A RESTRICTED MINIMAX DETERMINATION OF THE INITIAL SAMPLE SIZE IN STEIN'S AND RELATED TWO-STAGE PROCEDURES

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOON SANG LEE ◽  
MICHAEL WOODROOFE
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Two Stage

scholarly journals The Determination of Sample Size for Sensitive Issue Successive Survey with the Multiplication RRT Model under Two-Stage and Stratified Two-Stage Random Sampling and Its Application in Medical Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bo Yu ◽  
Xiaonan Liang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Qiao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
Survey Accuracy ◽  
The Cost

When designing the sample scheme, it is important to determine the sample size. The survey accuracy and cost of survey and sampling method should be considered comprehensively. In this article, we discuss the method of determining the sample size of complex successive sampling with rotation sample for sensitive issue and deduce the formulas for the optimal sample size under two-stage sampling and stratified two-stage sampling by using Cauchy-Schwartz inequality, respectively, so as to minimize the cost for given sampling errors and to minimize the sampling errors for given cost.

scholarly journals Assessing terpene content variability of whitebark pine in order to estimate representative sample size

2013 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Milena Stefanovic ◽  
Slobodanka Mitrovic ◽  
Dragica Obratov-Petkovic ◽  
Vera Vidakovic ◽  
Zorica Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a representative sample. The aim of this study was to assess the size of the new representative sample on the basis of the variability of chemical content of the initial sample on the example of a whitebark pine population. Statistical analysis included the content of 19 characteristics (terpene hydrocarbons and their derivates) of the initial sample of 10 elements (trees). It was determined that the new sample should contain 20 trees so that the mean value calculated from it represents a basic set with a probability higher than 95 %. Determination of the lower limit of the representative sample size that guarantees a satisfactory reliability of generalization proved to be very important in order to achieve cost efficiency of the research.

Quantitative Determination of Plasminogen

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D Bruhn ◽  
L Müller ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Frozen Plasma

SummaryA modification of the caseinolytic assay for plasminogen is described. This assay system is characterized by the following features :1. Urokinase is used as activator achieving a complete activation of the plasminogen whereas with streptokinase caseinolytically inactive plasminogen-activator complexes are formed.2. All incubation times are reduced to the minimum which is still compatible with accuracy.3. Results are expressed in percent of a standard of ten normal plasmas.4. In this two-stage assay-system (activation of plasminogen to plasmin, digestion of casein by plasmin) both stages proceed simultaneously in the same system, thus the plasmin formed is stabilized “in statu nascendi” by the casein.5. Several conditions (stability of plasminogen in frozen plasma, use of anticoagulants, reproducibility) are defined.

Two-Stage Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin III Concentration and Some Applications

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S Reno ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The One ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryA two-stage assay procedure was developed for the determination of the autoprothrombin C titre which can be developed from prothrombin or autoprothrombin III containing solutions. The proenzyme is activated by Russell’s viper venom and the autoprothrombin C activity that appears is measured by its ability to shorten the partial thromboplastin time of bovine plasma.Using the assay, the autoprothrombin C titre was determined in the plasma of several species, as well as the percentage of it remaining in the serum from blood clotted in glass test tubes. Much autoprothrombin III remains in human serum. With sufficient thromboplastin it was completely utilized. Plasma from selected patients with coagulation disorders was assayed and only Stuart plasma was abnormal. In so-called factor VII, IX, and P.T.A. deficiency the autoprothrombin C titre and thrombin titre that could be developed was normal. In one case (prethrombin irregularity) practically no thrombin titre developed but the amount of autoprothrombin C which generated was in the normal range.Dogs were treated with Dicumarol and the autoprothrombin C titre that could be developed from their plasmas decreased until only traces could be detected. This coincided with a lowering of the thrombin titre that could be developed and a prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time. While the Dicumarol was acting, the dogs were given an infusion of purified bovine prothrombin and the levels of autoprothrombin C, thrombin and one-stage prothrombin time were followed for several hours. The tests became normal immediately after the infusion and then went back to preinfusion levels over a period of 24 hrs.In other dogs the effect of Dicumarol was reversed by giving vitamin K1 intravenously. The effect of the vitamin was noticed as early as 20 min after administration.In response to vitamin K the most pronounced increase was with that portion of the prothrombin molecule which yields thrombin. The proportion of that protein with respect to the precursor of autoprothrombin C increased during the first hour and then started to go down and after 3 hrs was equal to the proportion normally found in plasma.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

Crime and Punishment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Adelstein
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Supreme Court Case

This chapter elaborates the operation of criminal liability by closely considering efficient crimes and the law’s stance toward them, shows how its commitment to proportional punishment prevents the probability scaling that systemically efficient allocation requires, and discusses the procedures that determine the actual liability prices imposed on offenders. Efficient crimes are effectively encouraged by proportional punishment, and their nature and implications are examined. But proportional punishment precludes probability scaling, and induces far more than the systemically efficient number of crimes. Liability prices that match the specific costs imposed by the offender at bar are sought through a two-stage procedure of legislative determination of punishment ranges ex ante and judicial determination of exact prices ex post, which creates a dilemma: whether to price crimes accurately in the past or deter them accurately in the future. An illustrative Supreme Court case bringing all these themes together is discussed in conclusion.

Cryoscopy of Milk: Effect of Variations in the Method

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Henningson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Sample Temperature ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Temperature Rate

Abstract Bath level, sample temperature, rate of stirring, degree of supercooling, sample size, sample isolation, and refreezing of the sample were the variables in the thermistor cryoscopic method for the determination of the freezing point value of milk chosen for study. Freezing point values were determined for two samples of milk and two secondary salt standards utilizing eight combinations of the seven variables in two test patterns. The freezing point value of the salt standards ranged from –0.413 to –0.433°C and from –0.431 to –0.642°C. The freezing point values of the milk samples ranged from –0.502 to –0.544°C and from –0.518 to –0.550°C. Statistical analysis of the data showed that sample isolation was a poor procedure and that other variables produced changes in the freezing point value ranging from 0.001 to 0.011°C. It is recommended that specific directions be instituted for the thermistor cryoscopic method, 15.040–15.041, and that the method be subjected to a collaborative study.

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