scholarly journals Nutritional factors in milk from Brazilian mothers delivering small for gestational age neonates

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anete S. Grumach ◽  
Solange E.I. Jerônimo ◽  
Marcia Hage ◽  
Magda M.S. Carneiro-Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

The composition of breast milk from brazilian mothers delivering low birthweight infants and its adequacy as a source of nutrients for this group has not yet been fully elucidated. A total of 209 milk samples from 66 women were analysed. The mothers were divided into three groups: G1, mothers delivering term babies of low birthweight (TSGA, n=16); G2, mothers delivering preterm babies of appropriate birthweight (PTAGA, n=20); G3, mothers delivering term babies of appropriate birthweight (TAGA, n=30). The following factors were analysed: osmolarity, total proteins and protein fractions, creamatocrit, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Milk samples were collected 48 h and 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after delivery. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of osmolarity, total proteins and fractions, creamatocrit, calcium, magnesium or potassium throughout the study period. Sodium levels were higher in all samples from mothers of TSGA infants and in samples from mothers of PTAGA infants on the 7th, 15th and 30th days than in milk from the TAGA group. The authors consider the needs of the low birthweight and TAGA infants and that these high sodium levels may be necessary for growth of low birthweight infants.

696. The chemical composition of the colostrum and milk of the ewe

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn R. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Mineral Constituents

1. The composition of the milk of six low-plane and six high-plane ewes has been studied. Definite lactational trends have been observed for all the major constituents.2. For all the ewes the initial colostrum was characterized by very high protein and fat contents and by low lactose content.3. Analyses of the mineral constituents—calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and chloride—are reported covering the whole lactation of twelve sheep. The colostrum of the low-plane animals was higher in total mineral content than that of the high-plane animals.The author wishes to thank Mr L. J. Lambourne for providing the milk samples and Mr J. E. Allen for the spectographic analyses.

Characteristics of Human Breast Milk Based on Infant’s Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Moudah Alhindi ◽  
Hadohum Musallam ◽  
Esam Elhefian
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Complex Fluid ◽  
Infant Sex ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Human milk is a complex fluid, which contains a number of constituents such as fats, proteins and vitamins, in addition to other compounds. These nutrients are needed for infant protection against infections and diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate some physicochemical properties and biochemical constituents content of human milk samples (based on the gender of the breast feeding infant). This includes acidity, density and viscosity, as well as lactose, protein, calcium and magnesium contents. Results showed that the highest value of viscosity as well as the highest percentages of protein and acidity were recorded for human breast milk for a boy (2.212 cP, 1.237% and 0.02% respectively) while close values for density and other biochemical contents were recorded for both types of samples. However, only the change in viscosity was found to be significant (p?0.05). Variations in some properties of human milk depending on the infant' sex could be of benefit for developing infant formula taking infant’s gender into consideration.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Ground Water in Kalar City- Kurdistan Region- Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Hnar Karim ◽  
◽  
Nyaz Ahmed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
High Level ◽  
Water Softener

This paper was carried out to test the quality of ground water in Kalar city- Kurdistan Region- Iraq, bacteria, TDS, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and nitrate were tested in order to the quality assessment. The assessment was done for the water quality of 39 wells in kalar city as case of study. It was concluded that TDS levels of these wells were high levels in general and the main reason was due to high levels of calcium and magnesium. Turbidity, pH, sodium, potassium and nitrate values for the samples of water were in standard region. The maximum and non-standard values of TDS, calcium and magnesium were recorded in sample of well no. 27 in values of 545 mg/l, 149 mg/l and 52 mg/l respectively. The research suggested water softener system to cure the hardness of the ground water by decreasing the high levels of TDS, calcium and magnesium to be in safe ranges. It was also proposed the reverse OSMOSIS removes as a second way of ground water treatment. High level of TDS was reduced to standard range from 545 mg/l to 296 mg/l through the water softener system and reduced to 98 mg/l through the reverse OSMOSIS. It found that ground water may contain bacteria such as E. coli and Coliform, and chlorine treatment can be used to avoid bacteria contaminant.

