Female antennal sensilla of Epidinocarsis lopezi and Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of pseudococcid mealybugs

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan van Baaren ◽  
Roger Barbier ◽  
Jean-Pierre Nénon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Host Discrimination ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Epidinocarsis Lopezi ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Leptomastix Dactylopii

Antennal sensilla were compared in females of two encyrtid Hymenoptera, Epidinocarsis lopezi and Leptomastix dactylopii, parasitoids of adults and larvae of Pseudococcidae. The external morphology of these sensilla was studied using scanning electron microscopy and their ultrastructure observed under transmission electron microscopy using ultrathin sections. Female antennae have seven different types of sensilla, morphologically very similar in the two species: trichoid sensilla, which are putative mechanosensilla, sensilla chaetica types 1 and 2, which are presumably contact chemosensilla, and sensilla chaetica types 3 and 4, basiconic sensilla, and placoid sensilla, which are all presumed to be olfactory sensilla. Sensilla chaetica types 2 and 4 are thought to be directly involved in host discrimination. The only differences between the two species are in the number and distribution of some types of sensilla. These differences might be related to the varied tritrophic ecological context of the two species rather than to their similar biology.

scholarly journals Morphological and Ultrastructural Characterization of Antennal Sensilla and the Detection of Floral Scent Volatiles in Eupeodes corollae (Diptera: Syrphidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ying Dong ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Gui-Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Sensilla Basiconica ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Olfactory Organs

The olfactory sensing system of the syrphid fly Eupeodes corollae is essential in pollination and prey localization, but little is known about the ultrastructural organization of their olfactory organs. In this study, the morphology, distribution, and ultrastructural organization of antennal sensilla of E. corollae in both sexes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Neuronal responses of a subtype of sensilla basiconica to floral scent compounds were recorded by single sensillum recording (SSR). Ten morphological types, including Böhm bristles, sensilla chaetica, microtrichiae, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla clavate, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla placodea, and sensory pit, were identified. Except for Böhm bristles and sensilla chaetica, which were distributed on the scape and pedicel of E. corollae antennae, innervated sensilla were densely distributed on the flagellum, a vital sensory organ. Further, observing ultrastructural organization showed that the sensilla trichodea, basiconica, and clavate are single-walled with multiple nanoscale pores perforating the cuticle. Sensilla coeloconica are double-walled and have no wall pores, but instead, have longitudinal grooves along with the pegs. Sensilla chaetica, Böhm bristles, and microtrichiae did not have wall pores on the cuticle or sensory cells at the base. The SSR results indicated that neuron B housed in the subtype of sensilla basiconica I (SBI) mainly responded to methyl eugenol and other aromatic compounds. Overall, our results provide valuable information to understand the morphology and ultrastructure of antennal sensilla from E. corollae. These findings are beneficial for the studies of the neuronal function map of olfactory sensilla and for determining evolutionary relationships in Diptera.

scholarly journals Characterization of Antennal Sensilla and Immunolocalization of Odorant-Binding Proteins on Spotted Alfalfa Aphid, Therioaphis trifolii (Monell)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei Song ◽  
Xuemin Wang ◽  
Yanqi Liu ◽  
Yinpeng Sun ◽  
Liping Ban
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Neuron Group ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Odorant Binding

The spotted alfalfa aphid [Therioaphis trifolii (Monell), Homoptera, Drepanosiphidae] is a well-known destructive pest that can significantly reduce alfalfa yields. Herein, the morphology of antennal sensilla of T. trifolii has been examined by using scanning electron microscopy and the ultrastructure of sensilla stellate and placoidea was described by transmission electron microscopy. Stellate sensilla, placoid sensilla, and coeloconic sensilla were found on the 6th segment, and a single sensillum placoidea was located on the 5th segment. Placoid sensilla were also present on the 3rd antennal segment of alate and apterous aphids, and the number was similar between two morphs. Two types of trichoid sensilla and coeloconic sensilla were found on the antennae, respectively. The results of ultrastructure showed that stellate sensilla are innervated by three neurons, while placoid sensilla present three groups of neurons, equipped with 2–3 dendrites in each neuron group. Immunocytochemical localization of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) was performed on ultrathin sections of sensilla stellate and placoidea, and we observed that the antiserum against OBP6 intensively labeled all placoid sensilla from both primary and secondary rhinaria. OBP7 and OBP8 could also be detected in placoid sensilla, but less strongly than OBP6. In addition, OBP6, OBP7, and OBP8 were densely labeled in stellate sensilla, suggesting OBP6, OBP7, and OBP8 may sense alarm pheromone germacrene A in T. trifolii.

The Ultrastructure of Lymphocytic Hypophysitis

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
S.L. Asa ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
R. G. Josse ◽  
K. Kreines
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lymphocytic Hypophysitis ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Mass Lesions

Seven cases of lymphocytic hypophysitis in women have been reported previously in association with various degrees of hypopituitarism. We report two pregnant patients who presented with mass lesions of the sella turcica, clinically mimicking pituitary adenoma. However, pathologic examination revealed extensive infiltration of the anterior pituitary by lymphocytes and plasma cells with destruction of the gland. To our knowledge, the ultrastructural features of lymphocytic hypophysitis have not been studied so far.For transmission electron microscopy, tissue from surgical specimens was fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in OsO4, dehydrated and embedded in epoxy-resin. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined with a Philips 300 electron microscope.Electron microscopy revealed adenohypophysial cells of all types exhibiting varying degrees of injury. In the areas of most dense inflammatory cell infiltration pituitary cells contained large lysosomal bodies fusing with secretory granules (Fig. 1), as well as increased numbers of swollen mitochondria, indicating oncocytic transformation (Fig. 2).

