Comparative fine structure of sperm of Heterodera schachtii and Punctodera chalcoensis, with phylogenetic implications for Heteroderinae (Nemata: Heteroderidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cares ◽  
J. G. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Cortical Microtubules ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Female Genital

The fine structure of sperm of Heterodera schachtii and Punctodera chalcoensis demonstrates a high degree of interspecific morphological and developmental diversity, particularly in comparison with previously examined Heteroderinae that develop cysts, including Globodera tabacum, as well as out-groups that lack cysts, including species of Verutus, Meloidodera, and Ekphymatodera. Sperm of P. chalcoensis are much smaller and have fewer filopodia than those of species of Heterodera and Globodera. However, the distribution of filopodia on only part of the body, the smooth surface of the filopodia, and the presence of cortical microtubules are traits shared by the three genera with cysts. Unique features shared by P. chalcoensis and Globodera species include the short persistence of fibrous bodies after spermiogenesis and the lack of sperm polarization in the female genital tract. These traits are absent in Heterodera species. Conversely, chromatin remains unchanged with respect to condensation during sperm development in P. chalcoensis and species of Heterodera but not in Globodera. Patterns of evolution of sperm may be useful for testing hypotheses of the phylogeny of Heteroderinae, but the diversity is so great that character coding will be required for a large number of representative species.

scholarly journals Prevalence of fibroids: a study in a semiurban area in Telangana, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juvvadi Srilatha ◽  
Verabelly Malathi
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Female Genital

Background: Uterine fibroids, also known as Leiomyoma, are the most common benign neoplasm in the female genital tract and originate from the myometrium´s smooth muscle. Although the uterine fibroids are diagnosed frequently, the prevalence of it in the local populations is unknown. Therefore, this study was done to observe the prevalence of the fibroids in our geographic area.Methods: 4487 women aged between 18-50 years who came to our gynec OPD out of which 522 were positive for the presence of fibroids, were included into the study.  Ultrasound examination was done for all the patients. During this examination, the uterine dimensions and the structure were assessed. The number of the fibroids were counted and noted. Biopsy sample was taken from the fibroids and sent to pathology lab for further histological examination.Results: Out of the 4487 patients included into the study, 11.6% had fibroids. The predominant age group which was positive the presence of fiberoids was 40-59 years. 59.8% of them were married while 40.2% were either unmarried or divorced or widowed. The body mass index for most of them was within the normal range (60.3%), while some were slightly overweight. The most common cause of the patients to seek medical advice was menstrual disorder (37.7%) which included heavy, irregular or no periods.Conclusions: Fibroids was significantly associated with age, married marital status, overweight, pregnancy, menopause, childbirth and the presence of menorrhagia. Early detection would help in early management and thereby reduce the morbidity.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision of Australian Conopidae (Insecta: Diptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2581 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET A SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
The World ◽  
High Degree ◽  
World Fauna ◽  
Female Genital

