Otolith microstructure and growth patterns during the early life history of lanternfishes (family Myctophidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1777-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz B. Linkowski
Keyword(s):  
Early Life History ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Otolith Size

The microstructure of the central part of the sagittal otoliths of 55 myctophid species belonging to 27 genera of lanternfishes was compared by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. Multiple primordia were found in the nuclei of all otoliths. In most species and genera a symmetrical pattern of accessory primordia (AP) was observed: they were located along the same growth increment, which indicates simultaneous formation. A clustered pattern of AP was found only in species belonging to the tribe Gymnoscopelini: AP occurred at several growth increments, which indicates that they developed sequentially. The growth increments formed after the formation of clustered AP revealed a sectorial otolith structure, i.e., growth increments were not continuous but separated by radial discontinuities. The pattern and time of formation of AP were found to influence the relationship between otolith diameter and fish length in the Myctophidae. The formation of numerous AP concurrently with transformation of the larva led to a dissociation of fish growth from otolith growth. When AP appeared simultaneously but before transformation, the allometric relationship between otolith size and fish length was not disrupted by this process. Sequential formation of AP considerably before transformation, which occurred only in the Gymnoscopelini, led to an isometric relationship between fish size and otolith size. The potential importance of the AP pattern as a distinguishing character for myctophid larvae is considered to be greatest in the Gymnoscopelini, as these growth centers, in the form of external protrusions, were evident over a wide range of sizes from small larvae to early juveniles.

Using tree-ring crossdating techniques to validate annual growth increments in long-lived fishes

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2277-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A Black ◽  
George W Boehlert ◽  
Mary M Yoklavich
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Age Validation ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ring Analysis

We applied crossdating, a dendrochronology (tree-ring analysis) age validation technique, to growth increment widths of 50 Sebastes diploproa otoliths ranging from 30 to 84 years in age. Synchronous growth patterns were matched by the following: (i) checking the dates of conspicuously narrow growth increments for agreement among samples and (ii) statistically verifying that growth patterns correlated among samples. To statistically verify pattern matching, we fit each time series of otolith measurements with a spline, and all measurements were divided by the values predicted by the curve. This standardized each time series to a mean of 1, removing the effects of age on growth and homogenizing variance. Each time series was then correlated with the average growth patterns of all other series, yielding an average correlation coefficient (r) of 0.53. Average growth of all 50 samples was significantly correlated with an upwelling index (r = 0.40, p = 0.002), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (r = –0.29, p = 0.007), and the Northern Oscillation Index (r = 0.51, p = 0.0001), corroborating accuracy. We believe this approach to age validation will be applicable to a wide range of long-lived marine and freshwater species.

scholarly journals High-latitude climate variability and its effect on fisheries resources as revealed by fossil cod otoliths

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey J. Geffen ◽  
Hans Høie ◽  
Arild Folkvord ◽  
Anne Karin Hufthammer ◽  
Carin Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Growth Increments

Abstract Geffen, A. J., Høie, H., Folkvord, A., Hufthammer, A. K., Andersson, C., Ninnemann, U., Pedersen, R. B., and Nedreaas, K. 2011. High-latitude climate variability and its effect on fisheries resources as revealed by fossil cod otoliths. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1081–1089. Cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths from archaeological sites in northern Norway were analysed to reconstruct the temperature regime and determine the age structure, growth, and population identity of the fish harvested. Otoliths were selected from late- and post-medieval sites (700–300 years ago) to evaluate historical changes in the geographic region that matches the present-day stocks of Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) and Norwegian coastal cod (NCC). Seasonal temperature cycles were reconstructed from stable isotope (δ18O) measurements along transects representing fish ages 1.5–3 years old. Reconstructions of the size, age, and growth characteristics of individual fish were based on otolith growth increments. The geographical source and stock identity of the individuals were estimated based on otolith elemental composition and otolith growth features. Both NCC and NEAC fish were represented at Måsøy and Vanna. The results indicate that fishing at Vanna exploited NEAC during their spawning migration, compared with fishing at Måsøy, which was restricted to more coastal fish. Fish growth patterns appeared to be affected by changes in the temperature regimes as estimated from otolith δ18O and back-calculated fish length-at-age, with evident differences between pre- and post-1600 periods.

