Natural hybridization between Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M Willis ◽  
Bernard J Crespi ◽  
Lawrence M Dill ◽  
Robin W Baird ◽  
M Bradley Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Phocoenoides Dalli

Natural hybridization occurs rarely in mammals compared with other taxonomic groups of animals. Cetaceans appear unique among mammals in exhibiting striking karyological uniformity, which suggests that they have the potential to produce hybrid offspring more readily than other mammals. However, the detection and accurate identification of wild mammalian hybrids is difficult, and molecular evidence for wild cetacean hybrids is extremely limited. Here, we present molecular and morphological evidence of frequent hybridization between free-ranging Dall's, Phocoenoides dalli (True, 1885), and harbour, Phocoena phocoena (L., 1758), porpoises. The study describes a temporally and geographically concentrated case of natural hybridization in large mammals. Molecular analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA revealed the species identity, sex, and direction of cross of several hybrid individuals. In concert with morphological and behavioural observations, these data confirmed the hybrid status of putative crosses in the field, including reproductive females. All crosses examined had Dall's porpoise as the maternal parent. This directionality may reflect the indiscriminate pursuit of female porpoises by male harbour porpoises. Our finding of extensive localized hybridization, despite apparently strong isolation elsewhere in their range, suggests that ecological influences on mating behaviour may be of primary importance in the reproductive isolation of these, and possibly other, cetacean species.

Molecular evidence for natural hybridization between Ligularia nelumbifolia and Cremanthodium stenoglossum (Asteraceae, Senecioneae)

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai Ning ◽  
Yue-Zhi Pan ◽  
Xun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Hybrid Speciation ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Class A ◽  
Ligularia Virgaurea ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Regions

Natural hybridization occurred frequently in the sunflower family. To date, however, no study on natural hybridization involving in Ligularia and Cremanthodium has been reported. Here, we presented the molecular evidence for natural hybridization between Ligularia nelumbifolia (Bureau & Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. and Cremanthodium stenoglossum Ling & S.W.Liu. Four nuclear DNA regions were sequenced to test the natural hybridization hypothesis, and three chloroplast DNA regions were sequenced to determine the direction of hybridization. Analyses of the investigated DNA data suggested that all of the putative hybrid individuals were derived from hybridization between L. nelumbifolia and C. stenoglossum and that bidirectional hybridization occurred. Moreover, sympatric Ligularia tsangchanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. and Ligularia virgaurea (Maxim.) Mattf. ex Rehder & Kobuski were not apparently involved in the hybridization. Although NewHybrids analysis showed that all the putative hybrid individuals were F1 class, a low frequency of backcrossing to C. stenoglossum might exist in the hybrid swarm. In such a case, hybrids might serve as a bridge facilitating gene flow between L. nelumbifolia and C. stenoglossum, and hybrid speciation is unlikely to happen for these hybrid individuals without asexual reproduction. Given the poorly resolved phylogenetic relationship between Ligularia and Cremanthodium, the occurrence of natural hybridization between L. nelumbifolia and C. stenoglossum might provide new insights into the recircumscription and redelimitation of these two genera.

Molecular evidence for the hybrid origin of Rosa lichiangensis (Rosaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangming Zhu ◽  
Xinfen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Marker

Natural hybridization was assumed to play a significant role in the diversification of Rosa. Rosa lichiangensis was suspected to be of hybrid origin based on its intermediate morphological characters between R. soulieana and R. multiflora var. cathayensis. In this study, four chloroplast regions (ndhC-trnV, ndhF-rpl32, ndhJ-trnF, and psbJ-petA) and a single copy nuclear marker (GAPDH) were used to test the hybrid origin of R. lichiangensis. The results from molecular data supported the hybrid origin of R. lichiangensis and further identified R. soulieana as its maternal progenitor and R. multiflora var. cathayensis as the paternal progenitor.

Molecular systematics of Thouarella (Octocorallia:Primnoidae) with the description of three new species from the Southern Ocean based on combined molecular and morphological evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Núñez-Flores ◽  
Daniel Gomez-Uchida ◽  
Pablo J. López-González
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
The Antarctic

Thouarella Gray, 1870, is one of the most speciose genera among gorgonians of the family Primnoidae (Cnidaria:Octocorallia:Anthozoa), being remarkably diverse in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seafloor. However, their diversity in the Southern Ocean is likely underestimated. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers were integrated with species delimitation approaches as well as morphological colonial and polyps features and skeletal SEM examinations to describe and illustrate three new species within Thouarella, from the Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean: T. amundseni sp. nov., T. dolichoespinosa sp. nov. and T. pseudoislai sp. nov. Our species delimitation results suggest, for the first time, the potential presence of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic cryptic species of primnoids, based on the likely presence of sibling species within T. undulata and T. crenelata. With the three new species here described, the global diversity of Thouarella has increased to 41 species, 15 of which are endemic to the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters. Consequently, our results provide new steps for uncovering the shelf benthonic macrofauna’s hidden diversity in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we recommend using an integrative taxonomic framework in this group of organisms and species delimitation approaches because the distinctions between some Thouarella species based only on a superficial examination of their macro- and micromorphological features is, in many cases, limited.

