A revision of the genus Orthosplanchnus Odhner, 1905 with consideration of the genera Odhneriella Skriabin, 1915 and Hadwenius Price, 1932 (Digenea: Campulidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1268-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Adams ◽  
Robert L. Rausch
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Type Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Erignathus Barbatus ◽  
Bearded Seals

The present paper concerns digeneans of the subfamilies Odhneriellinae Yamaguti, 1958 and Orthosplanchninae Yamaguti, 1958, family Campulidae Odhner, 1926, and is based mainly on specimens collected since 1949 from marine mammals from seas bordering Alaska. Odhneriella rossica Skriabin, 1915, type species of the subfamily Odhneriellinae, is transferred to the genus Orthosplanchnus Odhner, 1905. Odhneriellinae thus becomes a synonym of Orthosplanchninae, which includes three genera: Orthosplanchnus Odhner, 1905 (syn. Odhneriella Skriabin, 1915); Hadwenius Price, 1932 (syn. Leucasiella Krotov and Deliamure, 1952); and Oschmarinella Skriabin, 1947. Seven species are retained in Orthosplanchnus: O. arcticus Odhner, 1905; O. fraterculus Odhner, 1905; Orthosplanchnus rossicus (Skriabin, 1915) n.comb. (syn. Odhneriella rossica Skriabin, 1915); O. pygmaeus Iurakhno, 1967; O. albamarinus Treshchev, 1968; O. oculatus Iurakhno, 1969; and O. antarcticus Kurochkin and Nikol'skii, 1972 (syn. O. weddelli Beverley-Burton, 1972). Orthosplanchnus elongatus Ozaki, 1935 is transferred to the genus Hadwenius, as is Odhneriella subtilus (A. S. Skriabin, 1959); O. sudarikovi Treshchev, 1966, excluded from Orthosplanchnus, is of uncertain generic allocation. Orthosplanchnus rossicus is redescribed, and descriptions are provided for the other species recognized in the genus. Variation in O. arcticus from various hosts is considered; in bearded seals, Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben), clinal variation was apparent in O. arcticus, with body size increasing from north to south.

Redescription of Psilochasmus oxyurus (Creplin, 1825) Lühe, 1909 (Trematoda: Psilostomatidae), with proposal to synonymize three other species

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Premvati
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Whole Mounts

Psilochasmus oxyurus, type species of the genus Psilochasmus Lühe, 1909, has been redescribed from whole mounts and transverse, horizontal and sagittal sections. Twenty-five worms from one common mallard, Anas platyrhynchos L. and 12 from one greater scaup, Nyroca marila L. are considered as conspecific with P. oxyurus, although they show some variations in body size and shape of the testes. Of the other eight known species of Psilochasmus, five have already been synonymized and the remaining three, namely, P. indicus Gupta, 1957, P. alii Jaiswal, 1957, and P. megacetabulus Jaiswal, 1957, are declared synonyms of P. oxyurus.

scholarly journals Trace Element Concentrations in Bearded Seals (Erignathus barbatus) Near Red Dog Mine Compared to Other Locations in Alaska

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Quakenbush ◽  
John J. Citta
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Erignathus Barbatus ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Bearded Seals

To determine if bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) harvested near a zinc and lead mine (Red Dog, Alaska , USA) by subsistence hunters from Kivalina, Alaska, were as safe to eat as bearded seals from other locations in Alaska, we compared 19 trace element concentrations in liver tissue. Liver concentrations from nine bearded seals harvested near the Red Dog Mine (RDM) port site were compared with 15 bearded seals from two reference sites (Hooper Bay and Little Diomede, Alaska, USA). Concentrations did not differ by gender, but we found statistically significant trends in concentrations of cadmium, mercury, manganese, selenium, and vanadium with age. Arsenic and copper were the only elements found to be more concentrated in the liver of bearded seals harvested near RDM than in the other locations. The predominant form of arsenic in marine mammals is known to be a nontoxic organic form, not the toxic inorganic form, and copper is an essential element. Although elevated near RDM, neither element was found at concentrations that presented health risks. We found no evidence that bearded seals harvested near RDM were less safe to eat or that trace element concentrations were greater than those found in bearded seals harvested elsewhere in Alaska or Canada.

