Territory dynamics and patterns of female recruitment in Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Dickinson ◽  
M. R. Lein

The territorial boundaries defended by male Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) shifted over the course of the breeding season. The establishment of new males in a colony, the redefinition of boundaries among neighbors, and the recruitment of new females were all related to changes in boundary locations. No significant correlations were found between harem size and either territory size or the abundance of preferred nesting sites. High rates of aggressive interactions did, however, coincide with the recruitment of new females and accompanied territory shifts. Many boundary changes were associated with the guarding by males of females that were showing interest in nest sites outside the area formerly defended by the male. If a female's behavior in an area precipitates conflicts among neighboring males, then it could be a mechanism whereby females simultaneously compare the attributes of males and influence the quality of their territories. Such a mechanism would ensure that a female obtains what she has determined to be the best available nest site and a male that can defend her choice. A more active role for females should be included in models of the evolution of mating systems.

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Weatherhead ◽  
Raleigh J. Robertson

The relationships between harem size, territory size, nest site suitability, and fledging success were studied for a breeding population of redwinged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Reproductive success was correlated negatively with female breeding density within territories and positively with territory quality as determined from nest site parameters. Harem size was not correlated with differences in either territory area or quality. From these results we suggest that some females were attracted to nest in territories in which their chances of successful reproduction were lower than if they had chosen other available territories. To explain the selective advantage of such choices, we postulate that females were choosing mates which would enhance their ultimate fitness rather than their immediate reproductive success.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Changzhang Feng ◽  
Wei Liang

The quality of breeding habitat may directly affect the survival and development of progeny. Therefore, the selection of a suitable nest-site is an important factor affecting the reproductive success of birds. The most important reason for a bird’s reproductive failure is nest predation. Predation may cause birds to change their nest-sites and even nest morphology. Here we investigated the nest-site characteristics by long-tailed broadbills ( Psarisomus dalhousiae) in Nonggang, Guangxi, southwestern China. Our results showed that long-tailed broadbills in Nonggang mainly build their nests on power lines (88.5%) and nest-site selection was mainly affected by predation pressure and food resources. At the same time, nest-site concealment was trade-off against predator avoidance. This anti-predator strategy effectively utilizes human infrastructure.


2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Dejean ◽  
Sébastien Durou ◽  
Ingrid Olmsted ◽  
Roy R. Snelling ◽  
Jérôme Orivel

The distribution of the arboreal ant community plus a termite species of the genus Nasutitermes was inventoried on 938 red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., trees in a completely flooded mangrove forest of the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Colonies sheltered in dry hollow branches of the trees and the pseudobulbs of the epiphytic orchid, Myrmecophila christinae. Two size classes of dry hollow tree branches were categorized in order to test differences in ant distribution. As some trees remained unoccupied by either an ant or a termite colony, we deduced that the competition for nesting sites was low. Differences in the composition of the ant community corresponded to the nature of the shelters (i.e. diameter of the hollow branches or orchid pseudobulbs). The ant fauna was richer in the large dry hollow branches of R. mangle than in the smaller ones, with certain ant species belonging to the subfamilies Ponerinae and Formicinae being significantly more frequent in the large dry hollow branches than in the small ones. Cephalotes and Pseudomyrmex were the most frequent ant genera inhabiting the dry branches of R. mangle, while Dolichoderus bispinosus was the most frequent ant species inhabiting the orchid pseudobulbs. Arboreal Nasutitermes sp. selected mostly the orchid pseudobulbs and thus indirectly interfered with ant nest-site selection. Our results highlight niche differentiation through the selection of nest sites among different types of shelter.


1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1991-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Whoriskey ◽  
G. J. FitzGerald

In a field population of Gasterosteus aculeatus, analysis of the patterns of nest destruction following removal of males indicated that nest site variables per se offered little protection against egg predation in the absence of paternal defense. These experiments also indicated that male breeding densities were not limited by a lack of space for territories. We suggest that site quality and male quality, which is determined in part by the quality of parental defense, interact to determine the number of eggs a male can hatch.


