Description of male and redescription of female Phlyctainophora squali Mudry and Dailey, 1969 (Nematoda; Dracunculoidea) from elasmobranchs

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 3006-3010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Adamson ◽  
G. B. Deets ◽  
G. W. Benz
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
Male Worm ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Cephalic Extremity

Coiled globose nematodes identified as Phlyctainophora squali Mudry and Dailey, 1969 (Nematoda; Dracunculoidea) were found associated with ulcer-like and cyst-like lesions on the external surface and in the buccal cavity of 19 of 63 Squalus acanthias, 1 of 21 Heterodontus francisci, 1 of 117 Rhinobatus productus, and 7 of 16 Prionace glauca from the California Bight (northeast Pacific). A single male worm was recovered from one of the cysts in S. acanthias and the present redescription of the species includes the first description of a male Phlyctainophora. Certain characters of the male (i.e., form of cephalic extremity, reduced caudal alae, reduced number of caudal papillae) agree with those of members of the Philometridae; other characters of the male (form of the oesophagus) and female (monodelphy) agree with those of the Guyanemidae. Phlyctainophora is treated as a Dracunculoidea incertae sedis.

Cabamofa orientalis sp. nov. from Thailand, congeneric with C. mira Jaschhof from Costa Rica (Diptera: Bibionomorpha: Sciaroidea incertae sedis)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4576 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
MATHIAS JASCHHOF ◽  
JAN ŠEVČÍK
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Entomological Research

The genus Cabamofa, previously containing only C. mira from Costa Rica (Jaschhof 2005), is shown here to have a second species in Thailand, which is described and named C. orientalis sp. nov. The new species is known from a single male collected by the TIGER Project (Thailand Inventory Group for Entomological Research), a mass-sampling program to inventory insect diversity in Southeast Asia (Plant et al. 2011; http://sharkeylab.org/tiger, accessed 14 December 2018). As the circumstances of finding indicate, C. orientalis is a decidedly rare species, an attribute applying to perhaps one third of all tropical arthropods (Lim et al. 2012) and most Sciaroidea incertae sedis (Jaschhof 2017), including the Costa Rican C. mira. The latter species was originally described from two females, which were Malaise trapped in 2003 in lowland rain forest (Jaschhof 2005), while a conspecific male, a museum specimen collected in 1922 in an unknown habitat, was detected and described subsequently (Amorim & Rindal 2007). Cabamofa is one of nearly 20 sciaroid genera whose family affiliation has not yet been resolved (Jaschhof 2017), but there is morphological evidence suggesting its close affinity to other Sciaroidea incertae sedis, such as Rogambara Jaschhof, 2005, Ohakunea Tonnoir & Edwards, 1927, and Colonomyia Colless, 1963. These four genera together form the Ohakunea group of Jaschhof (2005), or the Ohakuneinae (as a subfamily of the broadly conceived family Rangomaramidae) of Amorim & Rindal (2007). Recent molecular work (Ševčík et al. 2016, Kaspřák et al. 2019) suggests a more distant phylogenetic position of Ohakunea to other Sciaroidea incertae sedis. The obvious conflict here between morphological and molecular evidence is stimulating fresh interest in the “incertae sedis issue”, as proven by the present contribution. The morphology of C. orientalis provides no new clues as to the systematic position of Cabamofa, or the Ohakunea group, but reveals characters that were previously not known to occur in Cabamofa. The delimitation of this genus is briefly reviewed below. Our finding of C. orientalis extends the geographic distribution of Cabamofa from the New World to the Old World (Oriental) tropics, which consorts with the disjunct (Neotropical-Australasian) areas found in both Colonomyia and Ohakunea. Morphological terminology used here is in accordance with that by Cumming & Wood (2017). 

Comparison of Serological Tests for the Detection of Natural Heartworm Infection in Cats

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Berdoulay ◽  
Julie K. Levy ◽  
Patti S. Snyder ◽  
Michael J. Pegelow ◽  
Jennifer L. Hooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Male Worm ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Heartworm Infection ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Positive Results

Serological tests were performed on 380 cats with necropsy-confirmed heartworm status to compare the performance of currently available commercial laboratory and point-of-care heart-worm serological tests in a heartworm-endemic area. Overall, antigen tests detected 79.3% to 86.2% of heartworm infections and were highly specific. Most cats with false-negative antigen tests had a single male worm. Antibody tests detected 62.1% to 72.4% of heartworm infections and had a wider range of false-positive results (1.4% to 19.1%) than antigen tests (0.3% to 2.0%). Serological tests for feline heartworm infection varied in diagnostic performance. Combining results from antigen and antibody tests achieved greater sensitivity than using either test alone.

