PRELIMINARY MEASUREMENTS OF THE LOW ENERGY DETECTION EFFICIENCY OF A Si(Li) DETECTOR FOR PIXE APPLICATIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
M. RODRIGUEZ ◽  
T. YONEZAWA ◽  
K. ISHII ◽  
S. MATSUYAMA ◽  
H. YAMAZAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Incident Electron ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Dead Layer ◽  
Bremsstrahlung Spectrum ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
The One

The low energy detection efficiency of a Si ( Li ) detector is measured in this work. The continuous bremsstrahlung spectrum produced by bombarding a thick C target with an electron beam is used as the standard radiation source. The bremsstrahlung spectrum for a thick C target is calculated from tabulated data assuming the thick target to consist of an array of thin layers applying the respective attenuation correction for photons emitted in each thin layer. The bremsstrahlung spectra for three incident electron energies (10, 12 and 15 keV) are measured and compared with the calculated ones. The relative efficiency is obtained and compared with a calculated efficiency based on the detector specifications. The efficiency measured for those three incident electron energies on the thick target are consistent with each other. The region limited by 2 keV < k < 6 keV , where k is the X-ray energy, exhibits a significant discrepancy between measurements and calculated efficiencies. A possible explanation of the observed discrepancy is that the real thickness of the Si dead layer is thinner than the one reported by the manufacturer. The obtained efficiency values are valid within the range 0.8 keV < k < 12.5 keV .

Evaluating 30mm2 Si(Li) detectors for light-element x-ray analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Shaul Barkan
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Dead Layer ◽  
Electronic Noise ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Detector Crystal

Light element x-ray microanalysis with the Si(Li) detecor is dependent on two detector crystal characteristics. The first is resolution, which has been traditionally standardized to be FWHM at Mn Kα. The second factor is efficiency, which is primarily but not entirely established by the detector area. These two factors effect light element sensitivity in an inverse manner. A premium resolution detector can be produced by minimizing the area, but the efficiency, as previously discussed , is directly proportional to the detector area.A special effect of efficiency degradation exists in the very low energy end of the spectrum where the x-ray energy pulses are approximately equal to the electronic noise level. The detector dead layer plays an important role in the low energy detection efficiency, since good, low energy efficiency is much more important than good manganese resolution or good electronic noise resolution.In a common 10mm2 Kevex detector, ~135 eV resolution at Mn is obtainable and the electronic noise resolution is 65 eV.

A Method to Test the Performance of an Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1556-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba ◽  
Mathias Procop
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Test Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Pile Up

AbstractA test material for routine performance evaluation of energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS) is presented. It consists of a synthetic, thick coating of C, Al, Mn, Cu, and Zr, in an elemental composition that provides interference-free characteristic X-ray lines of similar intensities at 10 kV scanning electron microscope voltage. The EDS energy resolution at the C-K, Mn-Lα, Cu-Lα, Al-K, Zr-Lα, and Mn-Kα lines, the calibration state of the energy scale, and the Mn-Lα/Mn-Kα intensity ratio as a measure for the low-energy detection efficiency are calculated by a dedicated software package from the 10 kV spectrum. Measurements at various input count rates and processor shaping times enable an estimation of the operation conditions for which the X-ray spectrum is not yet corrupted by pile-up events. Representative examples of EDS systems characterized with the test material and the related software are presented and discussed.

Optical conductivities in triple fermions with different monopole charges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chen ◽  
C. M. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Models ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Flat Band ◽  
Strong Anisotropy ◽  
Characteristic Frequencies ◽  
Conduction Electrons ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Sign Change ◽  
Linear Optical ◽  
The One

Abstract We investigate the linear optical conductivities of the newly-discovered triple-component semimetals. Due to the exactly flat band, the optical conductivity relates to the transition between the zero band and the conduction band directly reflecting the band structure of the conduction electrons in contrast to the other materials. For the low-energy models with various monopole charges, the diagonal conductivities show strong anisotropy. The ω-dependence of interband conductivities for a general low-energy model is deduced. The real part of the interband σ_xx always linearly depends on the optical frequency, while the one of σ_zz is proportional to ω^{2/n-1}. This can be a unique fingerprint of the monopole charge. For the lattice models, there also exists the optical anomalous Hall conductivity, where a sign change may appear. The characteristic frequencies of the kink structures are calculated, strictly. Our work will help us to establish the basic picture of linear optical response in topological triple-component semimetals and identify them from other materials.

scholarly journals Direct measurements and detection techniques with low-energy RIBs

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
H. Yamaguchi ◽  
S. Hayakawa ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
H. Shimizu ◽  
D. Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Scattering ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Production Measurement ◽  
Ri Beam ◽  
The University

Astrophysical reactions involving radioactive isotopes (RI) are of importance for the stellar energy generation and nucleosynthesis especially in high-temperature astrophysical sites, such as X-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae, and supermassive metalpoor stars. In spite of the essential diffculties in the experimental evaluation of those reaction rates, there are several successful approaches to study them, owing to the recent technical developments in the beam production, measurement method, and detectors. Among them, the measurements of α resonant scattering and (α, p) reactions using the thick-target method in inverse kinematics are discussed. The experiments at the low-energy RI beam separator CRIB, operated by Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), the University of Tokyo, are introduced as examples for such studies.

LOW ENERGY EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIAN FOR SUPERSYMMETRIC SEESAW MODEL

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 1437-1443
Author(s):  
AKINA KATO ◽  
TAKUYA MOROZUMI ◽  
NORIMI YOKOZAKI ◽  
SYN KYU KANG
Keyword(s):  
Neutrino Mass ◽  
Higgs Mass ◽  
Higgs Sector ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Seesaw Model ◽  
Mass Correction ◽  
Effective Lagrangian ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Higgs Fields

Seesaw model is an attractive model because it may explain baryogenesis through leptogenesis and also may explain the small neutrino mass. The supersymmetric seesaw model may be more attractive because the naturalness problem is absent in supersymmetric theory. Recently, the higgs mass correction due to leptons and sleptons loops is computed.1 In this talk, we report on the preliminary results on the one loop corrections of leptons and sleptons loops to the effective action of Higgs sector for super symmetric seesaw model. Our results show that the corrections to the mass parameters for Higgs sector are proportional to the soft breaking parameters of supersymmetric seesaw model, while for the quartic couplings of Higgs fields, the corrections are suppressed by inverse powers of the right-handed neutrino mass.

Efficient Iron Removal to Produce High Purity Quartz Sand by Micro-Inclusion Bursting Using Microwave Pretreatment Combined with Different Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Fei Fei Li ◽  
Xue Song Jiang ◽  
Jing Wei Li ◽  
Bo Yuan Ban ◽  
Jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Local Phase ◽  
Selective Heating ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Fast Processing ◽  
The One ◽  
Optimized Conditions

The one of major impurities in quartz is iron, which has a great impact on the properties of the material and should be be strictly removed in many applications. In this study, a low-energy consumption, simple, fast processing is introduced by combination microwave treatment with different acid leaching. Selective heating of microwaves is used to process quartz, causing local phase changes to improve the purification effect. Acid leaching was used to remove the iron in the quartz matrix. Under optimized conditions, the iron content can be reduced to below 0.167 ppmw with one single purification pass.

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