1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Guinan ◽  
Spencer G. Sealy

Foraging behaviour and substrate use by the primarily insectivorous house wren (Troglodytes aedon) were studied during the 1982 breeding season at 10 natural nesting sites in the dune-ridge forest, Delta Marsh, Manitoba. The foraging variables, i.e., time of season, gender, nesting stage, nest site, and time of day, interacted significantly. Wrens gleaned prey off substrate in 82.5% of the prey captures observed. Foraging behaviour varied greatly among the nest sites studied because of prevailing local differences in habitat, and possibly prey availability. The plant species from which wrens gleaned their prey correlated closely with the availability of the substrates in the habitat surrounding each nest site.


1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1394-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Meek ◽  
Robert M. R. Barclay

We assessed the settlement pattern of colonial Cliff Swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota) to examine whether they avoid settling near to each other or prefer to nest in close proximity. Male Cliff Swallows occupied and defended nests before females paired with them, and males settled next to other males significantly more often than expected by chance. In contrast to that of males, female settlement was not significantly different from random: females neither preferred nor avoided settling next to other Cliff Swallows, nor did females select old nests on the basis of nest stability. Neither males nor females chose nests in the same order from year to year, suggesting that quality of old nests was not an important factor affecting settlement patterns. Male arrival date is related to quality in some species, but female Cliff Swallows did not select the earliest arriving males. There was also no correlation between the order in which females chose mates and male traits. All nest sites may have offered females an equal probability of success, leading to random settlement with respect to other females, nests, and males.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20130685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Doran ◽  
Tom Pearce ◽  
Aaron Connor ◽  
Thomas Schlegel ◽  
Elizabeth Franklin ◽  
...  

Organisms should invest more in gathering information when the pay-off from finding a profitable resource is likely to be greater. Here, we ask whether animal societies put more effort in scouting for a new nest when their current one is of low quality. We measured the scouting behaviour of Temnothorax albipennis ant colonies when they inhabit nest-sites with different combinations of desirable attributes. We show that the average probability of an ant scouting decreases significantly with an increase in the quality of the nest in which the colony currently resides. This means that the greater the potential gain from finding a new nest, the more effort a colony puts into gathering information regarding new nest-sites. Our results show, for the first time to our knowledge, the ability of animal societies to respond collectively to the quality of a resource they currently have at their disposal (e.g. current nest-site) and regulate appropriately their information gathering efforts for finding an alternative (e.g. a potentially better nest-site).


The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila A. Rangen ◽  
Robert G. Clark ◽  
Keith A. Hobson

AbstractRelatively little is known about the role of predation in shaping patterns of coexistence and nest dispersion of songbird species. It has been hypothesized that predators diversify songbird communities by preying more heavily on individuals and species with greatest similarity in nest-site use. To investigate the importance of predation, we tested how predators responded to assemblages of artificial songbird nests that varied in nest-site placement, vegetation features, and nest dispersion patterns in boreal forest of west-central Alberta, Canada. Variability among nest sites was achieved by deploying wicker nests throughout a gradient of vegetation cover and by deploying nests to simulate two- and three-species assemblages. Two-species assemblages, comprising 20 simulated White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) and 3 simulated Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) nests, and three-species assemblages, comprising 10 simulated White-throated Sparrow, 9 simulated Hermit Thrush, and 4 simulated Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) nests, were deployed in eight replicate plots. We hypothesized that predators would be more adept at locating and depredating (1) nests characterized by similar vegetation features in nest patches; (2) nests of similar appearance or nest guild; and (3) clumped versus randomly distributed nests. Contrary to predictions, predation did not increase as variance in vegetation of nest sites decreased across 16 nest-predation plots, nor did variance in vegetation of successful nests increase as predation level increased across 15 nest-predation plots. The addition of one species' nest type to assemblages did not result in lower predation rates. Predators also did not depredate more clumped nests than randomly distributed nests. Overall, predation did not appear to influence patterns of songbird species coexistence or nest dispersion. Abilities of predators to discriminate among less-similar versus more-similar nest sites and nest-dispersion patterns are probably species-specific; that is probably related to the hunting behavior of predators (i.e. use of olfactory and visual cues) and territory size.