A taxonomic revision of the Australian Conopidae is presented. Nineteen genera in four subfamilies are recognised. The Stylogasterinae are represented by the cosmopolitan genus Stylogaster Macquart and the Myopinae by Myopa Fabricius and Thecophora Rondani. A monotypic genus, Notoconops gen. nov., is described and placed in a new subfamily, Notoconopinae. The remaining fifteen Australian genera are assigned to the Conopinae. Australoconops Camras, Chrysidiomyia Kröber, Conops Linnaeus, Delkeskampomyia Kröber, Heteroconops Kröber, Microconops Kröber, Neoconops Kröber, Pleurocerina Macquart, Physocephala Schiner, Smartiomyia Kröber and Stenoconops Kröber are redescribed. Four new conopine genera are described: Atrichoparia; Camrasiconops; Setosiconops; and Tanyconops, with the following resultant new combinations: Atrichoparia curticornis (Kröber) (from Heteroconops); Camrasiconops ater (Camras) and Ca. rufofemoris (Camras) (from Microconops); and Setosiconops robustus (Kröber) (from Neoconops). Callosiconops Kröber and Paraconops Kröber are regarded as junior synonyms of Chrysidiomyia and Pleurocerina respectively with the following resultant new combinations: Chrysidiomyia hirsuta (Kröber), Pleurocerina aristalis (Camras), P. longicornis (Kröber), P. nigrifacies (Kröber), P. similis (Kröber), P. turneri (Camras). A total of 100 species of Australian Conopidae are now recognised. No new species of Myopinae or Stylogasterinae are described. Representative species only of Atrichoparia, Camrasiconops, Heteroconops and Microconops are described. All species of the other 12 genera are described or redescribed. These include the following 45 new species,: Australoconops aglaos, A. aurantius, A. balteus, A. breviplatus, A. brunneus, A. camrasi, A. cantrelli, A. elegans, A. fulvitarsus, A. furvus, A. nebrias, A. neuter, A. pallorivittus, A. phaeomeros, A. ruficrus, A. vespoides; Chrysidiomyia rugifrons, C. setosa; Conops aureolus, C. badius, C. chvalai, C. sparsus; Heteroconops carnarvonensis; Neoconops brevistylus, N. glaber; Notoconops alexanderi, Pleurocerina aquila, P. brevis, P. chrysopyga, P. lamellata, P. lutea,P. luteiceps, P. occidua, P. saxatilis, P. scutellata, P. vespiformis; Setosiconops epixanthus, Se. similis, Smartiomyia arena, Sm. cerina, Sm. danielsi, Sm. macalpinei; Tanyconops longicaudus, T. luteus, T. ocellatus. Australoconops ocellatus (de Meijere) comb. nov. is resurrected from synonymy with A. aurosus (Newman). Conops demeijerei Kröber is considered a junior synonym of C. seminiger de Meijere. A lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for Microconops fasciatus Kröber. Anatomical features used in descriptions are discussed and illustrated. Special attention has been given to the ultrastructure of spicules on female genital structures. These spicules show differences between genera and species. The high degree of endemism of the Australian fauna is discussed in relation to the world fauna and some preliminary thoughts on phylogenetic relationships are presented. A catalogue of the Australian Conopidae is included as an Appendix.

scholarly journals An Unusual Gross Appearance of Vulval Tuberculosis Masquerading as Tumor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surekha U. Arakeri ◽  
Prachi Sinkar
Keyword(s):  
Female Patient ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Tuberculosis ◽  
Female Genital

Tuberculosis of the vulva is very rare. It is found in about 0.2% of the cases of genital tract tuberculosis. It usually presents as small shallow ulcers and multiple sinus tracts or rarely as elephantiasis of vulva. Except for very rare cases of primary tuberculosis in the vulva, it is usually associated with tuberculosis elsewhere in the body leading to secondary tuberculosis. Here, we report a case of secondary vulval tuberculosis which presented as a vulval mass in a 40-year-old female patient. The rarity of this presentation in the female genital tract is emphasized.

scholarly journals Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in the Uterine Cervix Associated with Tissue Repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchanan Hanamornroongruang ◽  
Chanon Neungton ◽  
Malee Warnnissorn
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hematologic Disorder ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Tract Involvement ◽  
Female Genital

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is the presence of hematopoietic precursors outside the bone marrow. This condition is usually associated with hematologic disorders. Although EMH can be found in almost every site in the body, female genital tract involvement is rare. The authors report EMH in the uterine cervix from a 64-year-old patient following cervical biopsy due to abnormal cervical cytology. Neither neoplasm nor hematologic disorder was detected before the diagnosis and after 1 year of follow up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of EMH involving the uterine cervix which showed an association with tissue repair.

scholarly journals Mutual Preservation: A Review of Interactions Between Cervicovaginal Mucus and Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Vagios ◽  
Caroline M. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Cervicovaginal Mucus ◽  
Female Genital

At mucosal surfaces throughout the body mucus and mucins regulate interactions between epithelia and both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Although the microbes in the female genital tract have been linked to multiple reproductive health outcomes, the role of cervicovaginal mucus in regulating genital tract microbes is largely unexplored. Mucus-microbe interactions could support the predominance of specific bacterial species and, conversely, commensal bacteria can influence mucus properties and its influence on reproductive health. Herein, we discuss the current evidence for both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between cervicovaginal mucus and the female genital tract microbiome, and how an improved understanding of these relationships could significantly improve women’s health.