ELECTROLYTES IN TISSUES, RED CELLS, AND PLASMA OF THE POLAR BEAR AND CARIBOU

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Manery ◽  
J. S. Barlow ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Water Analyses

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and water analyses were carried out on tissues of three polar bears, and on the blood of the barren ground caribou. The electrolyte and water concentrations in heart, liver, skeletal muscle, tendon, and plasma of the polar bear were not essentially different from those found in other mammals. Red blood cells of this branch of the bear family, Ursidae, resembled those of other members of the order, Carnivora, in containing a high sodium, 91.1 meq, and a low potassium concentration, 4.1 meq, per kilogram of packed cells; they also contained 4.9 meq of magnesium per kilogram of packed cells. Caribou red cells had 29.6 meq of sodium per kilogram of packed cells and 1.7 meq of calcium per liter of packed cells, and in this electrolyte pattern resembled other members of the order Artiodactyla, which is distinguished by the variability among the families in the Na–K balance of the erythrocytes. The data reported here are of special interest because of the genetic control of the Na–K balance in red cells.

scholarly journals Do mothers with high sodium levels in their breast milk have high depression and anxiety scores?

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Serim Demirgoren ◽  
Aylin Ozbek ◽  
Murat Ormen ◽  
Canem Kavurma ◽  
Esra Ozer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Objective This study aimed to assess the possible association of high breast milk sodium levels with postpartum depression and anxiety. Methods A total of 150 mothers and their healthy, exclusively breastfed newborns aged 8 to 15 days were recruited. Mothers were asked to complete scales for evaluation of postnatal depression and anxiety following an interview for consent and sociodemographic data collection. Breast milk samples were obtained to measure sodium and potassium (K) levels. Results Forty-nine mothers had higher than expected breast milk Na concentrations and a high Na/K ratio. These mothers scored significantly higher on the scales of postnatal depression and state anxiety ( P = 0.018 and P = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions This study shows that compared to normal breast milk Na levels and Na/K ratio, high breast milk Na and high Na/K ratio, with possible serious consequences in infants, are associated with maternal depressive and anxious symptoms in the postpartum period.

THE ACUTE AND PROLONGED EFFECT OF PORCINE CALCITONIN ON URINE ELECTROLYTE EXCRETION IN INTACT AND PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Helmer Sørensen ◽  
Inge Hindberg
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Electrolyte Excretion ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Prolonged Effect ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Natriuretic Effect ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT The effect of calcitonin on the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and creatinine was studied in intact and parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats. A single injection of porcine calcitonin was followed by a reduced excretion of calcium and magnesium and an increased excretion of potassium. A phosphaturic effect was observed only in the intact rats. The urinary changes did not depend upon impurities in the preparation used, since similar results were obtained with synthetic porcine calcitonin. The urinary electrolyte excretion was also followed in rats given injections of porcine calcitonin every 3 hours, for 3 days. A marked calciuric effect of the hormone was seen in the intact rats, after a transitory decrease in the excretion of calcium at the start of the treatment. The hypercalciuria could hardly be explained by an increased parathyroid action, but rather by a direct effect of calcitonin on renal tubular function. The excretion of magnesium closely followed that of calcium in both intact and PTX rats. A marked phosphaturic and natriuretic effect of calcitonin was observed during prolonged treatment with the hormone. The changes in serum calcium were followed in intact rats treated in a similar way with repeated injections of calcitonin. A hypercalcaemic peak was seen, when the treatment was interrupted, indicating an increased parathyroid action.

scholarly journals The Inorganic Constitution of Molluscan Blood and Muscle

1947 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Hayes ◽  
D. Pelluet
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Marine Biological Association ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Lower Chloride ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Whole Muscle

