Relative fertility in hybridization experiments using three song types of the held crickets Gryllus integer and Gryllus rubens

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2390-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Smith ◽  
William H. Cade
Keyword(s):  
Variable Number ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Reproductive Incompatibility ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Gryllus Rubens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Song Types ◽  
Gryllus Integer ◽  
Relative Fertility

Species-specific calling songs of male field crickets attract conspecific females. Each wing closure results in a pulse of sound, and the song is composed of pulses arranged in species-specific patterns of short chirps, long continuous trills, or intermediates between chirps and trills. California Gryllus integer has a song with pulses of sound delivered in groups of two or three to produce a chirp, but in central Texas, the G. integer song has a variable number of pulses delivered in long continuous trills. Gryllus rubens occurs from eastern Texas to Florida and has a trilling song with a slower pulse rate than that of Texas G. integer. Identification of these three groups in the laboratory was confirmed by recording and analyzing songs for California and Texas G. integer and G. rubens males. All possible crosses were performed in the laboratory between conspecifics and heterospecifics. No progeny resulted in California G. integer and Texas G. integer or California G. integer and G. rubens crosses. Hybrids were produced in G. rubens and Texas G. integer crosses. Results suggest that California and Texas G. integer are different species, or at least populations geographically separated enough to result in reproductive incompatibility and different song types. Texas G. integer and G. rubens are apparently closely related species.

Nightly and hourly rates of attraction of flying field crickets, Gryllus integer, to conspecific song

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2540-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Cade
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Cricket Song ◽  
Gryllus Integer

Nightly and hourly rates of attraction of flying field crickets, Gryllus integer, to conspecific calling song were studied in an arena placed in the natural habitat of the species in central Texas. Calling of male G. integer in the arena and tape-recorded broadcasts of conspecific song were the sources of cricket song that subsequently attracted flying crickets. Observations were conducted for 10 h from approximately 1.5–2 h past sunset to 3 h past sunrise for 97 nights in 1983 and 1985–1988, using calling males, and for 4 nights in 1988, using taped song. The number of crickets attracted each night varied greatly, significantly more females were attracted, the numbers of males and females attracted decreased near sunrise, and significantly more crickets entered the arena from 2 to 6 h than from 7 to 11 h past sunset. Results are discussed in the context of mating behavior and sexual selection in this and other species.

Geographic variation in hybrid fertility in the field crickets Gryllus integer, G. rubens, and Gryllus sp.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2697-2700 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Cade ◽  
Michael G. Tyshenko
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Hybrid Fertility ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Gryllus Integer

Hybridization was attempted between three geographically separated field cricket populations having males that produce distinct songs. Gryllus integer from central Texas and G. rubens from Arkansas produced many offspring in both reciprocal crosses. Gryllus sp. from New Mexico also produced hybrid offspring in matings with G. integer and G. rubens but at a very low frequency and only in crosses where the female was Gryllus sp. In previous experiments, G. integer from California was unable to hybridize with G. integer from Texas and G. rubens.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of 5S rDNA Non-Transcribed Spacers in Elaeagnaceae Species

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Oleg S. Alexandrov ◽  
Olga V. Razumova ◽  
Gennady I. Karlov
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Shepherdia Canadensis

5S rDNA is organized as a cluster of tandemly repeated monomers that consist of the conservative 120 bp coding part and non-transcribed spacers (NTSs) with different lengths and sequences among different species. The polymorphism in the 5S rDNA NTSs of closely related species is interesting for phylogenetic and evolutional investigations, as well as for the development of molecular markers. In this study, the 5S rDNA NTSs were amplified with universal 5S1/5S2 primers in some species of the Elaeagnaceae Adans. family. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of five Elaeagnus species had similar lengths near 310 bp and were different from Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. and Sh. argentea (Pusch.) Nutt. samples (260 bp and 215 bp, respectively). The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. An analysis of the sequences revealed that intraspecific levels of NTS identity are high (approximately 95–96%) and similar in the Elaeagnus L. species. In Sh. argentea, this level was slightly lower due to the differences in the poly-T region. Moreover, the intergeneric and intervarietal NTS identity levels were studied and compared. Significant differences between species (except E. multiflora Thunb. and E. umbellata Thunb.) and genera were found. Herein, a range of the NTS features is discussed. This study is another step in the investigation of the molecular evolution of Elaeagnaceae and may be useful for the development of species-specific DNA markers in this family.

