Altering the surface area available for transport of calcium from the eggshell does not affect calcium metabolism of chicken embryos

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3084-3087
Author(s):  
Mary J. Packard
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Inner Aspect ◽  
Chicken Eggs

The amount of contact between the chorionic surface of the chorioallantoic membrane and the inner aspect of the eggshell was reduced by causing formation of an extra air cell in chicken eggs on day 8 of incubation. This manipulation reduced the surface area available for transport of calcium from the eggshell to the embryo. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in serum were determined for embryos sampled on days 12, 15, and 18, and for hatchlings. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus content of residual yolks and yolk-free carcasses of hatchlings was also determined. The presence of an extra air cell did not lead to variation in any of these indices of calcium metabolism. One interpretation of these results is that embryos compensate for the reduction in surface area available for transport of calcium by increasing the transport of calcium across those areas of the chorioallantois that remain in contact with the eggshell.

scholarly journals Distinct Intensity of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Chlamydia psittaci- and Chlamydia abortus-Infected Chicken Embryos

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 2976-2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Braukmann ◽  
Konrad Sachse ◽  
Ilse D. Jacobsen ◽  
Martin Westermann ◽  
Christian Menge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chlamydia Abortus ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Infectious Potential

ABSTRACTFactors and mechanisms determining the differences in virulence and host specificity between the zoonotic agentsChlamydia psittaciandChlamydia abortusare still largely unknown. In the present study, two strains were compared for their invasiveness, virulence, and capability of eliciting an immune response in chicken embryos. On breeding day 10, embryonated chicken eggs were inoculated with 5 × 104inclusion-forming units. As shown by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR,C. psittacidisplayed a significantly better capability of disseminating in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and internal organs thanC. abortus. The higher infectious potential ofC. psittaciin birds was underlined by significantly higher mRNA expression rates of essential chlamydial genes, such asincA,groEL(in CAM, liver, and spleen),cpaf, andftsW(in CAM). Although the immune responses to both pathogens were similar,C. psittacielicited higher macrophage numbers and a stronger expression of a subset of immune-related proteins. The data imply that invasiveness ofChlamydiaspp. and propagation in the host are not solely dependent on the level of host immune response but, even to a greater extent, on the expression of bacterial factors related to virulence. The fact thatC. psittacihas coped far better thanC. abortuswith the avian embryo's response by upregulating essential genes may be a key to understanding the mechanisms underlying host adaptation and etiopathology.

scholarly journals Simplified Method for Efficient Intravascular Inoculation of Chicken Embryos

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
C. L. Kelling ◽  
I. A. Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Trauma ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken ◽  
Embryonic Death

The simple syringe-stabilizer unit described in this note provides a means for rapid intravascular inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs with minimal embryonic death from vascular trauma.

scholarly journals Patient Derived Chicken Egg Tumor Model (PDcE Model): Current Status and Critical Issues

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoi Komatsu ◽  
Kotaro Matsumoto ◽  
Tomoki Saito ◽  
Manabu Muto ◽  
Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cam Assay ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay

Chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM assay) using fertilized chicken eggs has been used for the study of tumor formation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Recently, there is growing realization that this system provides a valuable assay for a patient-derived tumor model. Several reports establish that tumor samples from cancer patients can be used to reproduce tumor in the chicken egg. High transplantation efficiency has been achieved. In this review, we discuss examples of transplanting patient tumors. We then discuss critical issues that need to be addressed to pursue this line of experiments. The patient-derived chicken egg model (PDcE model) has an advantage over other models in its rapid tumor formation. This raises the possibility that the PDcE model is valuable for identifying optimum drug for each individual patient.

Development of Hammondia heydorni in the Chorioallantoic Membrane of Chicken Embryos

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Lindsay ◽  
Byron L. Blagburn
Keyword(s):  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Chicken Embryos

Effect of cadmium on calcium, magnesium and phosphorus content of rat molars

1982 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
GRO B. RAMSTEN WESENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Rat Molars

Laboratory estimates of the nutritive value of some herbaceous native legumes

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (113) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen ◽  
GPM Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
P Values ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exotic Legumes ◽  
Soil Level

Forty-four accessions of herbaceous native legumes from the genera Glycine and Galactia were grown in a glasshouse in a soil-sand-nutrient mixture that contained adequate phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and molybdenum for plant growth. They were grown as individual plants with four replications of each. All plants were cut to soil level on August 18; regrowth was cut on October 7, November 22 and December 30 (harvests 1,2 and 3). The herbage was dried and analysed for nitrogen (g N/kg OM), phosphorus (g P/kg OM) and organic matter digestibility (% OMD). There were significant differences between the accessions for values of dry matter yield (P<0.001), nitrogen content (P<0.01), phosphorus content (P<0.001) and OMD (P<0.05). The mean nitrogen content declined at each harvest (40.6,33.7 and 31.7 g N/kg OM, respectively; P<0.05) and OMD of the herbage at harvest 3 was less than that at 1 and 2 (70.4, 71.1 and 67.6%, respectively; P<0.05). Herbage from harvest 1 had significantly greater P values than that from harvests 2 and 3 (4.7,4.2 and 4.4 g P/kg OM; P< 0.05). Plant yield was correlated with both nitrogen yield (r = 0.98; P<0.001) and phosphorus yield (r = 0.93; P<0.01) but not with OMD. Nitrogen content and digestibility were correlated (r = 0.48; P<0.01) but neither attribute was significantly correlated with phosphorus content. Samples of native herbaceous legumes belonging to the genera Desmodium and Kennedia and of some exotic legumes were collected from a nursery and analysed for N, P and OMD. The N and P values of all these legumes were in the range 31.9-39.2 g N/kg OM and 3.0-4.1 g P/kg OM, and compared favourably with those of the legumes grown in the glasshouse. The OMD of the exotic legumes (range 61.3-85.2%) compared favourably with those of the native legumes grown in the glasshouse but the natives Desmodium spp. and Kennedia spp. (range 26.7-35.4%) were very much lower than the Glycine spp. and Galactia spp.

Exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sodium and the dispersion of illites in water. I. Characterization of illites and exchange reactions

Soil Research ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Chi ◽  
WW Emerson ◽  
DG Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Type Equation ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Three 'pure' illites were studied. Two, extracted from soils, were fine grained, and the other coarse, extracted from a shale. The average particle size of each clay was determined from electron micrographs and a specific surface area calculated. For the two soil illites any difference in the surface area deduced from water vapour sorption as compared with nitrogen sorption or by direct calculation, was consistent with the purity of the clay as determined by X-ray diffraction. For the shale, there was a large discrepancy, which is attributed to this illite having a greater surface density of charge. For the two soil illites, the exchange of calcium or magnesium for sodium, over the ESP range 0-12 and the calcium-magnesium exchange isotherms were determined. The exchange of sodium followed the same Gapon-type equation for both clays, and was independent of whether calcium or magnesium was the dominant cation. The calcium-magnesium isotherms were also symmetrical. No evidence was therefore found for calcium ions being more strongly held at exchange sites than magnesium ions. It was shown that in the solutions used to equilibrate the clays, which were 1 mM in divalent cations, diffuse double layers were not formed.

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