Pharmaceutical Treatment for Spinal Osteoporosis: Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, SERMs and Teriparatide

The COVID-19 pandemic poses one of the largest behavioral change challenges in the last decades. Because currently, there is no widely available pharmaceutical treatment available to contain the spread of infection, governments worldwide rely – at least to some extent – on behavioral recommendations aimed at reducing spread. The success of this strategy is dependent on the number of people that follow the recommendations. Most recommendations need people to change their behavior or adopt a new behavior. We propose that such behavioral change, with direct costs and delayed benefits, is a source of conflict and mixed feelings. This ambivalence negatively affects adherence to such recommendations. We present three studies that support our hypotheses: the more ambivalent people are about the recommendations, the less they follow them. We also examined the effect of the mixed emotions of hope and worry on adherence and find that it positively relates to adherence. Our findings replicated both in a U.S. sample as well as a representative German sample. Our work is the first to investigate the role of ambivalence in large-scale behavior change and highlight the importance of understanding the conflict that comes with changing behavior. We discuss implications for policy and communication.

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Systematic review of the factors affecting cat and dog owner compliance with pharmaceutical treatment recommendations

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.104793 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 184 (5) ◽

pp. 154-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kathryn Jennifer Wareham ◽

Marnie Louise Brennan ◽

Rachel S Dean

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Treatment Recommendations ◽

Social Risk ◽

Dosing Regimen ◽

Pharmaceutical Treatment ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Factors Affecting

The aim of this systematic review is to describe and assess the quality of the existing evidence base concerning factors that influence the compliance of cat and dog owners to pharmaceutical and specifically polypharmacy treatment recommendations. PubMed, CAB Abstracts and Google were searched to identify relevant literature and search results were filtered according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Standardised data extraction and critical appraisal were carried out on each included study, and a Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level of evidence grading was applied. Of the 8589 studies, eight studies were included in the review. Majority (five of eight) of the included studies were examining compliance with short-term antimicrobial therapies and none examined polypharmacy. Multiple definitions of compliance, methods of measurement and different factors potentially affecting compliance were used. Factors reported to have affected compliance in at least one study were dosing regimen, discussion of dosing regimen in light of owners’ circumstances, consultation time, disease, month of consultation/treatment, physical risk, social risk and method of administration. The evidence available regarding factors affecting client compliance with pharmaceutical treatment recommendations in cats and dogs is scarce and of poor quality.

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Guideline adherence among prehospital emergency nurses when caring for patients with chest pain: a prospective cohort study

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13049-021-00972-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kristoffer Wibring ◽

Markus Lingman ◽

Johan Herlitz ◽

Lina Blom ◽

Otto Serholt Gripestam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Chest Pain ◽

Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

Guideline Adherence ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Pharmaceutical Treatment ◽

Emergency Nurses ◽

Prehospital Emergency

Abstract Background The emergency medical services (EMS) use guidelines to describe optimal patient care for a wide range of clinical conditions and symptoms. The intent is to guide personnel to provide patient care in line with best practice. The aim of this study is to describe adherence to such guidelines among prehospital emergency nurses (PENs) when caring for patients with chest pain. Objective To describe guideline adherence among PENs when caring for patients with chest pain. To investigate whether guideline adherence is associated with patient age, sex or final diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction on hospital discharge. Methods Guideline adherence in terms of patient examination and pharmaceutical treatment was analysed in a cohort of 2092 EMS missions carried out in 2018 in Region Halland, Sweden. Multivariate regression was used to describe how guideline adherence is associated with patient age, sex and diagnosis on hospital discharge. Results Guideline adherence was high regarding examination of vital signs (93%) and electrocardiogram (ECG) registration (96%) but lower in terms of pharmaceutical treatment (ranging from 28 to 90%). Adherence was increased in cases in which the patient ended up with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as diagnosis on discharge. Patients with AMI were given acetylsalicylic acid by PENs in 50% of cases. Women were less likely than men to receive treatment with acetylsalicylic acid and oxycodone. Conclusions Guideline adherence among PENs when caring for patients with chest pain is satisfactory in terms vital signs and ECG registration. Regarding pharmaceutical treatment guideline adherence is defective. Improved adherence is mainly associated with male sex in patients and a diagnosis of AMI on hospital discharge. Defective adherence excludes measures known to improve patients’ prognoses such as treatment with acetylsalicylic acid.

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Associations between maternal characteristics and pharmaceutical treatment of gestational diabetes: an analysis of the UK Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e053753

Author(s):

Gilberte Martine-Edith ◽

William Johnson ◽

Eugenie Hunsicker ◽

Mark Hamer ◽

Emily S Petherick

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Pharmaceutical Treatment ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Born In Bradford ◽

Treatment Type

ObjectivesTo identify the maternal characteristics associated with pharmaceutical treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).DesignProspective birth cohort study.SettingBradford, UK.Participants762 women from the Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort who were treated for GDM in a singleton pregnancy. BiB cohort participants were recruited from 2007 to 2010. All women booked for delivery were screened for GDM between 26 and 28 weeks of gestation using a 75 g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Outcome measureGDM treatment type: lifestyle changes advice (lifestyle changes), lifestyle changes advice with supplementary insulin (insulin) and lifestyle changes advice with supplementary metformin (metformin).Results244 (32%) women were prescribed lifestyle changes advice alone while 518 (68%) were offered supplemental pharmaceutical treatment. The odds of receiving pharmaceutical treatment relative to lifestyle changes advice alone were increased for mothers who were obese (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.8 to 7.5), those who smoked (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.5) and had higher fasting glucose levels at OGTT (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.7). The odds of being prescribed pharmaceutical treatment rather than lifestyle changes advice were lower for Pakistani women (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.0)) than White British women. Relative to insulin treatment, metformin was more likely to be offered to obese women than normal weight women (relative risk ratio, RRR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 7.8) and less likely to be prescribed to women with higher fasting glucose concentrations at OGTT (RRR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6).ConclusionsIn the BiB cohort, GDM pharmaceutical treatment tended to be prescribed to women who were obese, White British, who smoked and had more severe hyperglycaemia. The characteristics of metformin-treated mothers differed from those of insulin-treated mothers as they were more likely to be obese but had lower glucose concentrations at diagnosis.

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Are Pharmaceutical Treatments or Psychological Approaches a More Effective Way of Treating Depression?

Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research ◽

10.26689/jcnr.v4i4.1170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ruochen Wu

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Psychological Approach ◽

Pharmaceutical Treatment ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

The World

Objective: To review the related researches on the treatment of depression around the world and to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of antidepressants and psychotherapy, so that to find a more effective treatment plan for depression. Methods: The principles of several common pharmaceutical treatment combined with psychological approach were analyzed, cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy and social support therapy included. Discussion: Some experimental results were illustrated and the advantages of Pharmaceutical treatment combined with psychological approach was revealed. Conclusion: Research indicates when pharmaceutical treatment is available, the combination of drugs and psychotherapy is more effective than sole pharmaceutical treatment.

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