scholarly journals High-latitude climate variability and its effect on fisheries resources as revealed by fossil cod otoliths

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey J. Geffen ◽  
Hans Høie ◽  
Arild Folkvord ◽  
Anne Karin Hufthammer ◽  
Carin Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Growth Increments

Abstract Geffen, A. J., Høie, H., Folkvord, A., Hufthammer, A. K., Andersson, C., Ninnemann, U., Pedersen, R. B., and Nedreaas, K. 2011. High-latitude climate variability and its effect on fisheries resources as revealed by fossil cod otoliths. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1081–1089. Cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths from archaeological sites in northern Norway were analysed to reconstruct the temperature regime and determine the age structure, growth, and population identity of the fish harvested. Otoliths were selected from late- and post-medieval sites (700–300 years ago) to evaluate historical changes in the geographic region that matches the present-day stocks of Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) and Norwegian coastal cod (NCC). Seasonal temperature cycles were reconstructed from stable isotope (δ18O) measurements along transects representing fish ages 1.5–3 years old. Reconstructions of the size, age, and growth characteristics of individual fish were based on otolith growth increments. The geographical source and stock identity of the individuals were estimated based on otolith elemental composition and otolith growth features. Both NCC and NEAC fish were represented at Måsøy and Vanna. The results indicate that fishing at Vanna exploited NEAC during their spawning migration, compared with fishing at Måsøy, which was restricted to more coastal fish. Fish growth patterns appeared to be affected by changes in the temperature regimes as estimated from otolith δ18O and back-calculated fish length-at-age, with evident differences between pre- and post-1600 periods.

Otolith microstructure and growth patterns during the early life history of lanternfishes (family Myctophidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1777-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz B. Linkowski
Keyword(s):  
Early Life History ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Otolith Size

The microstructure of the central part of the sagittal otoliths of 55 myctophid species belonging to 27 genera of lanternfishes was compared by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. Multiple primordia were found in the nuclei of all otoliths. In most species and genera a symmetrical pattern of accessory primordia (AP) was observed: they were located along the same growth increment, which indicates simultaneous formation. A clustered pattern of AP was found only in species belonging to the tribe Gymnoscopelini: AP occurred at several growth increments, which indicates that they developed sequentially. The growth increments formed after the formation of clustered AP revealed a sectorial otolith structure, i.e., growth increments were not continuous but separated by radial discontinuities. The pattern and time of formation of AP were found to influence the relationship between otolith diameter and fish length in the Myctophidae. The formation of numerous AP concurrently with transformation of the larva led to a dissociation of fish growth from otolith growth. When AP appeared simultaneously but before transformation, the allometric relationship between otolith size and fish length was not disrupted by this process. Sequential formation of AP considerably before transformation, which occurred only in the Gymnoscopelini, led to an isometric relationship between fish size and otolith size. The potential importance of the AP pattern as a distinguishing character for myctophid larvae is considered to be greatest in the Gymnoscopelini, as these growth centers, in the form of external protrusions, were evident over a wide range of sizes from small larvae to early juveniles.

scholarly journals Age and growth rate variation influence the functional relationship between somatic and otolith size

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloïse C. Ashworth ◽  
Norman G. Hall ◽  
S. Alex Hesp ◽  
Peter G. Coulson ◽  
Ian C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Correlated Errors ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Otolith Size

Curves describing the length–otolith size relationships for juveniles and adults of six fish species with widely differing biological characteristics were fitted simultaneously to fish length and otolith size at age, assuming that deviations from those curves are correlated rather than independent. The trajectories of the somatic and otolith growth curves throughout life, which reflect changing ratios of somatic to otolith growth rates, varied markedly among species and resulted in differing trends in the relationships formed between fish and otolith size. Correlations between deviations from predicted values were always positive. Dependence of length on otolith growth rate (i.e., “growth effect”) and “correlated errors in variables” introduce bias into parameter estimates obtained from regressions describing the allometric relationships between fish lengths and otolith sizes. The approach taken in this study to describe somatic and otolith growth accounted for both of these effects and that of age to produce more reliable determinations of the length–otolith size relationships used for back-calculation and assumed when drawing inferences from sclerochronological studies.