Estimations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and sulphate have been made on the blood and muscle of marine molluscs and of the freshwater clam, Anodonta.On comparing marine blood with sea water it appears that the cephalopods show a regulatory power (i.e. difference between blood and sea water) with respect to all ions tested except sulphate. The gastropods have a regulatory power for calcium, magnesium and chloride; the pelecypods for calcium and magnesium.Calcium is always higher in blood than in sea water, while magnesium is lower. Chloride, where it differs, is lower.If muscle is considered as two phases, cells and intercellular blood space, then from whole muscle and blood analyses it is possible to calculate the spaces between the cells, which work out at 11 % for pelecypods and 18 % for the other two groups. Further calculation gives the constitution of the cells themselves, leading to the conclusion that, of the ions under consideration, only K is present in the Pelecypoda and Cephalopoda, while the Gastropoda may have some Ca and Mg as well as K.As expected the fresh-water clam contains little inorganic material. In relative proportions its blood is characterized by more calcium and less magnesium and chloride than that of marine forms. In muscle cells potassium dominates but other ions are present as well.This work was carried out at the Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, in the summers of 1936 and 1937, and at the Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, in 1939. It is a pleasure to express our thanks to the Directors and Staffs of these establishments for accommodation,facilities and advice during the progress of the investigation.

scholarly journals Polyamines in human breast milk for preterm and term infants

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Plaza-Zamora ◽  
M. Sabater-Molina ◽  
M. Rodríguez-Palmero ◽  
M. Rivero ◽  
V. Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Transition Milk

Maternal milk is the first source of exogenous polyamines for the newborn. Polyamines modulate gut maturation in neonates, but no studies are available on polyamine concentration in human milk of preterm babies, even though they could be important for their immature gut. The present study aimed to determine polyamine concentration in human breast milk of mothers with preterm or term infants during the first month of lactation. Human milk samples were obtained during the first month of lactation from twenty-seven mothers with preterm babies and twelve mothers with babies born at term. The polyamine concentration in human milk was quantified by HPLC. During the first month of lactation, the total polyamine concentration was significantly higher in preterm milk than in term milk samples (7590 (sd 4990) v. 4660 (sd 4830) nmol/l, respectively (P =0·034)), as well as individual polyamine concentrations. Polyamine concentration in mature milk for preterm babies was significantly higher than that in mature milk for babies at term, and a similar trend was observed in colostrum and transition human milk. The spermidine/spermine ratio was higher in transition milk in preterm v. term samples, while in mature milk, the ratio was significantly lower in preterm than in term babies. In conclusion, the polyamine concentration was significantly higher in human milk for preterm than for term infants. This and the different spermidine/spermine ratios could influence the gut development of premature babies.

SERUM BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN KETOTIC BUFFALOES ( BUBALUS BUBALIS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Choudhary ◽  
Meenaxi Sareen ◽  
Anil Moolchandani
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Serum Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Minerals ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

The present study was carried out to evaluate the variations in serum minerals ( viz. calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) and transaminases in ketotic buffaloes. Results of blood analysis revealed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum phosphorus in ketotic buffaloes whereas nonsignificant (P>0.05) difference occur in serum calcium and magnesium in ketotic buffaloes as compared to control. At the same time significant increase in transaminases GPT, GOT and GGT have been observed .

scholarly journals Coffee Brews: Are They a Source of Macroelements in Human Nutrition?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Ewa Olechno ◽  
Anna Puścion-Jakubik ◽  
Katarzyna Socha ◽  
Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Coffee Brew ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Coffee Brews

Coffee brews, made by pouring water on coffee grounds or brewing in an espresso machine, are among the most popular beverages. The aim of this study was to summarize data on the content of macroelements (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) in coffee brews prepared with different methods, as well as to review the factors influencing the content of the elements. Studies from 2000 to 2020, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, were reviewed. Taking into account the results presented by the authors, we calculated that one portion of coffee brew can cover 7.5% or 6.4% (for women and men) and 6.6% of the daily requirement for magnesium and potassium, respectively. Coffee provides slightly lower amounts of phosphorus (up to 2.2%), sodium (up to 2.2%), and calcium (up to 0.7% of the daily requirement for women and 0.6% for men). If coffee is drunk in the quantity of three to four cups, it can be an important source of magnesium, considering the risk of magnesium deficiency in modern societies.

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