Analysis of the causes of unsuccessful rhinoplasty

Aim. To study results of unsuccessful primary rhinoplasty that require repeated interventions.Material and methods. The work summarizes the analysis of the causes of unsuccessful rhinoplasty in 106 patients who had previously suffered a primary septorhinoplasty in various health facilities in Tajikistan in the period from 1 to 7 years. The main reason for the visit was dissatisfaction with the previous rhinoplasty.Results and discussion. After primary rhinoplasty, patients most often had the following deformities: deformity of the tip of the nose (72 patients); deformity of the “parrot beak” type (14 patients); deformation similar to the inverted “V” (12 patients); deformation of the contours of the nasal dorsum (13 patients); defects of the nasal septum in the lower caudal region (21 patients). All patients underwent secondary rhinoplasty.Conclusion. Unsuccessfully executed as a primary rhinoplasty leads to respiratory dysfunction and aesthetic defects that require more complex secondary surgical operations.

An integrative description of Pilatobius nuominensis sp. nov. (Tardigrada: Hypsibiidae) from China

A newly identified tardigrade species from China, Pilatobius nuominensis sp. nov., belongs to the group of species with cuticle of the dorsal and lateral caudal region with evident irregular polygonal sculpture. Nucleotide sequences of two nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA) and one mitochondrial (COI) DNA fragments of the new species are provided, which allows an independent verification of the taxonomic status of the new species. This is the first record of the genus Pilatobius in the Great Hinggan Mountains.

Micro-computed tomography analysis of the lumbar pedicle wall

Background Although the pedicle is routinely used as a surgical fixation site, the pedicle wall bone area fraction (bone area per unit area) and its distribution at the isthmus of the pedicle remain unknown. The bone area fraction at the pedicle isthmus is an important factor contributing to the strength of pedicle screw constructs. This study investigates the lumbar pedicle wall microstructure based on micro-computed tomography. Methods Six fresh-frozen cadaveric lumbar spines were analyzed. Left and right pedicles of each vertebra from L1 to L5 were resected for micro-computed tomography scanning. Data was analyzed with custom-written software to determine regional variation in pedicle wall bone area fraction. The pedicular cross-section was divided into four regions: lateral, medial, cranial, and caudal. The mean bone area fraction values for each region were calculated for all lumbar spine levels. Results The lateral region showed lower bone area fraction than the medial region at all spinal levels. Bone area fraction in the medial region was the highest at all levels except for L4, and the median values were 99.8% (95.9–100%). There were significant differences between the lateral region and the caudal region at L1, L2 and L3, but none at L4 and L5. The bone area fraction in the lateral region was less than 64% at all spinal levels and that in the caudal region was less than 67% at the L4 and L5 levels. Conclusions This study provides initial detailed data on the lumbar pedicle wall microstructure based on micro-computed tomography. These findings may explain why there is a higher incidence of pedicle screw breach in the pedicle lateral and caudal walls.

Early development of the Peruvian rock seabass Paralabrax humeralis (Teleostei: Serranidae): morphological description of the embryonic and yolk-sac larval stages

Describe the embryonic development of Paralabrax humeralis (Peruvian rock seabass) and the present morphology of its eggs and yolk-sac larvae using the eggs spawned by P. humeralis broodstock in captivity. The spawning occurred naturally and spontaneously in early November 2018. The egg is pelagic and round, with a diameter of 0.98 ± 0.02 mm, an oil globule, and a diameter of 0.2 ± 0.02 mm. Embryonic development started with meroblastic cleavage, reaching the first cleavage stage at 0.4 h post-fertilization (HPF), and reached 64 cells at 2.2 HPF. Blastula period, 128 cells to 30% epiboly, end at 11.3 HPF. Gastrula period, 50% epiboly to 90% epiboly, end at 19.6 HPF. In the organogenesis period, forming Kupffer’s vesicle appeared at 22.5 HPF, the separation of the caudal fin from the yolk at 30.3 HPF, and the hatching of the first larvae at 47.9 HPF. Water temperature was kept at 17.2 ± 0.2°C. The yolk-sac larvae measured 2.22 ± 0.1 mm with a pigmentation pattern of pinpoint melanophores, all along with the embryo and xanthophores in the cephalic region, trunk, and caudal region, as well as in the oil globule. The larva takes feeds from three days post-hatch-out.

Description of Crassolabium unicum sp. n. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Qudsianematidae) from Vietnam

Crassolabium unicum sp. n., collected from a natural habitat in Vietnam, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by its 0.77–0.94 mm long body, three-layered cuticle, lip region offset by depression and 12–13.5 µm broad, odontostyle 13.5–15 µm long with wide aperture occupying 36–46% of its length, neck 235–260 µm long, pharyngeal expansion 117–131 µm long or occupying 47–52% of total neck length, anterior part of intestine presenting very distinct folds, female genital system didelphic-amphidelphic, uterus simple and 28–43 µm or 0.7–0.9 body diameters, vulva transverse (V = 45–52), prerectum bearing a blind postrectal sac, caudal region short and rounded (21–25 µm, c = 45–61, c’ = 0.6–0.8) with two (dorsal and ventral) lacunae between outer and intermediate cuticle layers, and male unknown. It is compared with the similar representatives of the genus.

