Life history and microdistribution of Neureclipsis bimaculata (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) in a lake outflow stream of Alberta, Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2434-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richardson ◽  
Hugh F. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Major Structural Component ◽  
Sand Bottom

A population of Neureclipsis bimaculata was studied from November 1980 to September 1982. The life cycle was bivoltine during both years. Development was direct and the population overwintered as larvae. The summer generation took only 6 to 7 weeks to complete, while the winter generation took the remainder of the year. Adult emergence took place from late May to early September, with two distinct peaks corresponding to the two generations. In both years summer generation larvae and adults were much more numerous than the winter generation. Production of this population (both generations) was estimated at 3.43 g∙m−2∙year−1 (ash free dry mass). The type and abundance of aquatic macrophytes influenced larval microdistribution by acting as a substratum for the large capture nets of larvae. Potamogeton richardsonii and Equisetum were important substrata in summer. In winter, Chara was an important substratum, since it was the only major structural component on the mud-sand bottom during that season. Maintenance of capture nets was seasonal (May to September or early October) and appeared to be related to temperature. Cumulative degree-days were not sufficient to account for apparent differences in voltinism between populations; these differences may be a function of food supply, which in part is related to the productivity of the water body.

Characteristics of Attack of Coastal Timbers by Pselactus spadix (Herbst) (Col.: Curc.: Cossoninae) and an Investigation of its Life History

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Oevering ◽  
A.J. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Larval Instars

Summary Pselactus spadix attack of marine timbers was characterised by circular emergence holes 1.48±0.05 mm in diameter and adult tunnels (1.49±0.34 mm) breaking through the wood surface. Larval tunnels measured 0.407–1.892 mm in diameter, initiated from adult tunnels and increased in diameter away from the adult tunnel terminating in frass free pupal chambers (1.6±0.3 mm × 3.5±0.7 mm). Observations of larval tunnel locations indicated oviposition occurred inside the adult tunnels. P. spadix life history was investigated in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) heartwood at 22±2 °C and 99±1% r.h. Mean adult longevity was 11.5±6.5 months, with mean post-mating longevity for males (11.7±2.9 months) significantly longer than for females (6.3±1.1 months). Adults of at least 2–3 months old were found mating in galleries, which, with observations of the larval tunnel pattern, indicated P. spadix can complete its life cycle without emerging from wood. Five larval instars were identified by measurement of 1722 head capsule widths and application of Dyar's law. Mean development time from 2nd instar to adult emergence was 70.5±6.9 weeks and pupation took 14.6±5.8 days. Development from 2nd instar to reproductive adult took between 17–20 months, with life cycle approximating 24 months at 22±2 °C and 99±1%

The influence of parasitism on the life history of a high arctic insect, Gynaephora groenlandica (Wöcke) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kukal ◽  
Peter G. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gynaephora Groenlandica ◽  
Overall Mortality

The life history of Gynaephora groenlandica was studied in the high arctic at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island. Life history events (larval development, pupation, adult emergence, mating, oviposition, hatching, and moulting to the second larval instar) occurred only in the 3–4 weeks before mid-July. Larvae fed mainly on Salix arctica. They stopped feeding by the end of June, hid, and spun hibernacula. Nineteen percent of third- and fourth-instar larvae were parasitized by the wasp Hyposoter pectinatus (Ichenumonidae); 52% of fifth- and sixth-instar larvae and pupae were parasitized by the fly Exorista sp. (Tachinidae). We estimated that G. groenlandica has a life cycle lasting 14 years. Parasitism caused 56% of overall mortality, whereas cumulative winter mortality was calculated as 13% of a cohort passing through a 14-year life cycle. Peak of activity of adult parasitoids coincided with inactivity of Gynaephora larvae during July. Selective pressure of parasitism may restrict development of G. groenlandica to a short period before adult parasitoids are most active. The importance of parasitoids in the life history of G. groenlandica suggests that parasitism is as significant as climate in population regulation of insects living in the high arctic.