Ecology and biogeography in the introduction to “De bestiis marinis” by Georg Wilhelm Steller

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stefano Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Modern Biology

The rediscovery of the original, unedited Latin manuscript of Georg Wilhelm Steller's “De bestiis marinis” (“On marine mammals”), first published in 1751, calls for a new translation into English. The main part of the treatise contains detailed descriptions of four marine mammals, but the introduction is devoted to more general issues, including innovative speculation on morphology, ecology and biogeography, anticipating arguments and concepts of modern biology. Steller noted early that climate and food have a direct influence on body size, pelage and functional traits of mammals, potentially affecting reversible changes (phenotypic plasticity). Feeding and other behavioural habits have an impact on the geographical distribution of mammals. Species with a broad diet tend to have a wide distribution, whereas animals with a narrow diet more likely have only a restricted range. According to Steller, both sea and land then still concealed countless animals unknown to science.

scholarly journals The isotopic niche of Atlantic, biting marine mammals and its relationship to skull morphology and body size

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Drago ◽  
Marco Signaroli ◽  
Meica Valdivia ◽  
Enrique M. González ◽  
Asunción Borrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Isotopic Niche ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

AbstractUnderstanding the trophic niches of marine apex predators is necessary to understand interactions between species and to achieve sustainable, ecosystem-based fisheries management. Here, we review the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios for biting marine mammals inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean to test the hypothesis that the relative position of each species within the isospace is rather invariant and that common and predictable patterns of resource partitioning exists because of constrains imposed by body size and skull morphology. Furthermore, we analyze in detail two species-rich communities to test the hypotheses that marine mammals are gape limited and that trophic position increases with gape size. The isotopic niches of species were highly consistent across regions and the topology of the community within the isospace was well conserved across the Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, pinnipeds exhibited a much lower diversity of isotopic niches than odontocetes. Results also revealed body size as a poor predictor of the isotopic niche, a modest role of skull morphology in determining it, no evidence of gape limitation and little overlap in the isotopic niche of sympatric species. The overall evidence suggests limited trophic flexibility for most species and low ecological redundancy, which should be considered for ecosystem-based fisheries management.

On the presence of Anchistioides willeyi (Borradaile, 1899) (Decapoda: Caridea: Anchistioididae) in the Red Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2243 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN MARIN
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Abdominal Somite ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Pacific Species

The palaemonoid family Anchistioididae Borradaile, 1915 includes a single genus Anchistioides Paulson, 1875 with four known valid species: Anchistioides compressus Paulson, 1875 (type species), A. willeyi (Borradaile, 1899), A. australiensis (Balss, 1921) and A. antiguensis (Schmitt, 1924). Borradaile (1915) suggested two more species within the genus Amphipalaemon Nobili, 1901 (a junior synonym of Anchisitioides Paulson), Amphipalaemon gardineri Borradaile, 1915 (= Anchistioides gardineri) and Amphipalaemon cooperi Borradaile, 1915 (= Anchistioides cooperi) which were later synonomyzed with Anchisitioides willeyi by Gordon (1935), who also suggested their conspecificity with Anchistioides australiensis. At the present time, Anchistioides australiensis is a valid species (Bruce, 1971; Chace & Bruce, 1993) based on specific morphological features such as the presence of sharp postorbital tooth, oblique distal lamela of scaphocerite and sharply produced spines on posterodorsal angles of sixth abdominal somite (see Bruce, 1971: fig. 9). The other Indo-Pacific species, Anchistioides compressus and A. willeyi, can be clearly identified by specific form of scaphocerite, the presence of a well marked blunt postorbital tubercle in A. willeyi which is absent in A. compressus (e.g., Bruce, 1971) and the number of ventral rostral teeth (3-4 large ventral rostral teeth present in A. willeyi while up to 8 small ventral rostral teeth in A. compressus (Paulson, 1875; Gordon, 1935)). Anchistioides antiguensis is clearly separated geographically being known only from the tropical Western Atlantic and Caribbean region (Schmitt, 1924; Holthuis, 1951; Wheeler & Brown, 1968; Martinez-Iglesias, 1986; Markham et al, 1990; Ramos-Porto et al, 1998; Cardoso, 2006).

