Opiates and deer mouse behaviour: differences between island and mainland populations

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2504-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan G. L. Innes ◽  
Martin Kavaliers
Keyword(s):  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Opiate Receptor ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Mouse Behaviour ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Μ Opiate Receptor ◽  
Neurochemical Correlates

A number of the behavioural and ecological characteristics of island populations of small mammals differ from their mainland counterparts. Little is known, however, about possible neurochemical correlates of these behavioural differences. Substantial evidence indicates that endogenous opioid peptides are differentially involved in the regulation of the expression of fundamental behavioural and physiological functions, including responses to aversive stimuli and enhanced nociceptive thresholds (analgesia). In the present study, we compared the effects of peripherally administered δ- κ-, and μ-opiate receptor directed agonists and antagonists on the analgesic responses and locomotor activity of four different populations of male and female deer mice: Peromyscus maniculatus artemisiae and P. m. nebrascensis from mainlands, and P. m. angustus and P. m. triangularis from small islands. The insular deer mice displayed markedly greater μ-opiate and significantly lower δ- and κ-opiate mediated responses than the mainland animals. In all of the populations males displayed significantly greater opiate-induced analgesic responses and locomotory changes than females. These results demonstrate that there are marked population and sex differences in the opiate-mediated behavioural responses of deer mice. These "pharmaco-ecological" findings also suggest that the behavioural differences between island and mainland populations of deer mice may, in part, be related to differences in opioid activity.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in the North American deer mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Griffin ◽  
Mable Chan ◽  
Nikesh Tailor ◽  
Emelissa J. Mendoza ◽  
Anders Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
North American ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
The North ◽  
Wild Deer ◽  
Theoretical Risk

AbstractWidespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans raises the theoretical risk of reverse zoonosis events with wildlife, reintroductions of SARS-CoV-2 into permissive nondomesticated animals. Here we report that North American deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection following intranasal exposure to a human isolate, resulting in viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract with little or no signs of disease. Further, shed infectious virus is detectable in nasal washes, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs, and viral RNA is detectable in feces and occasionally urine. We further show that deer mice are capable of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to naïve deer mice through direct contact. The extent to which these observations may translate to wild deer mouse populations remains unclear, and the risk of reverse zoonosis and/or the potential for the establishment of Peromyscus rodents as a North American reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown.

scholarly journals Suppression of vagus-mediated pancreatic polypeptide release by the μ-opiate receptor agonist loperamide in man

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUDOLF L. RIEPL ◽  
BÄRBEL REICHARDT ◽  
CHRISTOPH J. AUERNHAMMER ◽  
GERALD BEIER ◽  
JOCHEN SCHOPOHL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Opiate Receptor ◽  
Μ Opiate Receptor

The ecology of the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus in a coastal coniferous forest. II. Reproduction

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. F. S. Sadleir
Keyword(s):  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The duration and intensity of reproduction in deer mice was followed for four seasons by live and dead trapping. Three populations living in different types of forest habitat had synchronous breeding seasons, although there were major differences between years in the time of onset and cessation of breeding and in the proportion of females in breeding condition. No consistent relationships were found between either density changes or the incidence of parasitism and reproductive phenology. In the absence of overt food fluctuations there was a relationship between unseasonable temperature changes and breeding. Sudden increases in temperature may have stimulated the onset of breeding but its cessation before the autumn equinox was always associated with a considerable decrease in temperature if this occurred after April. In 57 pregnancies the corpora lutea count was 4.75 ± 1.12 and embryo count was 4.52 ± 1.16. [Formula: see text].

Regional dependence of morphine-induced μ-opiate receptor down-regulation in perinatal rat brain

1991 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald P. Hammer ◽  
Joruel V. Seatriz ◽  
Arleen R. Ricalde
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Opiate Receptor ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Μ Opiate Receptor

Tail length evolution in deer mice: linking morphology, behavior and function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R Hager ◽  
Hopi E Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Long Tails ◽  
And Function