scholarly journals A new micropolydesmoid millipede of the genus Eutrichodesmus Silvestri, 1910 from Cambodia, with a key to species in mainland Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Haplodesmidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 59-91
Author(s):  
Ruttapon Srisonchai ◽  
Natdanai Likhitrakarn ◽  
Chirasak Sutcharit ◽  
Ekgachai Jeratthitikul ◽  
Warut Siriwut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Current Distributions ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia

The micropolydesmoid millipede family Haplodesmidae is here recorded from Cambodia for the first time through the discovery of the first, new species of the genus Eutrichodesmus Silvestri, 1910: E. cambodiensissp. nov. This new species is described from two limestone habitats in Kampot Province, based on abundant material. It is easily distinguished from all related congeners by the following combination of characters: body greyish-brown; limbus roundly lobulate; solenomere partially divided from acropodite by a digitiform lobe, but without hairpad. Brief remarks on the previously-proposed “pecularis-group” are provided and a second group, the “demangei-group”, is established and discussed on the basis of morphological evidence, updating the number of recognised species groups of Eutrichodesmus to two. Detailed morphological illustrations, photographs and a distribution map, as well as remarks on its habitat and mating behaviour of the new species are presented. Furthermore, the current distributions of all 55 presently-known species of Eutrichodesmus are provided and a key to all 23 species that occur in mainland Southeast Asia is given.

Genetic Diversity of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Molecular Detection of Its Potential Associated Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-926
Author(s):  
Aida Syafinaz Mokhtar ◽  
Yee Ling Lau ◽  
John-James Wilson ◽  
Noraishah Mydin Abdul-Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Pediculosis Capitis ◽  
Pediculus Humanus

Abstract Pediculosis capitis caused by Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) is endemic all over the world, and children are mostly affected, particularly those living in overcrowded institutions. Several studies have shown that P. h. capitis carried human pathogenic bacteria, suggesting the potential role of head lice in the transmission of pathogens to humans. In this study, we determined the genetic diversity of head lice collected from welfare homes sheltering underprivileged children by using DNA barcoding and demonstrated the presence of Acinetobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus aureus in head lice, which have never been investigated before in Malaysia. Cox1 DNA barcoding identified the head lice, P. h. capitis collected from welfare homes across two geographical areas of Peninsular Malaysia as belonging to clades A, B, and D. Acinetobacter bacteria: Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Acinetobacter nosocomialis were detected in head lice belonging to clades A and also D. In addition, DNA from S. marcescens and S. aureus were also detected in both clades A and D. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic diversity of head lice in Malaysia through DNA barcoding, as well as the first to provide molecular evidence on the type of bacteria occurring in head lice in Malaysia. It is anticipated that the DNA barcoding technique used in this study will be able to provide rapid and accurate identification of arthropods, in particular, medically important ectoparasites.

scholarly journals SNP Markers as a Successful Molecular Tool for Assessing Species Identity and Geographic Origin of Trees in the Economically Important South American Legume Genus Dipteryx

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurídice N Honorio Coronado ◽  
Céline Blanc-Jolivet ◽  
Malte Mader ◽  
Carmen R García-Dávila ◽  
David Aldana Gomero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Assignment Success

Abstract Dipteryx timber has been heavily exploited in South America since 2000s due to the increasing international demand for hardwood. Developing tools for the genetic identification of Dipteryx species and their geographical origin can help to promote legal trading of timber. A collection of 800 individual trees, belonging to 6 different Dipteryx species, was genotyped based on 171 molecular markers. After the exclusion of markers out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or with no polymorphism or low amplification, 83 nuclear, 29 chloroplast, 13 mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and 2 chloroplast and 5 mitochondrial INDELS remained. Six genetic groups were identified using Bayesian Structure analyses of the nuclear SNPs, which corresponded to the different Dipteryx species collected in the field. Seventeen highly informative markers were identified as suitable for species identification and obtained self-assignment success rates to species level of 78–96%. An additional set of 15 molecular markers was selected to determine the different genetic clusters found in Dipteryx odorata and Dipteryx ferrea, obtaining self-assignment success rates of 91–100%. The success to assign samples to the correct country of origin using all or only the informative markers improved when using the nearest neighbor approach (69–92%) compared to the Bayesian approach (33–80%). While nuclear and chloroplast SNPs were more suitable for differentiating the different Dipteryx species, mitochondrial SNPs were ideal for determining the genetic clusters of D. odorata and D. ferrea. These 32 selected SNPs will be invaluable genetic tools for the accurate identification of species and country of origin of Dipteryx timber.