Growth Increments and Geochemical Variations in the Molluscan Shell

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 72-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Shell Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Random Disturbance ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Molluscan Shell ◽  
External Shell ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Geochemical Variations

Perhaps the one structural feature of the molluscan shell which has historically attracted the most attention from biologists and paleobiologists alike is the banding or growth increment variation associated with so many molluscan species. Such growth patterns are often prominently displayed on the external surfaces of shells and have long been the focus of serious biological and paleontological research (see reviews by Clark, 1974; Lutz and Rhoads, 1980). The usefulness of external shell growth patterns in ecological or paleoecological contexts is limited, however, by both the inability to distinguish true periodic features from random disturbance marks and by the extreme crowding of growth lines near the margins of mature shells. In the last two decades these problems have been surmounted with the recognition of periodic growth patterns within molluscan shells. Internal shell growth patterns are known from all classes of mollusks, but those in the Bivalvia have been studied most extensively. This is a result of the relative ease with which a complete ontogenetic growth record can be obtained by sectioning a shell along the axis of maximum growth (Rhoads and Pannella, 1970). Analogous ontogenetic records are very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain from coiled or spiral shells (e.g., gastropods) using current techniques (Lutz and Rhoads, 1980). This chapter, then, aims to review the major types of internal shell growth patterns described within molluscan shells (mainly bivalves) and to discuss their origin and applications in ecology and paleoecology. Also taken up in this chapter is a brief consideration of geochemical variations (stable oxygen and carbon isotopes and trace and minor elements) within molluscan shells. Physical-chemical, environmental, and physiological influences on shell chemistry are discussed in relation to how biogeochemical variations in the shell may be used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions.

Early life history of barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), in north-eastern Queensland

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Russell ◽  
RN Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Tidal Creeks ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of

Larval barramundi in the size range 2.8-5.2 mm were collected from plankton in two estuaries in north-eastern Queensland from 31 October 1979 until 13 February 1980. After leaving the plankton, barramundi moved into nearby brackish and freshwater swamps. These areas acted as nursery grounds, offering both protection from predators, and abundant prey in the form of insect larvae, other fish and crustaceans. These habitats exhibit a wide range of salinities (fresh water-44 × 103 mg l-1) and surface water temperatures (23-36�C). Juvenile barramundi commenced migration from these swamps into permanent tidal creeks around April where they remained for up to 9 months before dispersal into the estuary, up rivers or along coastal foreshores. The diet of the barramundi in these tidal creeks was exclusively fish and crustaceans. Juvenile barramundi were resident in tidal creeks that had been subjected to substantial human interference through habitat alteration. Destruction of nursery swamps may pose a serious threat to local barramundi stocks near centres of human population on the eastern Queensland coast.

Fitting growth models to otolith increments to reveal time-varying growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Essington ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Matta ◽  
Bryan A. Black ◽  
Thomas E Helser ◽  
Paul D. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Otolith Increments ◽  
Size At Age

Identifying changes in fish growth is important for accurate scientific advice used for fisheries management, because environmental change is affecting fish growth and size-at-age is a critical component of contemporary stock assessment methods. Growth-increment biochronologies are time series of growth-increments derived from hard parts of marine organisms that may reveal dynamics of somatic fish growth. Here we use time series of otolith increments of two fish stocks to fit and compare a biologically-derived growth model and a generalized statistical model. Both models produced similar trajectories of annual growth trends, but the biologically-based one was more precise and predicted smaller inter-annual fluctuations than the statistical model. The biologically-based model strongly indicated covariance between anabolic and catabolic rate among individuals. Otolith size-at-age did not closely match fish length-at-age, and consequently the growth model could not accurately hindcast observed fish length-at-age. For these reasons, fitted growth dynamics from otolith biochronologies may best suited to identify growth rate fluctuations, to understand past drivers of growth dynamics, and improve ecological forecast in the face of rapid environmental change.

scholarly journals Predicting juvenile Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) age from body and otolith size measurements

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz P. Fey ◽  
Tomasz B. Linkowski
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Size Standard ◽  
Otolith Size ◽  
Baltic Cod

