OBSERVATIONS ON THE METHOD OF HUMAN INFECTION WITH ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN TAHITI

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Alicata ◽  
Robert W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Rat Lungworm ◽  
Land Mollusks

Infective larvae of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the causative agent of parasitic meningoencephalitis in man, have been found in about 4% of the stomach contents of freshwater prawns examined in Tahiti. This is believed to constitute the main source of the local human infection. These crustaceans and "taioro," a food consisting of grated coconut and prawn juice, are commonly eaten raw by Tahitians and some local Europeans. Infected mollusks have also been found on vegetation commonly eaten raw, and may constitute an occasional source of human infection. Laboratory-raised rats have been experimentally infected with A. cantonensis by applying infective larvae on the abraded skin. No infection occurred when the larvae were placed on the intact skin. In addition to land mollusks, the freshwater snail (Fossaria ollula) was also found to be a suitable intermediate host for A. cantonensis.

ON THE INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE RAT LUNGWORM ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN THE COOK ISLANDS, WITH OBSERVATIONS MADE IN NEW ZEALAND AND WESTERN SAMOA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Alicata ◽  
Dennis D. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Eosinophilic Meningitis ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Western Samoa ◽  
Rat Lungworm ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Made In ◽  
Land Mollusks

Of a total of 240 rats examined on the island of Rarotonga, 85.0% showed lungworm infection. No lungworms were found among 61 rats trapped in and around Auckland, New Zealand, and none among 95 rats trapped in the vicinity of Apia, Western Samoa. Of land mollusks examined on the island of Rarotonga, the following species were found infected with lungworm larvae: (slugs) Deroceras laeve and Vaginalus plebeius, and (snails) Bradybaena similaris and Subulina octona. In addition, a few infective larvae were found among land planarians and freshwater prawns, both of which serve as paratenic hosts. The finding of the rat lungworm on the island of Rarotonga offers an additional example in the Pacific of the occurrence of this parasite in an area where human eosinophilic meningitis occurs.

scholarly journals Demographics of the semi-slug Parmarion martensi, an intermediate host for Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Hawai‘i, during laboratory rearing

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lindsey J. Hamilton ◽  
Yaeko Tagami ◽  
Lisa Kaluna ◽  
John Jacob ◽  
Susan I. Jarvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Rat Lungworm ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
Nematode Transmission

Abstract The semi-slug, Parmarion martensi, is an intermediate host of the zoonotic nematode, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the aetiological agent of neuroangiostrongyliasis or rat lungworm disease in humans. Rearing methods were developed for P. martensi to facilitate studies on nematode transmission and control. Parmarion martensi exhibited high survivorship when reared on a diet of dog food and fresh fruits and vegetables in temperature-controlled cabinets at 21.4°C, 98% relative humidity and 12:12 L:D cycle. Rearing containers were lined with moist paper towels for substrate and plastic pots were provided for hiding/resting and egg-laying. Under these conditions, time to first reproduction was 165.3 ± 12.3 days, fecundity was approximately 34.5 ± 7.8 eggs per adult, and hatch rate was 52.7 ± 3.2%. Survivorship post egg hatch was 86.2 ± 2.9% at 30 days (neonates had a mortality rate of about 14%) and 99% thereafter for up to a year. The demographics of laboratory-reared and wild-caught P. martensi were similar except for the weight of reproductive adults, which was significantly higher in laboratory-reared adults (4.0 ± 0.2 g) than in field-collected adults (1.5 ± 0.1 g).

MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE INFECTIVE LARVAE OF ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS AND THOSE OF ANAFILAROIDES ROSTRATUS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Alicata
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Anal Opening ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Rat Lungworm ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Biological Differences

Third-stage larvae of the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, can be differentiated from those of the cat lungworm, Anafilaroides rostratus, on the basis of shorter body length, shorter esophagus, and in some cases on the position of the genital primordium. In A. cantonensis the length of the body is 460 to 510 μ and the length of the esophagus, including the buccal cavity, is 171 to 198 μ. The genital primordium is 120 to 135 μ from the anal opening. In A. rostratus the length of the body is 545 to 655 μ, and that of the esophagus is 218 to 246 μ. The genital primordium is 37 to 153 μ from the anal opening. The infective larvae of A. rostratus do not migrate to the central nervous system as do those of A. cantonensis. The larvae of A. rostratus have been found to re-encyst in the liver of rats and mice which serve as paratenic hosts.