A new brachylophosaurin (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous Menefee Formation of New Mexico

Brachylophosaurini is a clade of hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the Campanian of western North America. Although well-known from northern localities in Montana and Alberta, including abundant material of Brachylophosaurus canadensis and Maiasaura peeblesorum and the holotypes of Acristavus gagslarsoni and Probrachylophosaurus bergei, material from southern localities in Utah and Colorado is restricted to a partial skull referred to A. gagslarsoni and several indeterminate specimens. Here we describe Ornatops incantatus gen. et sp. nov., a new brachylophosaurin known from a partial skeleton from the Allison Member of the Menefee Formation in New Mexico. Ornatops is the first brachylophosaurin reported from New Mexico and the southernmost occurrence of the clade. Ornatops shares with Probrachylophosaurus and Brachylophosaurus a caudally expanded nasofrontal suture on the frontals, but also exhibits an autapomorphic nasofrontal suture morphology, with a horizontal rostral region and elevated caudal region with two prominent parasagittal bumps, which is different from other brachylophosaurin specimens, including juvenile and adult Brachylophosaurus. A phylogenetic analysis places Ornatops in a trichotomy with Probrachylophosaurus and Brachylophosaurus, with Maiasaura and Acristavus as successive outgroups.

STUDY OF SKULL PHENODEVIATION IN CARPIAN

Studies were carried out to study the morphology of carp with a pug-shaped and normal developed head according to the main exterior indicators, the structure of the axial skeleton and the morphological indicators of the main blood-forming organs. Comparison of the exterior indicators of normal individuals of the carp with individuals with phenodovia «pug-shaped» revealed significant differences between them. Normal carps had an average body weight of 21,7 % more. Indicators of absolute body length, body length to the end of the scaly cover, body girth and body thickness in normal individuals are superior to those of pug-shaped carps. In pug-shaped carp, it was noted that the number of vertebrae in the caudal region of the axial skeleton is less than 4 %. The structure of the trunk and transitional section does not have significant differences. In pug-shaped individuals of carp, the heart and liver could not be measured, since the organs were deformed under the influence of freezing. The heart in normally developed animals had a mass of 0.48 ± 0.06 g. Gill stamens in pug-shaped specimens ranging from 37–51 – less than in normal carps. They have this figure in the range of 46–52 pcs. When measuring the bones of the skull, it was found that in all pug-shaped instances of carp from different bodies of water, there is a big difference in comparison with normally developed carps. Namely, the bone parasphenoid is shortened in relation to the vomer. Paired, these bones form the bottom of the skull and are in fused condition. Whereas in normally developed carps, the opener has a longer length than the parasphenoid. It is this anomaly of the bones of the skull that leads to the shortening of the snout in the fish.

ЦИТОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЭПИТЕЛИАЛЬНОГО СЛОЯ ЯЙЦЕВОДА КУР В ВОЗРАСТНОМ ИНТЕРВАЛЕ 30-120 СУТОК

Статья посвящена изучению цитометрических показателей эпителиального слоя слизистой оболочки яйцевода кур до начала яйцекладки, а именно с 30- по 120-суточный возраст. В результате анализа полученных цитометрических показателей установлено, что толщина эпителиального слоя краниального отдела яйцевода поступательно увеличивается от 30- до 90-суточного возраста. В каудальной части яйцевода аналогичная тенденция прослеживается на месяц позже, то есть с 60-суточного возраста. Наибольшие ядра эпителиоциты краниального отдела имели в 90-суточном возрасте, а в каудальном в 120-суточном возрасте. Размеры эпителиальных клеток в краниальном отделе менялись от минимальных значений в 30-суточном возрасте до максимальных в 60-суточном возрасте. В каудальном отделе минимальная площадь клеток эпителия отмечается, равно как и в краниальном, в 30-суточном возрасте. Однако, максимальная площадь эпителиоцитов в каудальном отделе не совпадает с краниальным отделом, так как наиболее крупные эпителиальные клетки в каудальном отделе отмечаются в 120-суточном возрасте. Минимальное отношение ядер к цитоплазме в краниальной части яйцевода отмечалось в 60-суточном возрасте, а в каудальной в 90-суточном возрасте. Наибольшее ядерно-цитоплазматическое отношение в краниальной части зафиксировано в 30-суточном возрасте, а в каудальной в 30- и 120-суточном возрасте.The article is devoted to the study of cytometric parameters of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane of the oviduct of hens before the start of egg-laying, namely from 30 to 120 days of age. As a result of the analysis of the obtained cytometric indicators, it was found that the thickness of the epithelial layer of the cranial part of the oviduct progressively increases from 30 to 90 days of age. A similar trend is observed in the caudal part of the oviduct a month later, that is, from 60 days of age. Cranial epithelial cells had the largest nuclei at the age of 90 days, and caudal - at the age of 120 days. The sizes of epithelial cells in the cranial region varied from the minimum values at the age of 30 days to the maximum values at the age of 60 days. The minimum area of epithelial cells is noted in the caudal region, as well as in the cranial, at the age of 30 days. However, the maximum area of epithelial cells in the caudal region does not coincide with the cranial region, since the largest epithelial cells in the caudal region are observed at 120 days of age. The minimal ratio of nuclei to the cytoplasm in the cranial part of the oviduct was observed at 60 days of age, and in the caudal - at 90 days of age. The highest nuclear cytoplasmic ratio in the cranial part was recorded at 30 days of age, and in the caudal part - at 30 and 120 days of age.