ELECTROLYTES IN TISSUES, RED CELLS, AND PLASMA OF THE POLAR BEAR AND CARIBOU

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Manery ◽  
J. S. Barlow ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Water Analyses

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and water analyses were carried out on tissues of three polar bears, and on the blood of the barren ground caribou. The electrolyte and water concentrations in heart, liver, skeletal muscle, tendon, and plasma of the polar bear were not essentially different from those found in other mammals. Red blood cells of this branch of the bear family, Ursidae, resembled those of other members of the order, Carnivora, in containing a high sodium, 91.1 meq, and a low potassium concentration, 4.1 meq, per kilogram of packed cells; they also contained 4.9 meq of magnesium per kilogram of packed cells. Caribou red cells had 29.6 meq of sodium per kilogram of packed cells and 1.7 meq of calcium per liter of packed cells, and in this electrolyte pattern resembled other members of the order Artiodactyla, which is distinguished by the variability among the families in the Na–K balance of the erythrocytes. The data reported here are of special interest because of the genetic control of the Na–K balance in red cells.

scholarly journals Nutritional factors in milk from Brazilian mothers delivering small for gestational age neonates

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anete S. Grumach ◽  
Solange E.I. Jerônimo ◽  
Marcia Hage ◽  
Magda M.S. Carneiro-Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

The composition of breast milk from brazilian mothers delivering low birthweight infants and its adequacy as a source of nutrients for this group has not yet been fully elucidated. A total of 209 milk samples from 66 women were analysed. The mothers were divided into three groups: G1, mothers delivering term babies of low birthweight (TSGA, n=16); G2, mothers delivering preterm babies of appropriate birthweight (PTAGA, n=20); G3, mothers delivering term babies of appropriate birthweight (TAGA, n=30). The following factors were analysed: osmolarity, total proteins and protein fractions, creamatocrit, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Milk samples were collected 48 h and 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after delivery. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of osmolarity, total proteins and fractions, creamatocrit, calcium, magnesium or potassium throughout the study period. Sodium levels were higher in all samples from mothers of TSGA infants and in samples from mothers of PTAGA infants on the 7th, 15th and 30th days than in milk from the TAGA group. The authors consider the needs of the low birthweight and TAGA infants and that these high sodium levels may be necessary for growth of low birthweight infants.

Congenital Hemolytic Anemia with High Sodium, Low Potassium Red Cells

1968 ◽  
Vol 278 (11) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold S. Zarkowsky ◽  
Frank A. Oski ◽  
Ramadan Sha'afi ◽  
Stephen B. Shohet ◽  
David G. Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Congenital Hemolytic Anemia

Aorta Electrolytes of Hypotensive Potassium-Deficient Rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Charles Freed ◽  
Shirley St. George ◽  
Ray H. Rosenman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Arterial Tone

The hypotension of potassium-deficiency is associated with a decrease in aorta potassium concentration, the sodium content remaining unchanged, resulting in a high sodium/potassium ratio. Loss of arterial tone may result and thus contribute to the lowering of blood pressure. Cortisone administration to such rats does not alter the low aorta potassium content but appreciably reduces the sodium concentration. The return to a more normal sodium/potassium ratio in the aorta following cortisone may restore the arterial tone and thus explain the blood pressure rise to normal levels.

scholarly journals Interaction of HK and LK Goat Red Blood Cells with Ouabain

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Sachs ◽  
Philip B. Dunham ◽  
Donna L. Kropp ◽  
J. Clive Ellory ◽  
Joseph F. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Ouabain Binding ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Calculated Number

The characteristics of the interaction of Na-K pumps of high potassium (HK) and low potassium (LK) goat red blood cells with ouabain have been determined. The rate of inhibition by ouabain of the pump of HK cells is greater than the rate of inhibition of the pumps of LK cells. Treatment of LK cells with an antibody (anti-L) raised in HK sheep by injecting LK sheep red cells increases the rate of inhibition of the LK pumps by ouabain to that characteristic of HK pumps; reduction of intracellular K (Kc) in LK cells increases the rate at which ouabain inhibits their pumps and exposure of these low Kc cells to anti-L does not affect the rate of inhibition. There is considerable heterogeneity in the pumps of both HK and LK cells in the rate at which they interact with ouabain or the rate at which they pump or both. LK pumps which are sensitive to stimulation by anti-L bind ouabain less rapidly than the remainder of the LK pumps and exposure to antibody increases the rate at which ouabain binds to the sensitive pumps; the difference between the two types of pumps disappears if intracellular K is very low. The calculated number of ouabain molecules bound at 100% inhibition of the pump is about the same for HK and LK cells. Although exposure to anti-L increases the apparent number of ouabain binding sites in LK cells at normal Kc, it does not alter the apparent number of sites in LK cells when Kc has been reduced.

scholarly journals The Chemical Composition of Normal Human Red Blood Cells, including Variability among Centrifuged Cells