Otoliths of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): Daily Growth Increments and Factors Influencing Their Production

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1340-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Neilson ◽  
Glen H. Geen
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Increment Width ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Otolith Increment

The effects of photoperiod, feeding frequency, and water temperature on formation of otolith daily growth increments in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were examined. Feeding frequency influenced both increment number and width, whereas photoperiod and temperature affected only increment width. Fish fed once/24 h produced one increment every 24 h on average, while fish fed 4 times/24 h produced more than one increment every 24 h. Wider increments were produced in fish exposed to warmer water (11 °C) or 24 h of darkness. The ratio of otolith size to fish size remained constant throughout and between the photoperiod, temperature, and feeding frequency experiments, regardless of the number or width of increments produced. Although otolith growth is isometric with respect to increase in fish length under these experimental regimes, otolith microstructure will differ in fish of the same size reared under different environmental conditions. An understanding of factors affecting otolith increment production is required before increment number and width can be used to assess growth rates.Key words: otolith, daily, growth increments, chinook salmon

Fitting growth models to otolith increments to reveal time-varying growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Essington ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Matta ◽  
Bryan A. Black ◽  
Thomas E Helser ◽  
Paul D. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Otolith Increments ◽  
Size At Age

Identifying changes in fish growth is important for accurate scientific advice used for fisheries management, because environmental change is affecting fish growth and size-at-age is a critical component of contemporary stock assessment methods. Growth-increment biochronologies are time series of growth-increments derived from hard parts of marine organisms that may reveal dynamics of somatic fish growth. Here we use time series of otolith increments of two fish stocks to fit and compare a biologically-derived growth model and a generalized statistical model. Both models produced similar trajectories of annual growth trends, but the biologically-based one was more precise and predicted smaller inter-annual fluctuations than the statistical model. The biologically-based model strongly indicated covariance between anabolic and catabolic rate among individuals. Otolith size-at-age did not closely match fish length-at-age, and consequently the growth model could not accurately hindcast observed fish length-at-age. For these reasons, fitted growth dynamics from otolith biochronologies may best suited to identify growth rate fluctuations, to understand past drivers of growth dynamics, and improve ecological forecast in the face of rapid environmental change.

scholarly journals Age and growth of two sympatric squid Loligo vulgaris and Loligo forbesi, in Galician waters (north-west Spain)

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rocha ◽  
A. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Mantle Length ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
North West ◽  
Loligo Vulgaris ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
One Year

Age and growth of Loligo vulgaris and L. forbesi were studied by the examination of growth increments in 96 and 135 selected (white zone <10%) statoliths, respectively. Squid were obtained by monthly sampling from the catches of commercial trawling and hand-jigs in Galician waters (north-west Spain) between February 1991 and October 1993. Mantle length (ML) of L. vulgaris ranged from 70 to 480 mm and varied between 70 and 685 mm in L. forbesi. A negative allometry between statolith length and ML or body weight (BW) was found in both species. Sexual dimorphism was apparent in both species, males grew faster and longer than females. The statolith analysis suggests that growth patterns of L. vulgaris and L. forbesi in Galician waters are different. The exploited population of L. vulgaris was composed of two groups: one formed by individuals hatched in winter–spring and another by specimens hatched in summer–autumn. Squid hatched in winter–spring reached larger sizes at the same age than those hatched in summer–autumn. These two groups were also observed in L. forbesi. However, squid of this species hatched in winter–spring were smaller than those hatched in summer–autumn at the same age. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. The life span of L. vulgaris was about one year whereas the life span of L. forbesi extended to 18 months.