Cabamofa orientalis sp. nov. from Thailand, congeneric with C. mira Jaschhof from Costa Rica (Diptera: Bibionomorpha: Sciaroidea incertae sedis)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4576 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
MATHIAS JASCHHOF ◽  
JAN ŠEVČÍK
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Entomological Research

The genus Cabamofa, previously containing only C. mira from Costa Rica (Jaschhof 2005), is shown here to have a second species in Thailand, which is described and named C. orientalis sp. nov. The new species is known from a single male collected by the TIGER Project (Thailand Inventory Group for Entomological Research), a mass-sampling program to inventory insect diversity in Southeast Asia (Plant et al. 2011; http://sharkeylab.org/tiger, accessed 14 December 2018). As the circumstances of finding indicate, C. orientalis is a decidedly rare species, an attribute applying to perhaps one third of all tropical arthropods (Lim et al. 2012) and most Sciaroidea incertae sedis (Jaschhof 2017), including the Costa Rican C. mira. The latter species was originally described from two females, which were Malaise trapped in 2003 in lowland rain forest (Jaschhof 2005), while a conspecific male, a museum specimen collected in 1922 in an unknown habitat, was detected and described subsequently (Amorim & Rindal 2007). Cabamofa is one of nearly 20 sciaroid genera whose family affiliation has not yet been resolved (Jaschhof 2017), but there is morphological evidence suggesting its close affinity to other Sciaroidea incertae sedis, such as Rogambara Jaschhof, 2005, Ohakunea Tonnoir & Edwards, 1927, and Colonomyia Colless, 1963. These four genera together form the Ohakunea group of Jaschhof (2005), or the Ohakuneinae (as a subfamily of the broadly conceived family Rangomaramidae) of Amorim & Rindal (2007). Recent molecular work (Ševčík et al. 2016, Kaspřák et al. 2019) suggests a more distant phylogenetic position of Ohakunea to other Sciaroidea incertae sedis. The obvious conflict here between morphological and molecular evidence is stimulating fresh interest in the “incertae sedis issue”, as proven by the present contribution. The morphology of C. orientalis provides no new clues as to the systematic position of Cabamofa, or the Ohakunea group, but reveals characters that were previously not known to occur in Cabamofa. The delimitation of this genus is briefly reviewed below. Our finding of C. orientalis extends the geographic distribution of Cabamofa from the New World to the Old World (Oriental) tropics, which consorts with the disjunct (Neotropical-Australasian) areas found in both Colonomyia and Ohakunea. Morphological terminology used here is in accordance with that by Cumming & Wood (2017). 

scholarly journals Cross-Reactivity between Immunoglobulin G Antibodies of Whales and Dolphins Correlates with Evolutionary Distance

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1547-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik H. Nollens ◽  
Carolina Ruiz ◽  
Michael T. Walsh ◽  
Frances M. D. Gulland ◽  
Gregory Bossart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation

ABSTRACT Growing morphological and molecular evidence indicates that the porpoises, dolphins, and whales evolved within the even-toed ungulates, formerly known as Artiodactyla. These animals are now grouped in the Cetartiodactyla. We evaluated the antigenic similarity of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules of 15 cetacean species and the domestic cow. The similarity was scored using three distinct antibodies raised against bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) IgG in a Western blot, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a competitive ELISA format. A score was generated for the genetic distance between each species and T. truncatus using the cytochrome b sequence. Each antibody displayed a distinct pattern of reactivity with the IgG antibodies of the various species. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the γ heavy chain of T. truncatus was reactive with all monodontids, delphinids, and phocoenids. The light-chain-specific MAb reacted with IgG of delphinoid and phocoenid species and one of the two mysticete species tested. The polyclonal antibody was broadly cross-reactive across all cetaceans and the domestic cow. Using the MAb specific for the γ heavy chain, the degree of IgG cross-reactivity ranged from less than 17% for the mysticetes to 106% for killer whale Orcinus orca. The IgG in beaked whale and baleen whale sera was significantly less cross-reactive with bottlenose dolphin IgG than sera from other toothed whales. A strong negative correlation was demonstrated between antigenic cross-reactivity of IgG molecules and the genetic distance of their hosts. The data generated will be useful for the development of clinical serodiagnostics in diverse cetacean species.

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