scholarly journals Studies on the Onychophora, IV - The passage of spermatozoa into the ovary on Peripatopsis and the early developments of the ova

1938 ◽  
Vol 228 (556) ◽  
pp. 421-441 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Genital Opening ◽  
Receptaculum Seminis ◽  
Female Genital

The males of some species of Onychophora form large spermatophores with a definite shape, and it is supposed that these spermatophores are deposited in the female genital opening. These species also possess paired receptacula seminis which contain most of the spermatozoa that may be found in the female genital tract. Near the receptaculum seminis there may be a ciliated funnel communicating with the body cavity (Peripatidae). In other species, notably most of the Peripatopsidae, the male deposits small spermatophores anywhere on the body surface of the female. The receptacula seminis are almost or completely absent in Opisthopatus and Peripatopsis , and spermatozoa are found in the lumen of the ovarian tubes. No open communication exists between the female genital tract and the haemocoel.

Comparative fine structure of sperm of Verutus volvingentis and Meloidodera floridensis (Heteroderinae, Nematoda)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1481-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cares ◽  
J. G. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cortical Microtubules ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Starting Point

The fine structure of sperm of one representative species each of Verutus and Meloidodera was compared through development from the pre-adult male as a starting point for the discovery of new phylogenetically informative characters for Heteroderinae. Males of both V. volvingentis and M. floridensis have a single tubular genital tract, including a telogonic testis and a wall consisting of a single layer of epithelial cells enclosing conspicuous vesicles believed to be secretory. As in other nematodes, the sperm lack a flagellum, acrosome, and axoneme, and the nuclear envelope is lost during spermatogenesis. Nevertheless, the sperm are highly divergent between the two representative species. Those of V. volvingentis are about twice the size of those of M. floridensis, and the former can also be distinguished from the latter by the asymmetrical distribution of their filopodia and the relative lack of change in condensation of chromatin after insemination. In addition, fibrous bodies are less persistent in sperm of V. volvingentis than in those of M. floridensis. Since both representative species lack cortical microtubules, which are present in other Heteroderinae, examination of additional out-groups may support this loss as a synapomorphy between Verutus and Meloidodera.

The Incidence of Chronic Infective Processes in Mental Disorder

1925 ◽  
Vol 71 (295) ◽  
pp. 658-675
Author(s):  
T. C. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Female Genital

The study of chronic septic or latent infection has in general medicine and surgery advanced to such an extent that it is here only possible to deal with a moiety of the subject, and I consequently propose to deal principally with the chronic sepsis met with in the head and female genital tract, my object being to demonstrate and discuss a few of the clinical types met with in those parts of the body.

Rhigonema naylae n. sp. (Rhigonematomorpha: Rhigonematidae) a new parasitic nematode from a Japanese polydesmid millipede (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4269 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
JANS MORFFE ◽  
KOICHI HASEGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Body Contour ◽  
Basal Bulb ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Female Genital

Rhigonema naylae n. sp. (Rhigonematomorpha: Rhigonematidae) is described from the hindgut of the polydesmid millipede Parafontaria laminata (Attems, 1909) (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae), from Aichi prefecture, Japan. The new species is characterized by having a medium sized body in both sexes, the cephalic collar partially fused to the body cuticle, but not overhanging the body contour; cervical region densely covered in short, fine microtrichs that extend from the posterior margin of the cephalic collar to ca. 1.5 oesophagus lengths posterior to the basal bulb; tail short and conoid, subulate in females and with a short mucron in males; female genital tract of Type 2 according to Adamson (1987); males with a complement of 23 copulatory papillae, one post-cloacal pair lateral and two sub-dorsal. This arrangement of copulatory papillae is typical from the African/Asian species and contributes to the segregation of R. naylae n. sp. from the American/Australasian taxa. Description is supplemented by SEM images. Partial sequences of the D2-D3 LSU rDNA and 18S SSU rDNA were obtained. This constitutes the second species of the genus Rhigonema Cobb, 1898 described from the Japanese archipelago.

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