Life history and larval density of Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in Opa Reservoir spillway, Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
SYLVESTER OGBOGU ◽  
WILLIAMS ADU
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Head Capsule Width ◽  
Site Density

The life history and density of Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) were examined below Opa Reservoir in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. This caddisfly is the only species that occurs immediately below the impoundment auxiliary spillway where it closely associates with an aquatic bryophyte, Fontinalis sp. We collected larvae every month between July 2004 and June 2005 as long as larvae were available in the study site. The instar growth ratio was fairly constant and ranged from 1.198 to 1.402 (mean ± standard error = 1.285 ± 0.073) but mean head capsule width increased with larval development. The frequency distribution of head capsule width of larvae clustered into 5 size classes, suggesting 5 larval instars for C. digitata in the study site. Density of larvae ranged from 1,100 to 11,150 inds.m-2 (mean ± SE = 6739  inds.m-2 ± 3904.70), the highest densities occurring in October 2004 during the bloom of Fontinalis. The first larval instar appeared in July 2004. Adult emergence occurred mainly in December 2004 through January 2005 at the onset of reservoir draw-down and death of Fontinalis. These patterns indicate that C. digitata tended to show a univoltine life cycle in the study site.

Life cycles and drift of Trichoptera from a woodland stream in Minnesota

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Krueger ◽  
Edwin F. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
Standing Stocks ◽  
Stream Drift

Life cycles of Trichoptera from a stream riffle were determined from analyses of monthly size–frequency distributions of larvae, pupal densities, and observations of adult emergence. Two types of univoltine life cycles were observed (H. B. N. Hynes' classification): slow seasonal for Brachycentrus americanus, Brachycentrus occidentalism and Micrasema kluane, and fast seasonal for Lepidostoma bryanti. The life cycle for Glossosoma intermedium was primarily bivoltine with summer and winter generations; however, some larvae of the summer generation were suspected to overwinter as pupae or terminal instar larvae and emerge in the spring. Larval B. americanus and L. bryanti showed peak drift prior to pupation and emergence which thus appeared seasonally associated with life cycle. Stream drift of M. kluane and G. intermedium was low and exhibited no clear association with life cycle or season. Drift of B. americanus, M. kluane, L. bryanti, and G. intermedium was not correlated to standing stocks (p < 0.05).

Life history of Allocreadium fasciatusi Kakaji, 1969 (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) from the freshwater fish Aplocheilus melastigma McClelland

1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Madhavi
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Mesocyclops Leuckarti ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Intermediate Host

ABSTRACTThe life history of Allocreadium fasciatusi which occurs in the intestine of a freshwater fish Aplocheilus melastigma has been worked out in detail. The snail Amnicola travancorica acts as the first intermediate host. The miracidium hatching out from the eggs attacks the snail and passes through two generations of rediae. Cercariae are of ophthalmoxiphidiocercous type with very long tail and are identical to Cercariae Indicae XLIX Sewell, 1922. The cercariae penetrate and develop into metacercariae in the haemecoel of the copepods Mesocyclops leuckarti, Microcyclops varicans and Marcocyclops distructus. Upon ingestion by the definitive host, the metacercariae excyst and develop into adults. All the stages in the life cycle are described and the life cycle is compared with other allocreadiid life cycles. The original description of A. fasciatusi is revised and Psilostomum chilkai Chatterji, 1956 from Lates calcalifer is synonymized with it.

Life history and production of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in a spring-fed stream in Prince Edward Island, Canada: evidence for population asynchrony in spring habitats?

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Dobrin ◽  
Donna J Giberson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Thermal Patterns ◽  
Baetis Tricaudatus ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Eleven Species

We examined the life history and production of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) community along a 500-m stretch of a hydrologically stable cold springbrook in Prince Edward Island during 1997 and 1998. Six mayfly species (Ephemeroptera), 6 stonefly species (Plecoptera), and 11 caddisfly species (Trichoptera) were collected from benthic and emergence samples from five sites in Balsam Hollow Brook. Eleven species were abundant enough for life-history and production analysis: Baetis tricaudatus, Cinygmula subaequalis, Epeorus (Iron) fragilis, and Epeorus (Iron) pleuralis (Ephemeroptera), Paracapnia angulata, Sweltsa naica, Leuctra ferruginea, Amphinemura nigritta, and Nemoura trispinosa (Plecoptera), and Parapsyche apicalis and Rhyacophila brunnea (Trichoptera). Life-cycle timing of EPT taxa in Balsam Hollow Brook was generally similar to other literature reports, but several species showed extended emergence periods when compared with other studies, suggesting a reduction in synchronization of life-cycle timing, possibly as a result of the thermal patterns in the stream. Total EPT secondary production (June 1997 to May 1998) was 2.74–2.80 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass (size-frequency method). Mayflies were dominant, with a production rate of 2.2 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass, followed by caddisflies at 0.41 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass, and stoneflies at 0.19 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass. More than half of the species found in the study stream represented new distribution records for Prince Edward Island.