scholarly journals Repeated evolution of asymmetric genitalia and right-sided mating behavior in theDrosophila nannopteraspecies group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Acurio ◽  
Flor T. Rhebergen ◽  
Sarah Paulus ◽  
Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo ◽  
Michael Lang
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Drosophila Pachea ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Group Species

AbstractBackgroundMale genitals have repeatedly evolved left-right asymmetries, and the causes of such evolution remain unclear. TheDrosophila nannopteragroup contains four species, among which three exhibit left-right asymmetries of distinct genital organs. In the most studied species,Drosophila pachea, males display asymmetric genital lobes and they mate right-sided on top of the female. Copulation position of the other species is unknown.ResultsTo assess whether the evolution of genital asymmetry could be linked to the evolution of one-sided mating, we examined phallus morphology and copulation position inD. pacheaand closely related species. The phallus was found to be symmetric in all investigated species exceptD. pachea, which display an asymmetric phallus with a right-sided gonopore, andD. acanthoptera, which harbor an asymmetrically bent phallus. In all examined species, males were found to position themselves symmetrically on top of the female, except inD. pacheaandD. nannoptera, where males mated right-sided, in distinctive, species-specific positions. In addition, the copulation duration was found to be increased innannopteragroup species compared to closely related outgroup species.ConclusionOur study shows that gains, and possibly losses, of asymmetry in genital morphology and mating position have evolved repeatedly in thenannopteragroup. Current data does not allow us to conclude whether genital asymmetry has evolved in response to changes in mating position, or vice versa.

scholarly journals Nanopore amplicon sequencing reveals molecular convergence and local adaptation of opsin genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Eaton ◽  
Moisés A. Bernal ◽  
Nathan J.C. Backenstose ◽  
Trevor J. Krabbenhoft
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Species Flock ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
Potential Case ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractLocal adaptation can drive diversification of closely related species across environmental gradients and promote convergence of distantly related taxa that experience similar conditions. We examined a potential case of adaptation to novel visual environments in a species flock (Great Lakes salmonids, genus Coregonus) using a new amplicon genotyping protocol on the Oxford Nanopore Flongle. Five visual opsin genes were amplified for individuals of C. artedi, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, and C. zenithicus. Comparisons revealed species-specific differences in the coding sequence of rhodopsin (Tyr261Phe substitution), suggesting local adaptation by C. kiyi to the blue-shifted depths of Lake Superior. Parallel evolution and “toggling” at this amino acid residue has occurred several times across the fish tree of life, resulting in identical changes to the visual systems of distantly related taxa across replicated environmental gradients. Our results suggest that ecological differences and local adaptation to distinct visual environments are strong drivers of both evolutionary parallelism and diversification.

scholarly journals Behavioral syndromes shape evolutionary trajectories via conserved genetic architecture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Royauté ◽  
Ann Hedrick ◽  
Ned A. Dochtermann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Behavioral Syndromes ◽  
Behavioral Syndrome ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Gryllus Integer

AbstractBehaviors are often correlated within broader syndromes, creating the potential for evolution in one behavior to drive evolutionary changes in other behaviors. Despite demonstrations that behavioral syndromes are common across taxa, whether this potential for evolutionary effects is realized has not yet been demonstrated. Here we show that populations of field crickets (Gryllus integer) exhibit a genetically conserved behavioral syndrome structure despite differences in average behaviors. We found that the distribution of genetic variation and genetic covariance among behavioral traits was consistent with genes and cellular mechanisms underpinning behavioral syndromes rather than correlated selection. Moreover, divergence among populations’ average behaviors was constrained by the genetically conserved behavioral syndrome. Our results demonstrate that a conserved genetic architecture linking behaviors has shaped the evolutionary trajectories of populations in disparate environments—illustrating an important way by which behavioral syndromes result in shared evolutionary fates.

