APPLICATION OF MICRO-PIXE IN ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: ELEMENTAL MAP OF LEAVES

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATSUMI SAITOH ◽  
HITOSHI IMASEKI ◽  
MASAE YUKAWA ◽  
OSAMU NAGAFUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Accumulation Mechanism ◽  
Elemental Maps

Micro-beam scanning PIXE and scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) were applied to measurement of Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata Blume) leaves. The beech leaf samples were collected from selected beech trees at Tsugaru Pass near the Shirakami-Sanchi World Heritage Area, in the 1999 growing season. We focused our interest on the influence of the atmospheric environment (acidic deposition, aerosol and gaseous substances, etc.) on the forest ecosystem. Our approach to real images of the deposition of airborne particulate on leaves led to the elucidation of the process of elemental absorption from air and plant metabolism. As a result, it is suggested that 1) overlapping STIM images and elemental maps demonstrate the patterns of the elemental absorption into plants, 2) comparison of the elemental maps of leaves taken at the different growth stages may provide useful clues to the elemental accumulation mechanism in leaves, and 3) silicon distribution in leaves is indicative of airborne particulate deposition on them.

APPLICATION OF MICRO-PIXE IN ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: ELEMENTAL MAPS IN ROOT OF SIEBOLD'S BEECH SEEDLING

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATSUMI SAITOH ◽  
YOSHITO WATANABE ◽  
HITOSHI IMASEKI ◽  
MASAE YUKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Beech Seedling ◽  
Elemental Maps

Micro-beam scanning PIXE (micro-PIXE) and scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) were applied to measurement of one-year-old seedling root from a Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata Blume) tree. The beech seedling root samples were collected at the centerpiece of the Shirakami-Sanchi World Heritage Area during October 2001. Target samples for micro-PIXE and STIM analyses were transverse sections from tip, midpoint and root of the beech seedling root. We focused shedding light on tree root metabolism, and are to get a real image about the elemental distribution in the tree root. STIM images were similar to those generated using stereomicroscope and/or transmission microscopy. Real images in the form of elemental maps were obtained for nine elements: Na , Mg , Al , Si , P , S , Cl , K and Ca . Of these, typical elemental maps were Si and Ca , which were both concentrated in the epidermis. Si was prominent in the tip, while Ca was prominent in the root.

Analysis of elemental content and map of beech leaves by PIXE and micro-PIXE

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Saitoh ◽  
Koichiro Sera ◽  
Masakazu Oikawa ◽  
Hideyuki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Cu And Zn

As part of a biomonitoring study of atmospheric particles for the development of a biological and environmental monitoring system in the beech (Fagus crenata Blume) forest ecosystem, we carried out elemental content and two-dimensional analysis of beech leaves by conventional PIXE and micro-PIXE. The beech leaves were collected from natural beech forests at eight locations in Japan. For conventional PIXE analysis of beech leaf samples, 27 elements were determined in total. Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were found to be the important nutrient elements for plants at all sampling sites. According to radar chart analysis results for element (Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) concentrations at each sampling site, K and P, Fe and Ca, and Zn and Cu showed relatively similar patterns. However, elements with a pattern similar to that of Mg, S, and Mn were not found. These elemental concentrations were largely different at beech leaf sampling sites. For micro-PIXE analysis of beech leaf samples from seven sampling sites (Soebetsu beech forest was excluded), scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) images and maps of Mg, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Mn and Fe were similar. In samples from Soebetsu beech forest, portions missing from the element distribution were observed. In particular, maps of Mg, Si, P, S, K and Ca were conspicuous. These analysis results may be important information for understanding the mechanism of plant metabolism.

3D Observation of Elemental Distribution of Si-Device using a Dedicated FIB/STEM System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yaguchi ◽  
M. Konno ◽  
T. Kamino ◽  
M. Ogasawara ◽  
K. Kaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sample Rotation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Elemental Maps

Abstract A technique for preparation of a pillar shaped sample and its multi-directional observation of the sample using a focused ion beam (FIB) / scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) system has been developed. The system employs an FIB/STEM compatible sample rotation holder with a specially designed rotation mechanism, which allows the sample to be rotated 360 degrees [1-3]. This technique was used for the three dimensional (3D) elemental mapping of a contact plug of a Si device in 90 nm technology. A specimen containing a contact plug was shaped to a pillar sample with a cross section of 200 nm x 200 nm and a 5 um length. Elemental analysis was performed with a 200 kV HD-2300 STEM equipped with the EDAX genesis Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) system. Spectrum imaging combined with multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) [4, 5] was used to enhance the weak X-ray signals of the doped area, which contain a low concentration of As-K. The distributions of elements, especially the dopant As, were successfully enhanced by MSA. The elemental maps were .. reconstructed from the maps.