A survey of lifespan in Winterschmidtiidae (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHI-QIANG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Parasitic Mites

The Winterschmidtiidae are a family of over 140 species of fungivorous, saprophagous, predatory and/or parasitic mites in insect/vertebrate nests, in decaying organic matter, in soils and on plants worldwide. In this review, I provide a survey of the immature developmental time, adult longevity and lifespan of the Winterschmidtiidae as part of the series on the lifespans in the Acari. The complete life cycle in this family includes five immature stages (the egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and tritonymph) and adult male/female, with deutonymphs lost in some genera such as Czenspinskia and Oulenziella. Development or lifespan data have been reported for only three species (< 3%) of the Winterschmidtiidae, and the experimentally measured lifespans of one to two months most likely reflect those of the summer generation. Afrocalvolia nataliae has two generations per year: the summer generation, which has no deutonymph stage, is mainly devoted to feeding and reproduction and lasts for one month only; the winter generation, however, has a deutonymph stage to resist the cold conditions and lasts for as long as 11 months.

The transgenerational consequences of maternal parasitism for aphid life history and suitability for subsequent parasitism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A. Rasekh ◽  
M. R. Shahbazi-Gahrouhi ◽  
J. P. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Hind Tibia ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Fecundity Compensation ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Aphids parasitized in later instars can give birth to several nymphs before their reproduction is curtailed by the developing parasitoid. We examined the life histories of Aphis fabae Scopoli born to mothers parasitized by Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, and their suitability as subsequent hosts, to test the ‘fecundity compensation’ hypothesis. Maternal parasitism negatively impacted life history parameters, resulting in reduced estimates of population increase (rm, R0, and λ), and increased generation time (GT) and doubling time (DT). These impacts were greater when the larva developing in the mother turned out to be female rather than male, and greater still when mothers were superparasitized. Maternal parasitism produced aphids with shorter hind tibia (HTL), at birth and at maturity, but their developmental time was unaffected. Although female L. fabarum readily accepted such aphids for oviposition, rates of mummification and wasp emergence were lower, and more so when the maternal parasitoid was female. The resulting parasitoids took longer to develop than progeny from control wasps, had shorter HTLs, lower egg loads, smaller eggs, and produced fewer mummies with lower rates of adult emergence, all differences that were more pronounced when the maternal parasitoid was female. The progeny of these wasps exhibited similar impairments to these biological parameters as their parents, demonstrating that the negative impacts of development in maternally parasitized hosts extended for at least two generations. Thus, our results do not support fecundity compensation, but suggest that any benefits of post-parasitism reproduction will be offset by reduced fitness in both aphid progeny and the parasitoids that develop in them.

Life History and Some Habits of the Pine Gall Weevil, Podapion gallicola Riley, in Michigan

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 962-969
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year

AbstractThe pine gall weevil has a 3-year life cycle on red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in Michigan. Adults oviposit from June to August, depositing 1 to 10 eggs in a niche chewed in the bark of a branch internode. Larvae first emerge in August, feed as a group toward the cambium, and then radiate out along the xylem. Head capsule measurements from 1585 larvae indicate that there are three larval instars. Gall development begins in June of the second year, shortly after the larvae begin the second instar. The third instar commences in June of the third year. Pupation occurs in May of the fourth season; adult emergence follows in June. Overwintering occurs in the egg stage or in the three larval instars. Adults do not overwinter, and apparently three distinct broods occur in Michigan.

Pineus pineoides (Cholodkovsky) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) on Red Spruce in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 720-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
First Instar ◽  
First Time

AbstractPineus pineoides was found for the first time in North America in New Brunswick in 1948, on red spruce, Picea rubens Sarg. It is the first known species of Adelgidae in North America to complete its life cycle on spruce without producing galls or winged forms. The life history is compared with that in Europe. The first-instar nymph and the adult of the summer generation are described and compared with those from Europe.

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