scholarly journals Examination of Taxonomic Uncertainties Surrounding Brucella abortus bv. 7 by Phenotypic and Molecular Approaches

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1570-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Garin-Bastuji ◽  
Virginie Mick ◽  
Gilles Le Carrou ◽  
Sebastien Allix ◽  
Lorraine L. Perrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Content Classification ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Kenyan Strain

ABSTRACTBrucellataxonomy is perpetually being reshuffled, at both the species and intraspecies levels. Biovar 7 ofBrucella abortuswas suspended from theApproved Lists of Bacterial NamesBrucellaclassification in 1988, because of unpublished evidence that the reference strain 63/75 was a mixture ofB. abortusbiovars 3 and 5. To formally clarify the situation, all isolates previously identified asB. abortusbv. 7 in the AHVLA and ANSES strain collections were characterized by classical microbiological and multiple molecular approaches. Among the 14 investigated strains, including strain 63/75, only four strains, isolated in Kenya, Turkey, and Mongolia, were pure and showed a phenotypic profile in agreement with the former biovar 7, particularly agglutination with both anti-A/anti-M monospecific sera. These results were strengthened by molecular strategies. Indeed, genus- and species-specific methods allowed confirmation that the four pure strains belonged to theB. abortusspecies. The combination of most approaches excluded their affiliation with the recognized biovars (biovars 1 to 6 and 9), while some suggested that they were close to biovar 3.These assays were complemented by phylogenetic and/or epidemiological methods, such as multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis. The results of this polyphasic investigation allow us to propose the reintroduction of biovar 7 into theBrucellaclassification, with at least three representative strains. Interestingly, the Kenyan strain, sharing the same biovar 7 phenotype, was genetically divergent from other three isolates. These discrepancies illustrate the complexity ofBrucellataxonomy. This study suggests that worldwide collections could include strains misidentified asB. abortusbv. 7, and it highlights the need to verify their real taxonomic position.

scholarly journals Sex aggregation and species segregation cues in swarming mosquitoes: role of ground visual markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge B. Poda ◽  
Charles Nignan ◽  
Olivier Gnankiné ◽  
Roch K. Dabiré ◽  
Abdoulaye Diabaté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Visual Markers ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Marker Size ◽  
Swarm Size ◽  
Species Segregation

Abstract Background Mating swarm segregation in closely related insect species may contribute to reproductive isolation. Visual markers are used for swarm formation; however, it is unknown whether they play a key role in swarm location, species segregation and sex aggregation. Methods Using two sympatric closely related species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, An. coluzzii and An. gambiae (s.s.), we investigated in both laboratory and semi-field conditions (i) whether males of the two species use visual markers (black cloths) to locate their swarm; and (ii) whether the presence/absence and size of the marker may differentially affect swarm characteristics. We also investigated whether conspecific virgin females use these markers to join male swarm sites. Results We showed that males of the two species used visual markers but in different ways: An. coluzzii swarm right above the marker whereas An. gambiae (s.s.) locate their swarm at a constant distance of 76.4 ± 0.6 cm from a 20 × 20 cm marker in the laboratory setup and at 206 ± 6 cm from a 60 × 60 cm marker in the semi-field setup. Although increased marker size recruited more mosquitoes and consequently increased the swarm size in the two species, An. coluzzii swarms flew higher and were stretched both vertically and horizontally, while An. gambiae (s.s.) swarms were only stretched horizontally. Virgin females displayed a swarm-like behavior with similar characteristics to their conspecific males. Conclusions Our results provided experimental evidence that both An. coluzzii and An. gambiae (s.s.) males use ground visual markers to form and locate their swarm at species-specific locations. Moreover, the marker size differentially affected swarm characteristics in the two species. Our results also showed that virgin females displayed a swarm-like behavior. However, these “swarms” could be due to the absence of males in our experimental conditions. Nevertheless, the fact that females displayed these “swarms” with the same characteristics as their respective males provided evidence that visual markers are used by the two sexes to join mating spots. Altogether, this suggests that visual markers and the way species and sexes use them could be key cues in species segregation, swarm location and recognition.

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