Age and Growth of Jack Mackerel, Trachurus declivis (Jenyns), from South-eastern Australian Waters

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
BF Webb ◽  
CJ Grant
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Jack Mackerel ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Jack mackerel data were collected between October 1973 and February 1976 from south-eastern Australian waters. Otoliths were read using reflected light on (1) the surface of the whole otolith and (2) the broken and burnt transverse sections of the same otolith. Growth rings were read to 13 years in the first method and to 16 years in the second. Otolith radius (R, nucleus to posterior margin) measured along the concave surface was related to fish length (L) in a curvilinear form: R = 2.39L0.6635. Otolith intermediate radii (rn) plotted against fish length for ages 1 to 10 years indicated a regular deposition of growth rings. Growth according to the von Bertalanffy equation was slow (L∞ = 46.3, K = 0.23). No significant difference between the mean lengths was apparent between sexes at most ages. The geometric mean regressions of length on weight indicated differences between fish in spawning and non-spawning condition.

scholarly journals Specific Merluccius otolith growth patterns related to phylogenetics and environmental factors

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lombarte ◽  
G.J. Torres ◽  
B. Morales-Nin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Otolith Core ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Immature Fish

A comparative morphological study was performed on the otolith growth patterns of 11 species of the genus Merluccius. The otolith growth pattern, based on the radius of the first eight growth increments (GI) from the otolith core, was determined from transverse sections of sagitta otoliths. The structure and periodicity of the GI were identified based on previous knowledge. Two cluster analyses were performed using GI width as a proxy for otolith growth. The first cluster analysis corresponded to the juvenile (immature) period of the fish including the mean width of the first four GI. The second analysis compared the mean width of the next four GI, i.e. those corresponding to mature fish. The results showed an important environmental influence in immature fish; while after maturation, the GI pattern was also related to an endogenous influence depending on the phylogenetic line.

Age and growth of a large tropical anchovy, Thryssa hamiltoni (Gray): A comparison of ageing techniques

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
FE Hoedt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Ageing Methods

Three principal ageing methods were used to describe the growth history of Thryssa hamiltoni, a large tropical anchovy from the waters off Townsville, north-eastern Queensland. The study was undertaken to compare ageing methods based on length-frequency analysis that are commonly applied in age and growth studies of tropical clupeoids, with less commonly used methods based on daily and seasonal growth rings in otoliths. A preliminary study suggested that seasonal growth rings in the sagittae of T. hamiltoni were formed annually and were therefore useful for age estimations for this species. Age and growth estimates derived from the three methods were consistent, with the results of each method supporting the results of the others. Direct validation of daily growth increments in T. hamiltoni by means of tetracycline marking experiments was unsuccessful due to the sensitivity of this species to handling stress. The distribution of modes in length-frequency histograms, and age estimates based on annual growth rings, both showed that male and female T. hamiltoni exhibit different growth patterns, with females growing faster and attaining greater maximum lengths than do males. Although counts of annual growth rings suggest a maximum longevity of 4 years for both males and females, lengthfrequency data indicate that the population is largely comprised of fish up to 2 years of age.

scholarly journals 3D enamel profilometry reveals faster growth but similar stress severity in Neanderthal versus Homo sapiens teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate McGrath ◽  
Laura Sophia Limmer ◽  
Annabelle-Louise Lockey ◽  
Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg ◽  
Donald J. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Anterior Teeth

AbstractEarly life stress disrupts growth and creates horizontal grooves on the tooth surface in humans and other mammals, yet there is no consensus for their quantitative analysis. Linear defects are considered to be nonspecific stress indicators, but evidence suggests that intermittent, severe stressors create deeper defects than chronic, low-level stressors. However, species-specific growth patterns also influence defect morphology, with faster-growing teeth having shallower defects at the population level. Here we describe a method to measure the depth of linear enamel defects and normal growth increments (i.e., perikymata) from high-resolution 3D topographies using confocal profilometry and apply it to a diverse sample of Homo neanderthalensis and H. sapiens anterior teeth. Debate surrounds whether Neanderthals exhibited modern human-like growth patterns in their teeth and other systems, with some researchers suggesting that they experienced more severe childhood stress. Our results suggest that Neanderthals have shallower features than H. sapiens from the Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic, and medieval eras, mirroring the faster growth rates in Neanderthal anterior teeth. However, when defect depth is scaled by perikymata depth to assess their severity, Neolithic humans have less severe defects, while Neanderthals and the other H. sapiens groups show evidence of more severe early life growth disruptions.

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