Acoustic responsiveness of Scoliopteryx libatrix L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a moth that shares hibernacula with some insectivorous bats

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Roeder ◽  
M. B. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Auditory Detection ◽  
Tympanic Organ ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Adult Scoliopteryx libatrix L. overwinter in the entrance areas of caves and mines in Ontario, which also harbor hibernating bats. The tympanic organs of S. libatrix taken from hibernation and tested at room temperature were found to be sensitive to ultrasound between 20 and 40 kHz, which overlaps with the frequencies used by the bats with which it shares hibernacula. The sensitivity of the tympanic organ and the connector neurons in the protocerebrum is +5–10 decibels (dB) greater than those of other noctuid moths for which data are available. In spite of the auditory detection of ultrasonic pulses and transmission of the resultant stimuli to the protocerebrum, S. libatrix in stationary flight showed no avoidance response to a source of ultrasonic pulses. This behavior is markedly different from that of some other noctuid moths tested during their activity periods. The significance of the absence of a behavioral response in the moths is discussed in relation to the activity of bats around the caves and mines.

scholarly journals A study on biology and larval behaviour of fruit piercing moth of Othreis (Eudocima) materna (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on pomegranate, Punica granatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Eknath Shendge ◽  
Bapurao Khaire ◽  
Ramrao Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Bright Orange ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Among different fruit piercing moths, the genus Othreis are the most harmful, causing widespread damage to pomegranate, citrus and mango fruits causing fruit fall in tropical and subtropical countries. The present communication deals with the study on the biology of  Othreis materna (L) from egg to adult’s death which was carried out  at room temperature of the laboratory  to investigate the delicate and vulnerable stages of its life cycle. The life cycle of the moth was completed within 45-61 days, with an average 55.03 days in case of male and within 47-63 days with an average 57.07±4.92 in case of female. Eggs hatching started at night or early in the morning and duration of hatching was 2.72 days. The eggs measured were about 0.95 to 0.03 mm in diameter. The freshly emerged first instar larvae were light yellowish coloured and translucent. The first instar larvae were very active after hatching and they moved 4 to 6 feet for searching the food. The larvae were fed with the leaves of Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy or Guduchi). The total larval duration in days from first, second, third, fourth and fifth instar varied from 2.12±0.01, 1.81±0.05, 2.87±0.02, 3.90±0.11, 4.74±0.38 in days respectively and total larval period was 15.44±0.57. Pupae were dark brown in colour and total pupation period was of 13.81±0.12 days and total adult duration for male and female was 23.08±0.70 and 25.20±0.66 days respectively. The adult of O. materna was bright orange in colour and of medium size. The male was small than the female. This is first study of this type from Marathwada, which will help to trace the vulnerable and delicate stage of the life cycle of this O. materna.

BIOASSAY OF SEX PHEROMONES IN THE ARMY CUTWORM, EUXOA AUXILIARIS; THE PALE WESTERN CUTWORM, AGROTIS ORTHOGONIA; AND THE EUXOA TRISTICULA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Struble
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Background Light ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractEuxoa auxiliaris (Grote) females yielded the largest amount of extractable pheromone after they were stored at least 44 days at 10 °C and then 7 days at room temperature. The males would not respond to the pheromone until they were 28 to 37 days of age and their clearest responses were between 2 and 4 h of the dark cycle. Agrotis orthogonia Morrison females produced pheromone within 1 day after emergence and 2-day-old males responded to it between 5 and 7.5 h of the dark cycle when the olfactometer background light intensity was 0.35 lux. Female Euxoa tristicula Morrison produced pheromone 3 days after emergence and the males responded between 3 to 5 h of the dark cycle.

