Percolation on interdependent networks with different group size distributions under targeted attack

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifei Zang ◽  
Xinsheng Ji ◽  
Shuxin Liu ◽  
Yingle Li
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Real World ◽  
Phase Transition Point ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Interdependent Networks ◽  
Targeted Attacks ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Relationship

Traditional research studies on interdependent networks with groups ignore the relationship between nodes in dependency groups. In real-world networks, nodes in the same group may support each other through cooperation and tend to fail or survive together. In this paper, based on the framework of group percolation, a cascading failure model on interdependent networks with cooperative dependency groups under targeted attacks is proposed, and the effect of group size distributions on the robustness of interdependent networks is investigated. The mutually giant component and phase transition point of networks with different group size distributions are analyzed. The effectiveness of the theory is verified through simulations. Results show that the robustness of interdependent networks with cooperative dependency groups can be enhanced by increasing the heterogeneity between groups under targeted attacks. The theory can well predict the numerical simulation results. This model provides some theoretical guidance for designing robust interdependent systems in real world.

Cascading Failure Model of Interdependent Power Networks Based on Load Redistribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2995-3000
Author(s):  
Run Ze Wu ◽  
Bao Jian Zhang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Xiao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Power Networks ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Interdependent Networks ◽  
Load Redistribution ◽  
Distribution Distance

With the development of networks, the relationships between networks have also been increasingly intimate. It is envisioned that these interdependent networks are more vulnerable. In order to study the robustness of interdependent networks, in this paper, we characterize a load redistribution model based on distance and cascading failure model about interdependent communication network and power network. The failure model joined the load factor on the basis of the penetration model. We analyze the influence of different distribution distance threshold to interdependent networks. The simulation shows that global redistribution yields better performance and enough capacity cannot prevent cascading failure completely.

Energy-supported cascading failure model on interdependent networks considering control nodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 522 ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Tian ◽  
Zhengcheng Dong ◽  
Mingjian Cui ◽  
Jianhui Wang ◽  
Xianpei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Interdependent Networks

Subjective Fear Dilutes as Group Size Increases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
dean mobbs ◽  
Ellen Tedeschi ◽  
Anastasia Buyalskaya ◽  
Brian Silston
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Real World ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Group Living ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Risk Dilution

According to Hamilton’s Selfish Herd Theory, a crucial survival benefit of group living is that it provides a ‘risk dilution’ function against predation. Despite a large literature on group living benefits in animals, few studies have been conducted on how group size alters subjective fear or threat perception in humans, and on what factors drive preferences for being in groups when facing threats. We conducted seven experiments (N=3,838) to test (A) if the presence of others decreases perception of threat under a variety of conditions. In studies 1 to 3, we experimentally manipulated group size in hypothetical and real-world situations, to show that fear responses decreased as group size increased. In studies 4 to 7 we again used a combination of hypothetical, virtual and real-world decisions to test (B) how internal states (e.g. anxiety) and external factors (e.g. threat level, availability of help) affected participants’ preference for groups. Participants consistently chose larger groups when threat and anxiety were high. Overall, our findings show that group size provides a salient signal of protection and safety.

A Fitting Solution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Kashimura ◽  
Takafumi Kawasaki Jr. ◽  
Nozomi Ikeya ◽  
Dave Randall
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Plant Construction ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Complex Scenario ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter provides an ethnography of a complex scenario involving the construction of a power plant and, in so doing, tries to show the importance of a practice-based approach to the problem of technical and organizational change. The chapter reports on fieldwork conducted in a highly complex and tightly coupled environment: power plant construction. The ethnography describes work practices on three different sites and describes and analyses their interlocking dependencies, showing the difficulties encountered at each location and the way in which the delays that result cascade through the different sites. It goes on to describe some technological solutions that are associated with augmented reality and that are being designed in response to the insights gained from the fieldwork. The chapter also reflects more generally on the relationship between fieldwork and design in real-world contexts.

