Histological response to injury in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1158-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Bursey
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Histological Response ◽  
Wound Site

Observations are presented on the wound repair process of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. A cut, 1 × 40 × 3 mm, was made through the dorsal abdominal carapace and observations of the tissue at the wound site were made at 6, 24, 48, 96 h and 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days. The wound was immediately plugged by a hemolymph coagulum and there was heavy infiltration of hemocytes into the area. Infiltrating hemocytes undergo a series of changes. The outermost cells hyalinize and form a thick layer between the cut ends of the exoskeleton. Pigmented epithelial cells migrate into the scar and produce a layer of cuticle under the cut exoskeleton. During the remaining period of observation, the cuticular scab enlarged and the cellular mass that filled the wound channel was lost through a series of changes that eventually restored the original tissue structure.

Wound repair in a spider, Geolycosa pikei

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Bursey
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
Made In

Observations are presented on the wound repair process of a burrowing wolf spider, Geolycosa pikei. Awound,0.3 × 1.0 × 0.5 mm, was made in the superior lateral aspect of the abdomen and observations on tissue from the wound site were made at 2, 6, 12, 24 h, 4, 8, 16, 32, 60, 90, 120 days. The wound was plugged immediately by a hemolymph coagulum. With time, the external portion of the coagulum was reduced to a scale which bridged the hole in the exoskeleton; the internal portion of the coagulum was replaced by a fibrous mass which was gradually lost through a series of changes that eventually restored the original tissue structure.

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Modulate Wound Regeneration in Airway Epithelial Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lewandowska-Polak ◽  
Małgorzata Brauncajs ◽  
Marzanna Jarzębska ◽  
Małgorzata Pawełczyk ◽  
Marcin Kurowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Microbial Products

Background: Impaired regeneration of airway epithelium may lead to persistence of inflammation and remodelling. Regeneration of injured epithelium is a complex phenomenon and the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the stimulation of respiratory virus products in this process has not been established. Objective: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the wound repair process in airway epithelium is modulated by microbial products via toll-like receptors. Methods: Injured and not-injured bronchial epithelial cells (ECs) (BEAS-2B line) were incubated with the TLR agonists poly(I:C), lipopolisacharide (LPS), allergen Der p1, and supernatants from virus-infected epithelial cells, either alone or in combination with TLR inhibitors. Regeneration and immune response in injured and not-injured cells were studied. Results: Addition of either poly(I:C) or LPS to ECs induced a marked inhibition of wound repair. Supernatants from RV1b-infected cells also decreased regeneration. Preincubation of injured and not-injured ECs with TLR inhibitors decreased LPS and poly(I:C)-induced repair inhibition. TGF-β and RANTES mRNA expression was higher in injured ECs and IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-8, and VEGF mRNA expression was lower in damaged epithelium as compared to not-injured. Stimulation with poly(I:C) increased IFN-α and IFN-β mRNA expression in injured cells, and LPS stimulation decreased interferons mRNA expression both in not-injured and injured ECs. Conclusion: Regeneration of the airway epithelium is modulated by microbial products via toll-like receptors.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-328 is involved in wound repair process in human bronchial epithelial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Narożna ◽  
Wojciech Langwinski ◽  
Claire Jackson ◽  
Peter Lackie ◽  
John W. Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial

scholarly journals Membrane dynamics during cellular wound repair

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2272-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Davenport ◽  
Kevin J. Sonnemann ◽  
Kevin W. Eliceiri ◽  
William M. Bement
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Membrane Repair ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
Compound Exocytosis ◽  
Intracellular Compartments

Cells rapidly reseal after damage, but how they do so is unknown. It has been hypothesized that resealing occurs due to formation of a patch derived from rapid fusion of intracellular compartments at the wound site. However, patching has never been directly visualized. Here we study membrane dynamics in wounded Xenopus laevis oocytes at high spatiotemporal resolution. Consistent with the patch hypothesis, we find that damage triggers rampant fusion of intracellular compartments, generating a barrier that limits influx of extracellular dextrans. Patch formation is accompanied by compound exocytosis, local accumulation and aggregation of vesicles, and rupture of compartments facing the external environment. Subcellular patterning is evident as annexin A1, dysferlin, diacylglycerol, active Rho, and active Cdc42 are recruited to compartments confined to different regions around the wound. We also find that a ring of elevated intracellular calcium overlaps the region where membrane dynamics are most evident and persists for several minutes. The results provide the first direct visualization of membrane patching during membrane repair, reveal novel features of the repair process, and show that a remarkable degree of spatial patterning accompanies damage-induced membrane dynamics.

Quaternary structure of Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
T. Wichertjes ◽  
E.J. Kwak ◽  
E.F.J. Van Bruggen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Temperature Jump ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intact Molecule

Hemocyanin of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) has been studied in nany ways. Recently the structure, dissociation and reassembly was studied using electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens as the method of investigation. Crystallization of the protein proved to be possible and X-ray crystallographic analysis was started. Also fluorescence properties of the hemocyanin after dialysis against Tris-glycine buffer + 0.01 M EDTA pH 8.9 (so called “stripped” hemocyanin) and its fractions II and V were studied, as well as functional properties of the fractions by NMR. Finally the temperature-jump method was used for assaying the oxygen binding of the dissociating molecule and of preparations of isolated subunits. Nevertheless very little is known about the structure of the intact molecule. Schutter et al. suggested that the molecule possibly consists of two halves, combined in a staggered way, the halves themselves consisting of four subunits arranged in a square.

Correcting a 135-year error: Limulidae Leach, 1819 (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) is the proper authority, not Limulidae Zittel, 1885

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Philip M. Novack-Gottshall ◽  
Roy E. Plotnick
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Genus

The horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a famous species, renowned as a ‘living fossil’ (Owen, 1873; Barthel, 1974; Kin and Błażejowski, 2014) for its apparently little-changed morphology for many millions of years. The genus Limulus Müller, 1785 was used by Leach (1819, p. 536) as the basis of a new family Limulidae and synonymized it with Polyphemus Lamarck, 1801 (Lamarck's proposed but later unaccepted replacement for Limulus, as discussed by Van der Hoeven, 1838, p. 8) and Xyphotheca Gronovius, 1764 (later changed to Xiphosura Gronovius, 1764, another junior synonym of Limulus). He also included the valid modern genus Tachypleus Leach, 1819 in the family. The primary authority of Leach (1819) is widely recognized in the neontological literature (e.g., Dunlop et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2017). It is also the authority recognized in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2021).

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