Abstract Six age-prediction models based on otolith size (weight, length, and width) and fish size (standard length, SL, and weight) were developed for juvenile Baltic cod Gadus morhua (SL, 40–153 mm; age, 90–230 d). Models were built based on stepwise selection and compared using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Reference age was estimated by counting the growth increments in the transverse sections of sagittal otoliths (n = 310). Final comparison of the utility of the six models was based on the AIC. The best model included SL, fish weight, and sampling month as independent variables. Sampling month was added to account for differences in fish growth, after it was shown that otolith size at age was related to differences in somatic growth. The predicted age of all juveniles collected between 1991 and 1995 was used to estimate their hatch dates and growth rates. The average growth rate was 0.78 mm d−1 when estimated from predicted ages (1990–1995; n = 2036) and 0.73 mm d−1 when age based on direct increment enumeration was used (1990–1993; n = 310).

Group Experiences and Individual Differences in Stuttering

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4335-4350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth E. Tichenor ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults Who Stutter

Purpose This study explored group experiences and individual differences in the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings perceived by adults who stutter. Respondents' goals when speaking and prior participation in self-help/support groups were used to predict individual differences in reported behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Method In this study, 502 adults who stutter completed a survey examining their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings in and around moments of stuttering. Data were analyzed to determine distributions of group and individual experiences. Results Speakers reported experiencing a wide range of both overt behaviors (e.g., repetitions) and covert behaviors (e.g., remaining silent, choosing not to speak). Having the goal of not stuttering when speaking was significantly associated with more covert behaviors and more negative cognitive and affective states, whereas a history of self-help/support group participation was significantly associated with a decreased probability of these behaviors and states. Conclusion Data from this survey suggest that participating in self-help/support groups and having a goal of communicating freely (as opposed to trying not to stutter) are associated with less negative life outcomes due to stuttering. Results further indicate that the behaviors, thoughts, and experiences most commonly reported by speakers may not be those that are most readily observed by listeners.

Introduction: Emotion, History and the Arts

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Sullivan ◽  
Marie Louise Herzfeld-Schild
Keyword(s):  
Historical Change ◽  
Carson Mccullers ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Review Section ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
War Correspondents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Johan Huizinga

This introduction surveys the rise of the history of emotions as a field and the role of the arts in such developments. Reflecting on the foundational role of the arts in the early emotion-oriented histories of Johan Huizinga and Jacob Burkhardt, as well as the concerns about methodological impressionism that have sometimes arisen in response to such studies, the introduction considers how intensive engagements with the arts can open up new insights into past emotions while still being historically and theoretically rigorous. Drawing on a wide range of emotionally charged art works from different times and places—including the novels of Carson McCullers and Harriet Beecher-Stowe, the private poetry of neo-Confucian Chinese civil servants, the photojournalism of twentieth-century war correspondents, and music from Igor Stravinsky to the Beatles—the introduction proposes five ways in which art in all its forms contributes to emotional life and consequently to emotional histories: first, by incubating deep emotional experiences that contribute to formations of identity; second, by acting as a place for the expression of private or deviant emotions; third, by functioning as a barometer of wider cultural and attitudinal change; fourth, by serving as an engine of momentous historical change; and fifth, by working as a tool for emotional connection across communities, both within specific time periods but also across them. The introduction finishes by outlining how the special issue's five articles and review section address each of these categories, while also illustrating new methodological possibilities for the field.

History of the Study of Apocrypha in Early Medieval England

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early English

Literature written in England between about 500 and 1100 CE attests to a wide range of traditions, although it is clear that Christian sources were the most influential. Biblical apocrypha feature prominently across this corpus of literature, as early English authors clearly relied on a range of extra-biblical texts and traditions related to works under the umbrella of what have been called “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” and “New Testament/Christian Apocrypha." While scholars of pseudepigrapha and apocrypha have long trained their eyes upon literature from the first few centuries of early Judaism and early Christianity, the medieval period has much to offer. This article presents a survey of significant developments and key threads in the history of scholarship on apocrypha in early medieval England. My purpose is not to offer a comprehensive bibliography, but to highlight major studies that have focused on the transmission of specific apocrypha, contributed to knowledge about medieval uses of apocrypha, and shaped the field from the nineteenth century up to the present. Bringing together major publications on the subject presents a striking picture of the state of the field as well as future directions.

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