Magnesium and sulfur in mast cell and basophil granules of lower vertebrates in relation with histamine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1596-1597
Author(s):  
Kenichi Takaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Mast cell and basophil granules of the vertebrate contain heparin or related sulfated proteoglycans. Histamine is also present in mammalian mast cells and basophils. However, no histamine is detected in mast cell granules of the amphibian or fish, while it is shown in those of reptiles and birds A quantitative x-ray microanalysis of mast cell granules of fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections of the tongue of Wistar rats and tree frogs disclosed high concentrations of sulfur in rat mast cell granules and those of sulfur and magnesium in the tree frog granules. Their concentrations in tree frog mast cell granules were closely correlated (r=0.94).Fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections and fresh air-dried prints of the tree frog tongue and spleen and young red-eared turtle (ca. 6 g) spleen and heart blood were examined by a quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (X-650, Kevex-7000) for the element constituents of the granules of mast cells and basophils. The specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (80-200 kV) and followed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) under an analytical electron microscope (X-650) at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV and a specimen current of 0.2 nA. A spot analysis was performed in a STEM mode for 100 s at a specimen current of 2 nA on the mast cell and basophil granules and other areas of the cells. Histamine was examined by the o-phthalaldehyde method.

Ultrastructural studies of the relationship between actin filaments and secretory granules

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
Ellen Holm Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Granule Membrane ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Lowicryl K4m

In secretory cells a dense and complex network of actin filaments is seen in the subplasmalemmal space attached to the cell membrane. During exocytosis this network is undergoing a rearrangement facilitating access of granules to plasma membrane in order that fusion of the membranes can take place. A filamentous network related to secretory granules has been reported, but its structural organization and composition have not been examined, although this network may be important for exocytosis.Samples of peritoneal mast cells were frozen at -70°C and thawed at 4°C in order to rupture the cells in such a gentle way that the granule membrane is still intact. Unruptured and ruptured cells were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.075% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in ethanol. For TEM (transmission electron microscopy) cells were embedded in Lowicryl K4M at -35°C and for SEM (scanning electron microscopy) they were placed on copper blocks, critical point dried and coated. For immunoelectron microscopy ultrathin sections were incubated with monoclonal anti-actin and colloidal gold labelled IgM. Ruptured cells were also placed on cover glasses, prefixed, and incubated with anti-actin and colloidal gold labelled IgM.

Transmission electron microscopic study of antennal sensilla of the female black fly, Simulium arcticum (IIL-3; IIS-10.11) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Sutcliffe ◽  
E. G. Kokko ◽  
J. L. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic

The innervation and internal ultrastructure of the antennal flagellar sensilla of female Simulium arcticum (cytotypes IIL-3 and IIS-10.11) are described from transmission electron micrographs. Two types of contact chemosensilla and at least four types of olfactory sensilla (sensilla trichodea, two or more types of sensilla basiconica, grooved pegs) were found. These correspond to sensillar types previously described from scanning electron micrographs of the antennae of these species. In addition, possible thermo- and hygro-receptive sensilla coeloconica are described from the antennal tip. The sensory complement of the simuliid antenna is compared with those of certain other dipterans, and possible roles of these sensilla in host location and other behaviours are discussed.

The influence of Pt and SrTiO3 interlayers on the microstructure of PbTiO3 thin films deposited by laser ablation on (001) MgO

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stemmer ◽  
S.K. Streiffer ◽  
W-Y. Hsu ◽  
F. Ernst ◽  
R. Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Pulsed Laser Ablation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oriented Material

We have used conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to investigate the microstruture of epitaxial, ferroelectric PbTiO3 films grown by pulsed laser ablation on (001) MgO single crystals, and on MgO covered with epitaxial Pt or SrTiO3. Pronounced variations are found in the widths and lengths of a-axis-oriented domains in these films, although the volume fraction of a-axis-oriented material varies only weakly for the different types of samples. In addition, the films deposited onto Pt-coated MgO have a larger grain size than those deposited onto bare MgO or SrTiO3/MgO. Possible reasons for the variations in the distribution of a-axis-oriented material in these samples include differences in the elastic properties and electrical conductivities of the different substrate combinations.

Phase Contrast Enhancement with Phase Plates in Biological Electron Microscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniaki Nagayama ◽  
Radostin Danev ◽  
Hideki Shigematsu ◽  
Naoki Hosogi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Plate ◽  
Electron Loss ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Transparent Objects ◽  
Phase Plates

Theoretically, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is compatible with three different types of phase plate: thin-film, electrostatic, and magnetic. However, designing functional phase plates has been an arduous process that has suffered from unavoidable technical obstacles such as phase-plate charging and difficulties associated with micro-fabrication of electrostatic and magnetic phase plates. This review discusses phase-contrast schemes that allow visualization of transparent objects with high contrast. Next it deals with recent studies on biological applications ranging from proteins and viruses to whole cells. Finally, future prospects for overcoming the problem of phase-plate charging and for designing the next generation of phase-plates to solve the problem of electron loss inherent in thin-film phase plates are discussed.

High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope Study of Amorphous and Partially Crystalline Fe7 8B1 3Si9 Alloy

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Bhatti ◽  
J.C. Barry ◽  
B Cantor
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Imaging Mode

ABSTRACTAmorphous and partially crystalline Fe7 8B1 3 Si9 alloys have been examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy at 200kV. In lattice imaging mode, the as-quenched alloy shows small regions, with a mean size of - 20Å, consisting of well defined patterns of fringes. Three different types of crystals can be identified at the very earliest stages of crystallisation of the alloy.

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