Abstract Determining how variation in morphology affects animal performance (and ultimately fitness) is key to understanding the complete process of evolutionary adaptation. Long tails have evolved many times in arboreal and semi-arboreal rodents; in deer mice, long tails have evolved repeatedly in populations occupying forested habit even within a single species (Peromyscus maniculatus). Here we use a combination of functional modeling, laboratory studies, and museum records to test hypotheses about the function of tail-length variation in deer mice. First, we use computational models, informed by museum records documenting natural variation in tail length, to test whether differences in tail morphology between forest and prairie subspecies can influence performance in behavioral contexts relevant for tail use. We find that the deer mouse tail plays little role in statically adjusting center of mass or in correcting body pitch and yaw, but rather it can affect body roll during arboreal locomotion. In this context, we find that even intraspecific tail-length variation could result in substantial differences in how much body rotation results from equivalent tail motions (i.e., tail effectiveness), but the relationship between commonly-used metrics of tail-length variation and effectiveness is non-linear. We further test whether caudal vertebra length, number, and shape are associated with differences in how much the tail can bend to curve around narrow substrates (i.e., tail curvature) and find that, as predicted, the shape of the caudal vertebrae is associated with intervertebral bending angle across taxa. However, although forest and prairie mice typically differ in both the length and number of caudal vertebrae, we do not find evidence that this pattern is the result of a functional trade-off related to tail curvature. Together, these results highlight how even simple models can both generate and exclude hypotheses about the functional consequences of trait variation for organismal-level performance.

The Archaeology of Prehistoric Oceania

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan E. Cochrane ◽  
Terry L. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Geographic Regions

The archaeological record of Oceania stretches over one-third of the earth’s surface with the first humans entering Oceania 50,000 years ago and with the last major archipelago settled approximately a.d. 1300. Oceania is often divided into the cultural-geographic regions of Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia, but these divisions mask much variation, and they do not always accurately characterize the historical relationships among Oceania’s populations. Since the 1950s, archaeological researchers have investigated Oceania’s human and environmental past and have focused on colonization chronologies and the origins of different populations, the intensity and spatial scale of interaction between groups, and changes in social complexity through time and space with a particular concern for the development of chiefdoms. Oceanic archaeologists often use historical linguistics, human genetics, and cultural evolution models to structure their research on ancient Pacific island populations.

μ Opiate receptor

1998 ◽  
pp. 833-834
Author(s):  
Tak W. Mak ◽  
Josef Penninger ◽  
John Roder ◽  
Janet Rossant ◽  
Mary Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Opiate Receptor ◽  
Μ Opiate Receptor

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of a Sin Nombre Virus Transmission Model in Peromyscus maniculatus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Warner ◽  
Derek Stein ◽  
Bryan Griffin ◽  
Kevin Tierney ◽  
Anders Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Sin Nombre Virus ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Heat Shock Responses

In North America, Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the main cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe respiratory disease with a fatality rate of 35–40%. SNV is a zoonotic pathogen carried by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and few studies have been performed examining its transmission in deer mouse populations. Studying SNV and other hantaviruses can be difficult due to the need to propagate the virus in vivo for subsequent experiments. We show that when compared with standard intramuscular infection, the intraperitoneal infection of deer mice can be as effective in producing SNV stocks with a high viral RNA copy number, and this method of infection provides a more reproducible infection model. Furthermore, the age and sex of the infected deer mice have little effect on viral replication and shedding. We also describe a reliable model of direct experimental SNV transmission. We examined the transmission of SNV between deer mice and found that direct contact between deer mice is the main driver of SNV transmission rather than exposure to contaminated excreta/secreta, which is thought to be the main driver of transmission of the virus to humans. Furthermore, increases in heat shock responses or testosterone levels in SNV-infected deer mice do not increase the replication, shedding, or rate of transmission. Here, we have demonstrated a model for the transmission of SNV between deer mice, the natural rodent reservoir for the virus. The use of this model will have important implications for further examining SNV transmission and in developing strategies for the prevention of SNV infection in deer mouse populations.

Demographic responses of small mammal populations to a herbicide application in coastal coniferous forest: population density and resiliency

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Small Mammal Species ◽  
Demographic Responses

This study was designed to assess the demographic responses of small mammal populations to herbicide-induced habitat alteration in a 7-year-old Douglas-fir plantation near Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada. Populations of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Oregon vole (Microtus oregoni), Townsend chipmunk (Eutamias townsendii), and shrews (Sorex spp.) were sampled in control and treatment habitats from April 1981 to September 1983 and from April to October 1985. Recolonization of removal areas by these species was also monitored in both habitats. There was little difference in abundance of deer mice, Oregon voles, and shrews between control and treatment study areas. Chipmunk populations appeared to decline temporarily on the treatment areas relative to controls. Recolonization by voles was not affected by habitat change, but for deer mice was lower on the treatment than control area. Both deer mouse and Oregon vole populations were at comparable densities on control and treatment areas in the second and fourth years after herbicide treatment. The proportion of breeding animals and average duration of life were similar in control and treatment populations of deer mice and voles. These small mammal species should be able to persist in areas of coastal coniferous forest that are treated with herbicide for conifer release.

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