scholarly journals Aspergillus oryzae and Beauveria bassiana as entomopathogenic fungi of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infesting corn in Lampung, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyun Fitriana ◽  
Radix Suharjo ◽  
I. Gede Swibawa ◽  
Bihikmi Semenguk ◽  
Lita Theresia Pasaribu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest causing severe damage to many cultivating plants such as corn worldwide, including Indonesia. This study was performed to obtain and identify entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) of S. litura collected from corn fields in 4 corn producing regions of Lampung, Indonesia, as well as to investigate the damage caused by this pest on corn in Lampung Province. Results Three corn fields in each region were selected for collecting soil samples. Soil samples were collected from 5 corn plant rhizospheres, at each field in six months of survey. Ten larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) were laid on each soil sample as a bait, covered with a filter paper and incubated at room temperature. The emerging fungi from T. molitor cadaver were transferred onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and incubated for 7 days at room temperature. Pathogenicity test was determined against 3rd instar of S. litura larvae. Identification was performed based on the sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region. Observations on the corn damage caused by S. litura were conducted at all corn producing areas in Lampung. Twelve fungal isolates were obtained causing 0–75% of mortality of S. litura. Four fungal isolates (NKPT, SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ), which caused mortality more than 20%, were further identified. One isolate (NKPT) was confirmed as Beauveria bassiana and the other 3 isolates (SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ) were Aspergillus oryzae. S. litura generally caused slight damages to the corn which was found in every observation year performed during 2010–2019. Medium plant damage was observed in 2010–2012 and 2018–2019, severe damage was found in 2011 and crop failure was recorded in 2018. Conclusions Aspergillus oryzae and B. bassiana were the EPF recorded infecting S. litura in corn in Lampung Province. This was the first report on the isolates of A. oryzae as EPF of S. litura in Indonesia. Slight damages with S. litura were always recorded in every observation year but not for those of medium and severe damages and crop failure.

PHYSICAL STRESSORS AFFECTING INTERACTIONS OF SPODOPTERA EXIGUA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND AN ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham S. Thurston ◽  
Harry K. Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractCuticular damage of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) pupae, caused by puncturing with a sterilized insect pin, resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), but cold shock (5 °C for 24 h) did not alter susceptibility. The additional avenue of entry for the nematode probably accounted for the increased mortality of the damaged pupae. In all treatments, some dead pupae contained Xenorhabdus nematophilus (Poinar and Thomas), the symbiotic bacterium of S. carpocapsae, but no nematodes. More nematode-killed pupae containing X. nematophilus but no nematodes were found in the cold-shock treatment than in the room-temperature control (62.6 versus 46.9%). In contrast, fewer nematode-killed pupae containing X. nematophilus but no nematodes were found in the damaged pupae compared with the undamaged control (25.0 versus 45.1%). Moreover, mortality of nematodes within the cadavers of cold-shocked insects was higher than in the cadavers of non-cold-shocked insects. These results suggest that the stressors, cold shock and cuticular damage, produce fundamentally different responses in insects exposed to them, and that the physiological state of the insect greatly influences nematode survival in the host and hence nematode recycling in the environment.

scholarly journals DrosophilaMutants that Are Motile but Respond Poorly to All Stimuli Tested

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lar L. Vang ◽  
Julius Adler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Sensory Stimuli

ABSTRACTAdultDrosophila melanogasterfruit flies were placed into one end of a tube near to repellents (benzaldehyde and heat) and away from the other end containing attractants (light and a favored temperature). They escaped from the repellents and went to the attractants. Five motile mutants that failed to do that were isolated. They did not respond to any external attractants tested or external repellents tested. In addition, they did not respond well to internal sensory stimuli like hunger, thirst, and sleep. The mutants, although motile, failed to respond to stimuli at both 34°C and at room temperature. Some of the mutants have been mapped. It is proposed that the information from the different sensory receptors comes together at an intermediate, called “inbetween” (Inbet), that brings about a behavioral response. The Boss is defined here.

scholarly journals Decision Making byDrosophilaFlies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Adler ◽  
Lar L. Vang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Original Parent ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT“Decision making has all the secrets of everything: who we are, what we do, how we navigate the world.” “How Do I Decide? The Brain with David Eagleman”, 2015.When presented with attractant (light) together with an amount of repellent (methyl eugenol) that exceeds attractant,Drosophila melanogasterfruit flies are of course repelled, but nine mutants have now been isolated that were not repelled. Although able to respond to attractant alone and to repellent alone, these mutants fail to make a decision when the two are together during the first two months of the study. They are considered defective in a decision-making mechanism. The defect occurs at 34°C but not at room temperature, so these are conditional mutants. Efforts at genetic mapping have been made. Our aim is to discover how decision making gets accomplished and how this results in a behavioral response. We indicate that there is a mechanistic relationship between decision making and the central complex inDrosophilaand between decision making and the prefrontal cortex in humans and other vertebrates.Over a period of six months these mutants changed into ones that are attracted when presented with attractant together with what was overpowering repellent before. Nearly full attraction was achieved at fifteen to thirty days. With attractant alone these mutants were attracted like the original parent and with repellents alone they were repelled like the original parent. The mutants have been genetically mapped.

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