THE WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCE OF A CORTICOSTEROID 1α-HYDROXYLASE IN THE INTERRENALS OF ELASMOBRANCHII

1968 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. TRUSCOTT ◽  
D. R. IDLER
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Isurus Oxyrinchus ◽  
Eleven Species

SUMMARY A corticosteroid 1α-hydroxylase was demonstrated in interrenal tissue of eleven species of elasmobranchs by the production in vitro of 1α-hydroxycorticosterone from corticosterone, and in seven of nine species examined from endogenous precursors. Interrenal tissue was collected from the following species: the skates and rays, Raja laevis, R. clavata, R. erinacea, and Dasyatis violacea; the dogfish, Squalus acanthias and Scyliorhinus stellaris; and the sharks, Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Sphyrna lewini, Carcharhinus falciformis and C. obscurus. 1α-Hydroxycorticosterone was identified in interrenal incubates by determination of a constant isotope ratio (3H:14C) through chromatography and preparation of sequential derivatives. [7α-3H] 1α-Hydroxycorticosterone was biosynthesized from [7α-3H]progesterone and its identity verified by demonstration of the homogeneity of its 1-dehydrated derivative with 11β,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione prepared by microbial dehydrogenation of corticosterone. 14C-Labelled 1α-hydroxycorticosterone was obtained from incubations of interrenal glands as a transformation product of [4-14C]corticosterone, or by acetylation of radioinert 1α-hydroxycorticosterone with [1-14C]acetic anhydride. 11-Deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone were isolated and identified as metabolites of endogenous precursors from an interrenal incubate of P. glauca. In all species, 11-dehydrocorticosterone was noted as a metabolite in vitro of corticosterone and its identity was confirmed in an interrenal incubate of S. lewini. The results of this survey are discussed in relation to earlier studies of steroidogenesis in Elasmobranchii.

Some Parasites from Elasmobranchs in Newfoundland

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Threlfall
Keyword(s):  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
New Host ◽  
Blue Shark ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Raja Radiata ◽  
New Host Records

One blue shark (Prionace glauca (L.)), 107 spiny dogfishes (Squalus acanthias L.), and 17 thorny skates (Raja radiata Donovan) were examined for parasites during the period August 1967–August 1968. All fish were obtained in Newfoundland waters. Four species of cestodes were recovered from the blue shark. The spiny dogfishes were infected with 13 species of parasites, and the thorny skates with 11 species. A total of 18 species of parasites were recovered from the spiny dogfishes and thorny skates, namely, two species of Monogenea, four of Digenea, six of Cestoda, four of Nematoda, one of Hirudinea, and one of Copepoda. Several new host records were noted.

Unconfounding the effects of climate and density dependence using 60 years of data on spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Taylor ◽  
Vincent F. Gallucci
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Leslie Matrix ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Spiny Dogfish ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Rapid Environmental Change

The confounded effects of changes in climate and density on a population’s demography are hard to separate for long-lived species because demographic traits are usually the aggregated result of conditions faced over years. Demographic parameters are compared for spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias ) in the Northeast Pacific, the longest lived and latest maturing of all sharks, using samples from the 1940s and 2000s. This 60-year interval has seen ocean temperatures rise by almost 1 °C and dogfish harvests peak above 50 000 tonnes (t)·annum–1 and then drop below 50 t·annum–1. Over this period, the age at 50% maturity for dogfish declined from 43 to 32 years, while the estimated average number of embryos per litter for a 100 cm dogfish increased from 5.9 to 6.7. Growth parameters changed significantly, with faster growth to a smaller size. Leslie matrix analysis showed that these changes could lead to an increase in population growth rate of about 1%. Comparison with published demographic parameters from the 1970s and 1980s indicated that the greatest change in demographic parameters occurred between the 1940s and 1970s, prior to the largest changes in ocean temperatures. The implications for fishing on long-lived populations during times of rapid environmental change are explored.

Histological and molecular confirmation of the fourth human case caused by Dirofilaria repens in a new endemic region of Slovakia

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hrčkova ◽  
H. Kuchtová ◽  
M. Miterpáková ◽  
F. Ondriska ◽  
J. Cibíček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Dirofilaria Repens ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Male Worm ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Chain Reactions

AbstractDirofilariosis is considered to be the arthropod vector-borne disease with the fastest spread in Europe. Slovakia belongs to new endemic regions for canine and human infections. This paper reports the fourth human case, where diagnosis was confirmed using computed tomography (CT), histological and molecular examinations – for the first time in this endemic region. The epidemiological history of this case indicated the autochthonous origin, and infection manifested by intense swelling in the periocular region, where a subcutaneous nodule was localized. Microscopic analysis of cross-sections of the surgically removed nodule confirmed the presence of a single male worm of Dirofilaria repens, indicated by the external cuticular ridges, the robust muscle cells and a single male sex organ seen as one tube beside the intestine. Considering that the worm morphology was partially damaged, molecular study was performed using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the worm. In polymerase chain reactions (PCR) a set of primers specific for D. repens DNA for the CO1-encoding gene amplified the expected 246 bp product using a high concentration of DNA template. Our diagnostic approach, involving molecular techniques, showed that identification of D. repens from excised tissues is possible even when the morphology of the worm and DNA are damaged during tissue processing. It is expected that the spread of this disease will continue due to climatic changes in central Europe. This warrants higher awareness among clinicians, who will initially be approached by patients, and better co-operation with parasitologists in newly endemic countries.

scholarly journals Seasonal spatial segregation in blue sharks ( Prionace glauca ) by sex and size class in the Northeast Pacific Ocean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Maxwell ◽  
Kylie L. Scales ◽  
Steven J. Bograd ◽  
Dana K. Briscoe ◽  
Heidi Dewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Northeast Pacific Ocean

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

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