1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2255-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. J. Morris ◽  
Robert E. Lemon

We consider the hypothesis that mate choice in American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) depends primarily on features of territories held by males. We test the hypothesis that the territories of yearling males are demonstrably different from and inferior for reproduction to those of adult males. Territories held by the two age-classes in New Brunswick, Canada, were floristically different, but there were also major differences in territorial features in three microgeographic areas, both within each age-group and without regard to age. There were greater differences in nest success between areas than between the age-classes. We detected no differences in immediate nest site features between nests built by the mates of yearling and adult males. There were differences across the three areas in the species of trees used as nest sites, probably reflecting differences in availability. Support for the claim of different reproductive success in relation to quality of territories held by the two age-classes of males is not convincing.


The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Velando ◽  
Juan Freire

AbstractThe central-periphery distribution model of nest dispersion suggests that nests located in the center of a colony are less accessible to predators and that birds breeding in the central area are of better physical quality and have greater reproductive success. Another hypothesis, the central-satellite distribution model, suggests that low-quality birds build their nests near those of high-quality pairs, which do not necessarily settle in the colony's center. Advantages of this type of association include increasing the opportunity for extra-pair copulation by low-quality females and increasing the potential for low-quality individuals to obtain a better breeding site or partner in the following season. Here we test these hypotheses on two colonies (Portelo and Faro) of the European Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) on the Cíes Islands, Galicia, northwest Spain. Spatial distribution of pairs differing in quality was analyzed using residuals of reproductive success, eliminating the effect of physical quality of the nest site. A negative autocorrelation of these residuals between nests at short distances was detected for the Portelo colony. In Faro there was no evidence that nest distribution differed from a random distribution. Occupation of nest sites (measured as new nest or reoccupied nest) showed negative autocorrelation at short distances, implying that there was an association between new and reoccupied sites. These results demonstrate that nest distribution of European Shag colonies does not fit the central-periphery model, but rather corresponds to either the central-satellite model or to a random distribution.¿Es Generalizable el Modelo Centro-Periferia a Todas las Colonias de Aves Marinas? Distribución Espacial de los Nidos en Phalacrocorax aristotelisResumen. La distribución de los nidos en aves coloniales puede ser explicada por dos modelos. El modelo centro-periferia implica que las aves que crían en el centro de una colonia son menos accesibles a los depredadores, poseen una mejor condición y tienen un mayor éxito reproductivo. En cambio, el modelo centro-satélite sugiere que aves de baja calidad construyen sus nidos cerca de parejas de alta calidad para obtener ventajas como un mayor número de cópulas extrapareja por parte de hembras de baja calidad o un mejor sitio de cría o pareja en la siguiente estación de cría. En el presente estudio, nosotros contrastamos estos modelos con la distribución de la calidad de las parejas de Phalacrocorax aristotelis en dos colonias (Portelo y Faro) de las Islas Cíes situadas en Galicia, noroeste de España. Hemos utilizado como indicador de la calidad de la pareja los residuales del éxito reproductor, eliminando el efecto de la calidad del sitio de nido. En la colonia del Portelo se observó una correlación negativa entre la calidad de las parejas a una distancia menor de 4 m; en el Faro, en cambio, no hubo evidencias de una distribución diferente al azar. Además, se encontró una correlación espacial negativa entre los sitios de nido en los que se construyó un nido por primera vez y los sitios que fueron reocupados. En global, estos resultados muestran que la distribución de las colonias del P. aristotelis no corresponde al modelo centro-periferia, sino más bien al modelo centro-satélite o en todo caso, a una distribución al azar.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document