids. Subsequent changes, including modification of the lantern into a crushing mill, extreme flattening of the test, and proliferation of food-gathering tube feet have allowed clypeasteroids to become epifaunal inhabitants of environments characterized by fine, shifting substrates, a habitat previously inaccessible to most other irregular echinoids.

scholarly journals Families classification including multiopposition asteroids

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (S318) ◽  
pp. 28-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Milani ◽  
Federica Spoto ◽  
Zoran Knežević ◽  
Bojan Novaković ◽  
Georgios Tsirvoulis
Keyword(s):  
Improved Method ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Family Growth ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
Independent Families ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Current List ◽  
Asteroid Families

AbstractIn this paper we present the results of our new classification of asteroid families, upgraded by using catalog with > 500,000 asteroids. We discuss the outcome of the most recent update of the family list and of their membership. We found enough evidence to perform 9 mergers of the previously independent families. By introducing an improved method of estimation of the expected family growth in the less populous regions (e.g. at high inclination) we were able to reliably decide on rejection of one tiny group as a probable statistical fluke. Thus we reduced our current list to 115 families. We also present newly determined ages for 6 families, including complex 135 and 221, improving also our understanding of the dynamical vs. collisional families relationship. We conclude with some recommendations for the future work and for the family name problem.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of the Species Theilovirus: Emerging Murine and Human Pathogens

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (23) ◽  
pp. 11545-11554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Liang ◽  
A. S. Manoj Kumar ◽  
Morris S. Jones ◽  
Nick J. Knowles ◽  
Howard L. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Encephalomyocarditis Virus ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
The Family ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus

ABSTRACT The Cardiovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae includes two distinct species, Encephalomyocarditis virus and Theilovirus. We now report the complete nucleotide sequences of three Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) strains (TO Yale, TOB15, and Vie 415HTR) and of Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus (VHEV). This information, together with the recently reported sequences of divergent theiloviruses (Theiler's-like rat virus [TRV] and Saffold viruses 1 and 2 [SAFV-1 and SAFV-2]), enables an updated phylogenetic analysis as well as a reexamination of several gene products important in the pathogenesis of this emerging group of viruses. In the light of the known neurotropism of TMEV and the new human SAFV-1 and SAFV-2, the resulting data suggest the existence of theiloviruses that cause human central nervous system infections. Our phylogenetic analyses point to the classification of presently known theiloviruses into five types: TMEV, VHEV, TRV, SAFV-1, and SAFV-2.

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