Modelling the distribution in Hawaii of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) in its gastropod hosts

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaynee R. Kim ◽  
Tamara M. Wong ◽  
Patrick A. Curry ◽  
Norine W. Yeung ◽  
Kenneth A. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Rat Lungworm

AbstractAngiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm), a parasitic nematode, is expanding its distribution. Human infection, known as angiostrongyliasis, may manifest as eosinophilic meningitis, an emerging infectious disease. The range and incidence of this disease are expanding throughout the tropics and subtropics. Recently, the Hawaiian Islands have experienced an increase in reported cases. This study addresses factors affecting the parasite's distribution and projects its potential future distribution, using Hawaii as a model for its global expansion. Specimens of 37 snail species from the Hawaiian Islands were screened for the parasite using PCR. It was present on five of the six largest islands. The data were used to generate habitat suitability models for A. cantonensis, based on temperature and precipitation, to predict its potential further spread within the archipelago. The best current climate model predicted suitable habitat on all islands, with greater suitability in regions with higher precipitation and temperatures. Projections under climate change (to 2100) indicated increased suitability in regions with estimated increased precipitation and temperatures, suitable habitat occurring increasingly at higher elevations. Analogously, climate change could facilitate the spread of A. cantonensis from its current tropical/subtropical range into more temperate regions of the world, as is beginning to be seen in the continental USA.

Dipetalonema reconditum (Grassi, 1889) from the Dog with a Note on its Development in the Flea, Ctenocephalides felis and the Louse, Heterodoxus spiniger

1962 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fascial Spaces ◽  
Common Parasite

1.In Kenya Dipetalonema reconditum is a common parasite of dogs, jackals and hyaenas. Usually microfilarial densities in the blood are very low. The adult worms are small; they can be detected at autopsy by searching the subcutaneous fascial spaces with a dissecting microscope.2.The morphology of the adult worms is described and illustrated. The adults and microfilariae are readily distinguished from other species found in dogs in East Africa.3.The main intermediate host of D. reconditum in dogs in Kenya is the flea Ctenocephalides felis. If fleas are kept on dogs for more than a week they can be used for xenodiagnosis to detect very low density infections.4.The infective larvae have a characteristic caudal morphology with three terminal projections. They are very similar to the infective larvae of D. arbuta, D. vite and D. manson-bahri.

scholarly journals Distribution and habitats of Lymnaea natalensis, snail intermediate host of the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica, in South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Editorial Office
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Snail Intermediate Host ◽  
Planning And Construction ◽  
Lymnaea Natalensis

This paper focuses on the geographical distribution and the habitats of Lymnaea natalensis, the snail intermediate host of the liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica, as reflected by the collection sites of its 4 552 samples currently on record in the National Freshwater Snail Collection (NFSC) of South Africa. Although this species was represented in a variety of waterbodies, the majority of samples(±70%)came from rivers, brooks and dams and in 70.8% of the cases the water was described as permanent and in 71.8% as slow flowing or standing. The results of life-table studies conducted by various authors indicated that temperature should be a relatively unimportant factor in determining its geographical distribution, but that the availability of permanent water should be decisive for its presence in a given habitat. These results are in agreement with the finding that only 7.5% of the samples of this species in the NFSC were collected in habitats which were described as seasonal. Furthermore, it gives a logical explanation for the sporadic occurrence, or total absence of this species in the more arid regions of South Africa. Water impoundments and irrigation networks contribute to a large extent towards creating perennial habitats which would be suitable for L. natalensis. As intermediate host for one of the liver fluke species which already is an economic factor in South Africa, this certainly is an aspect which ought to be reckoned within the planning and construction of new irrigation schemes.

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