scholarly journals Study on the 3D Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Velocity Uniformity of a Gravity Flow Circular Flume

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Longxi Han ◽  
Lina Chen ◽  
Chenfang Wang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Straight Channel ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Annular Flume

Flumes have been widely used in water conservancy science and environmental science research. It is of great significance to obtain the hydrodynamic characteristics and flow field uniformity in the flume. In this study, a new type of annular flume was taken as an example. The 3D flow field was simulated by using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, and was also measured by acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) to verify the simulation results. The average relative error range was between 8.37% and 9.95%, the simulated results basically reflected the actual situation of the flow field. On this basis, the structural characteristics of flow field were analyzed. A new calculation method of flow velocity uniformity was presented according to the flow characteristics of natural open channels. The velocity uniformity in the straight channel was calculated and analyzed based on this method, and the influence of speed on the velocity uniformity was further discussed. The length of uniform section was negatively correlated with the rotational speed (average velocity), which was between 39 cm and 101 cm in the straight, and the uniformity coefficient was less than 10%. Finally, the water flow characteristics in the straight channel without wheel were compared with the natural open channel flow. The longitudinal velocity was well fitted with the Prandtl logarithmic distribution formula (R2 > 0.977), and the application feasibility of the flume was analyzed. This study can provide technical support for the development and application of annular flume.

scholarly journals FEI Tecnai G2 F20

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Luysberg ◽  
Marc Heggen ◽  
Karsten Tillmann
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Electron Loss ◽  
High Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Elemental Maps

The FEI Titan Tecnai G2 F20 is a versatile transmission electron microscope which is equipped with a Gatan Tridiem 863P post column image filter (GIF) and a high angle energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector. This set up allows for a variety of experiments such as conventional imaging and diffraction, recording of bright- and dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images, or acquiring elemental maps extracted from energy electron loss spectra (EELS) or EDX signals.

scholarly journals Can Plant Phenolic Compounds Protect the Skin from Airborne Particulate Matter?

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chool Boo
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Airborne Particulate

The skin is directly exposed to the polluted atmospheric environment, and skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and acne vulgaris, can be induced or exacerbated by airborne particulate matter (PM). PM can also promote premature skin aging with its accompanying functional and morphological changes. PM-induced skin diseases and premature skin aging are largely mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the harmful effects of PM may be ameliorated by safe and effective natural antioxidants. Experimental studies have shown that the extracts and phenolic compounds derived from many plants, such as cocoa, green tea, grape, pomegranate, and some marine algae, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on PM-exposed cells. The phenolic compounds can decrease the levels of ROS in cells and/or enhance cellular antioxidant capacity and, thereby, can attenuate PM-induced oxidative damage to nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. They also lower the levels of cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, prostaglandins, and matrix metalloproteinases implicated in cellular inflammatory responses to PM. Although there is still much research to be done, current studies in this field suggest that plant-derived phenolic compounds may have a protective effect on skin exposed to high levels of air pollution.

scholarly journals Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Environmental Science: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Si ◽  
Jian-gang Shi ◽  
Daizhong Tang ◽  
Shiping Wen ◽  
Wei Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Application Framework ◽  
Knowledge Domain

Since the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was proposed by Ajzen in 1985, it has attracted extensive interest and been widely applied worldwide. Although an increasing number of studies have employed the TPB in the domain of environmental science, there have been no attempts to retrospectively analyze existing articles. The current study aimed to holistically understand the application status of the TPB in environmental science from a knowledge domain visualization perspective. A total of 531 journal articles were obtained through the Scopus database to perform a bibliometric analysis and content analysis. The results showed that waste management, green consumption, climate and environment, saving and conservation, and sustainable transportation are the primary research topics; the United States (U.S.), Mainland China, the United Kingdom (UK), and Malaysia are the most productive countries/regions. Moreover, the cross-disciplinary situations, main source journals, and key articles were revealed. Furthermore, the extended factors, integrated theories, major methods, specific groups, and control variables of environmental science research using the TPB were elaborated and integrated into a comprehensive application framework. Constructive criticisms were ultimately discussed. The findings contribute in several ways to help relevant researchers learn about the application of TPB to environmental science and provide new insights and holistic references for further research on environment-related behavior.

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