The current demographic situation of the Transbaikal Territory: dynamics and orientation of the main indicators

Relevance. The conflict, which has become especially acute in recent years, associated with the growing contradictions between regional demographic problems and the objective needs for population reproduction, actualizes the problem of identifying and analyzing demographic events affecting the population, which is extremely important in the light of the strategic directions of the Transbaikal Territory development. The object of the study is the current demographic situation of the Transbaikal Territory, the subject is the dynamics and orientation of the main indicators characterizing the demographic situation. The purpose of the study is to identify and assess the dynamics and direction of the main indicators characterizing the demographic situation of the Transbaikal Territory. The task is to determine the direction of changes in the main demographic indicators for the period 2018-2020, characterizing the demographic situation of the Transbaikal Territory. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach as a set of general scientific methodological principles, which are based on the consideration of objects as a system, as well as a structural and functional approach based on the allocation of their structure in integral systems. The solution of the problem was carried out on the basis of the use of general logical methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the period 2018-2020 and partially 2021 with the use statistical data, the trend of a significant natural decline in the population of the Transbaikal Territory, associated with childbirth due to the annual loss of women of the main reproductive cohorts, was revealed; a sharp increase in the marriage/divorce ratio to 88.1% is significantly lower than the maximum critical value (2.15) of the total fertility rate adopted in world practice to assess the sustainability of population reproduction. The forecast for 2021 of the natural decline of the population of the Transbaikal Territory is given, mainly more than 3 thousand people. The epidemic contribution to the mortality of the population in 2020 is estimated and the first half of 2021. It is shown that migration for the population of the Transbaikal Territory is unprofitable, an alarming fact is the decline of the working – age population-about 10 thousand people in three years. It is established that foreign labour migration does not have any noticeable quantitative impact on the population of the Transbaikal Territory and only simplifies its qualitative structure, strengthening the component, primarily focused on low-productivity physical labour

Oslo's waterfront and urban territory: dynamics of transformation

Its location at the end of a fjord has made Oslo the largest national infrastructure hub and Norway's most important industrial city and port. Nevertheless, with deindustrialisation, its roles as city capital and the centre of an increasingly more integrated region represent the most advanced state of the transformation of urban areas. One result of the social democratic economy was the strong centralisation of administrations and R&D. With an expanding knowledge economy, the urban centre is specialising. The paradigm of global competition between urban regions and the conviction that urban development and innovation are interdependent, is influencing national policies. The state is directly involved in the construction of a new image for the urban region: Fjord City. The new waterfront, however, represents just one element in an urban and regional system that is changing profoundly.

Territory dynamics and patterns of female recruitment in Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)

The territorial boundaries defended by male Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) shifted over the course of the breeding season. The establishment of new males in a colony, the redefinition of boundaries among neighbors, and the recruitment of new females were all related to changes in boundary locations. No significant correlations were found between harem size and either territory size or the abundance of preferred nesting sites. High rates of aggressive interactions did, however, coincide with the recruitment of new females and accompanied territory shifts. Many boundary changes were associated with the guarding by males of females that were showing interest in nest sites outside the area formerly defended by the male. If a female's behavior in an area precipitates conflicts among neighboring males, then it could be a mechanism whereby females simultaneously compare the attributes of males and influence the quality of their territories. Such a mechanism would ensure that a female obtains what she has determined to be the best available nest site and a male that can defend her choice. A more active role for females should be included in models of the evolution of mating systems.