Distribution and abundance of ringed (Phoca hispida) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in western Hudson Bay

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J Lunn ◽  
I Stirling ◽  
S N Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Polar Bear ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Phoca Hispida ◽  
Current Estimate ◽  
Ringed Seals ◽  
Erignathus Barbatus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Western Hudson Bay ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bearded Seals

We flew a medium-altitude, systematic, strip-transect survey for ringed (Phoca hispida) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) over western Hudson Bay in early June 1994 and 1995. The mean density (per square kilometre) of ringed seals hauled out on the ice was four times higher in 1995 (1.690) than in 1994 (0.380). The 1994 survey appeared to underestimate seal abundance because it was flown too late. Ringed seals preferred high ice cover habitat (6 + /8 ice) and, within this habitat, favoured cracking ice and large floes. We found no consistent effect of either wind or cloud cover on habitat preference. We estimated a total of 1980 bearded seals and 140<|>880 ringed seals hauled out on the sea ice in June 1995. A recent review of the relationship between ringed seal and polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations suggests that a visible population of this size should support a population of up to 1300 polar bears, which is in general agreement with the current estimate of 1250-1300 bears in western Hudson Bay.

Redescription of Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from South Korea

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Kweon Yeon ◽  
Gaurav Singh ◽  
Irfan Ahmad ◽  
Chung-Don Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Type Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Caudal Region ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Type Population

AbstractThe type species of the genus Butlerius, viz., B. butleri Goodey, 1929, is redescribed and illustrated from specimens collected in South Korea. Additional information is provided for the cuticle, stoma structure, female reproductive system and the male caudal region. The Korean population is 1336-1857 μm long, a = 33.9-43.5, b = 5.41-6.34, c = 3.38-4.20, c′ = 14.13-19.0 and V = 40-45%. Males have spicules 39-49 μm long and a gubernaculum 25-33 μm long. There are nine pairs of genital papillae, three pairs precloacal and six pairs postcloacal. The v5,6,7 clusters are widely separated, one group situated just posterior to the phasmids and the other group at level of pd. Although there are some differences in morphometrics as compared with the type population, the species is easily identified by the similarities in the structure of the stoma, pharynx, spicules and gubernaculum. Butlerius singularis and B. filicaudatus are proposed as synonyms of the type species.

scholarly journals Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) vocalizations across seasons and habitat types in Svalbard, Norway

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Llobet ◽  
Heidi Ahonen ◽  
Christian Lydersen ◽  
Jørgen Berge ◽  
Rolf Ims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Erignathus Barbatus ◽  
Bearded Seals

AbstractMale bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) use vocal displays to attract females and to compete with other males during the mating season. This makes it possible to monitor breeding populations of this species using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). This study analysed year-round acoustic data records from AURAL instruments in Svalbard (Norway) to investigate seasonal variation in the acoustic presence of male bearded seals and the phenology of different call types (long, step and sweep trills) at three sites representing a variety of habitats with varied ice conditions. Male bearded seals vocalized for an extended period at a drift-ice site (Atwain; January–July) north of Spitsbergen, while the vocal season was shorter at a High Arctic land-fast-ice site (Rijpfjorden; February–June) and shorter yet again at a west-coast site that has undergone dramatic reductions in sea ice cover over the last 1.5 decades (Kongsfjorden; April–June). Generalized Additive Models showed marked seasonal segregation in the use of different trill types at Atwain, where call rates reached 400 per h, with long trills being the most numerous call type. Modest segregation of trill types was seen at Rijpfjorden, where call rates reached 300 per h, and no segregation occurred in Kongsfjorden (peak call rate 80 per h). Sea ice cover was available throughout the vocal season at Atwain and Rijpfjorden, while at Kongsfjorden peak vocal activity (May–June) occurred after the sea ice disappeared. Ongoing climate warming and sea ice reductions will likely increase the incidence of such mismatches and reduce breeding habitat for bearded seals.

scholarly journals Birth-Site Characteristics and Prenatal Molting in Bearded Seals (Erignathus barbatus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Kovacs ◽  
C. Lydersen ◽  
I. Gjertz
Keyword(s):  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Erignathus Barbatus ◽  
Bearded Seals
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