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS G. KEITEL ◽  
H. BERMAN ◽  
H. JONES ◽  
E. MACLACHLAN
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Centrifuge Tube

Abstract 1. Red cells from different layers of centrifuged cells vary in composition. Cells obtained from the upper layer, which is relatively richer in reticulocytes, contain more water, sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus than the remaining cells. 2. The direct method of analysis of red blood cells using a constricted type centrifuge tube to separate the entire red cells sample from buffy layer cells and from plasma avoids the errors in direct analysis caused by different cell population in upper and lower layers of centrifuged cells and the cumulative errors inherent in indirect analysis. 3. Using the direct method and a constricted type centrifuge tube, the means and standard deviations of the water and mineral content of the erythrocytes and plasma of 11 normal males and 11 normal females were determined. Males were found to have a higher sodium content of red cells and plasma. 4. The sum of the molal concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus in red cells is not always equal to the sum of the molal concentrations of these minerals in the plasma.

scholarly journals Antibody-Induced Alterations in the Kinetic Characteristics of the Na:K Pump in Goat Red Blood Cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Sachs ◽  
J. Clive Ellory ◽  
Donna L. Kropp ◽  
Philip B. Dunham ◽  
Joseph F. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pump Rate ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Low Potassium

The kinetic characteristics of the Na:K pump in high potassium (HK) and low potassium (LK) goat red cells were investigated after altering the intracellular cation concentrations. At low concentrations of intracellular K (Kc), increasing Kc at first stimulates the active K influx in HK cells, but at higher Kc the pump is inhibited. These results suggest that in HK cells Kc acts both at a stimulatory site at the inner aspect of the pump and by competition with intracellular Na (Nac) at the Na translocation sites. In LK cells, Kc inhibits the active K influx and the sensitivity of LK cells to inhibition is much greater than the sensitivity of HK cells. Exposure of LK cells to an antibody (anti-L), raised in an HK sheep by injection of LK sheep cells, increased the active K influx at any given Kc. The effect of the antibody was greater at higher intracellular K concentrations, and in cells with very low concentrations of K the antibody had little effect on the pump rate. The failure of anti-L to stimulate the pump in low Kc LK cells was not due to failure of the antibody to bind to the cells. Anti-L combining at the outer surface of the cell reduces the affinity of the pump at the inner surface for K at the inhibitory sites. The maximal pump rate in LK cells at optimal Na and K concentrations is less than the maximal pump rate of HK cells under the same circumstances.

Congenital Hemolytic Anemia with High-Sodium, Low-Potassium Red Cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 280 (17) ◽  
pp. 909-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Oski ◽  
J. Lawrence Naiman ◽  
Stuart F. Blum ◽  
Harold S. Zarkowsky ◽  
June Whaun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Congenital Hemolytic Anemia

Hypothyroidism and Atypical Spherocytic Hemolytic Anemia with High-Sodium, Low-Potassium Red Cells

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS T. LEONE ◽  
PARTHASARATHY NARASIMHAN ◽  
E. J. WATSON-WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Potassium

scholarly journals Chemical composition of skeletal muscle

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrão Anghihan ◽  
Francisco B. De Jorge ◽  
Julinho Aisen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Anterior Deltoid ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Neurological Conditions

The present paper aims to presents standard values for the contents of water, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper and iron in muscles (tibialis anterior, deltoid and pectoralis major) in individuals without any neurological conditions. This study shall constitute the basis for the interpretation of other data, still being gathered, relating these normal values with those obtained for muscles under pathological conditions.

Changes in the cation composition and active K+ transport in the red cells of fetal sheep prepartum

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1454-1459
Author(s):  
M. W. Wolowyk ◽  
J. C. Ellory
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Ouabain Binding ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Sodium Pumps ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Pump Activity

The red blood cells of lambs, genotypically low potassium type, undergo a transition from high potassium to low potassium cell type from parturition onwards. This involves gradual changes in cell ion content, sodium pump activity, and ouabain binding. In the present study we investigated the properties of fetal red blood cells from 30 days prepartum using the chronically cannulated pregnant ewe preparation. We demonstrate that intracellular sodium increases and potassium decreases from −30 days onwards. Sodium pump activity monitored either by tracer potassium influx or ouabain binding is markedly higher in the early fetal samples examined and declines fourfold during the final month in utero. Unlike the maternal low potassium cells the early fetal red cells are refractory in terms of sodium pump stimulation by anti-L, the antibody in fact consistently inhibiting the pump. Finally, we have investigated the volume sensitivity and development of the ouabain-insensitive potassium fluxes in these cells and found that both fetal and maternal cells show a marked chloride-dependent, volume-sensitive passive potassium flux. We conclude that the decrease in active sodium transport between fetal red cells and adult low potassium cells is achieved partly by a reduction in the density of sodium pumps per cell, and then later by the introduction into the circulation of cells with Lp-antigen-modified sodium pumps.

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