OP48 Nursing Requirements In Long-Term Care: A Health Technology Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Paula Corabian ◽  
Charles Yan ◽  
Susan Armijo-Olivo ◽  
Bing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Real World ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Staff Time ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionThe objectives of this study were to systematically review published research on the relationship between nursing staff coverage, care hours, and quality of care (QoC) in long-term care (LTC) facilities; and to conduct a real world evidence (RWE) analysis using Alberta real world data (RWD) to inform policy makers on whether any amendments could be made to current regulations.MethodsA systematic review (SR) of research evidence published between January 2000 and May 2018 on the relationship between nursing staff coverage, care hours, and QoC in LTC facilities was conducted. Panel data regressions using available RWD from Alberta, Canada, were performed to assess associations between nursing care hours and LTC outcomes. Outcomes of interest included quality indicators related to resident outcomes, hospital admissions, emergency room visits and family satisfaction. Nursing care hours considered in SR and RWE analysis included those provided by registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs).ResultsThe SR found inconsistent and poor quality evidence relevant to the questions of interest, indicating a great uncertainty about the association between nursing staff time and type of coverage and QoC. Although some positive indications were suggested, major weaknesses of reviewed studies limited interpretation of SR results. RWE analysis found that impact of care hours on LTC outcomes was heterogeneous, dependent on outcome measurements. There was evidence that total staff, RN, and LPN hours had positive effects on some resident outcomes and magnitude of effect differed for different nursing staff.ConclusionsNo definitive conclusion could be drawn on whether changing nursing staff time or nursing staff coverage models would affect residents’ outcomes based on the research evidence gathered in the SR. RWE analysis helped to fill a gap in the available published literature and allowed policy makers to better understand the impact of revising current regulations based on actual outcomes.

scholarly journals Improvement on Load-Induced Cascading Failure in Asymmetrical Interdependent Networks: Modeling and Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Han ◽  
Rennong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Small World ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Interdependent Networks ◽  
Interdependent Network ◽  
Capacity Model ◽  
Weight Structure ◽  
Edge Failure ◽  
Asymmetrical Model

Many real-world systems can be depicted as interdependent networks and they usually show an obvious property of asymmetry. Furthermore, node or edge failure can trigger load redistribution which leads to a cascade of failure in the whole network. In order to deeply investigate the load-induced cascading failure, firstly, an asymmetrical model of interdependent network consisting of a hierarchical weighted network and a WS small-world network is constructed. Secondly, an improved “load-capacity” model is applied for node failure and edge failure, respectively, followed by a series of simulations of cascading failure over networks in both interdependent and isolated statuses. The simulation results prove that the robustness in isolated network changes more promptly than that in the interdependent one. Network robustness is positively related to “capacity,” but negatively related to “load.” The hierarchical weight structure in the subnetwork leads to a “plateau” phenomenon in the progress of cascading failure.

scholarly journals A Cascading Failure Model Considering Operation Characteristics of the Communication Layer

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 9493-9504
Author(s):  
Geng Zhang ◽  
Jiawen Shi ◽  
Shiyan Huang ◽  
Jiye Wang ◽  
Hao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Communication Layer ◽  
Operation Characteristics

Waltzing on Rooftops and Cobblestones

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-55
Author(s):  
Ailbhe Warde-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Real World ◽  
World History ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Open World ◽  
Integrated Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between music, sound, space, and time plays a crucial role in attempts to define the concept of “immersion” in video games. Isabella van Elferen’s ALI (affect-literacy-interaction) model for video game musical immersion offers one of the most integrated approaches to reading connections between sonic cues and the “magic circle” of gameplay. There are challenges, however, in systematically applying this primarily event-focused model to particular aspects of the “open-world” genre. Most notable is the dampening of narrative and ludic restrictions afforded by more intricately layered textual elements, alongside open-ended in-game environments that allow for instances of more nonlinear, exploratory gameplay. This article addresses these challenges through synthesizing the ALI model with more spatially focused elements of Gordon Calleja’s player involvement model, exploring sonic immersion in greater depth via the notion of spatiotemporal involvement. This presents a theoretical framework that broadens analysis beyond a simple focus on the immediate narrative or ludic sequence. Ubisoft’s open-world action-adventure franchise Assassin’s Creed is a particularly useful case study for the application of this concept. This is primarily because of its characteristic focus on blending elements of the historical game and the open-world game through its use of real-world history and geography. Together, the series’s various diegetic and nondiegetic sonic elements invite variable degrees of participation in “historical experiences of virtual space.” The outcome of this research intends to put such intermingled expressions of space, place, and time at the forefront of a ludomusicological approach to immersion in the open-world genre.

Impacts of online and offline Islamophobia

Islamophobia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Zempi ◽  
Imran Awan
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the implications of online/offline Islamophobia for victims including increased feelings of vulnerability, fear and insecurity. Participants also suffered a range of psychological and emotional responses such as low confidence, depression and anxiety. Additionally, participants highlighted the relationship between online and offline Islamophobia, and described living in fear because of the possibility of online threats materialising in the ‘real world’. Many participants reported taking steps to become less ‘visible’ for example by taking the headscarf or face veil off for women and shaving their beards for men.

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