Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract (EGb761) Combined with Neuroprotective Agents Reduces the Infarct Volumes of Gerbil Ischemic Brain

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 803-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ying Chung ◽  
Fu-Chou Cheng ◽  
Ming-Shih Lee ◽  
Jing-Ying Lin ◽  
Ming-Cheng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
Fk 506 ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf

Ginkgo biloba exerts many pharmacological actions. It possesses antioxidant properties, the ability of neurotransmitter/receptor modulation and antiplatelet activation factor. This research is designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of long-term treatment with EGb761 (a standard form of the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf) in combination with MgSO 4, FK506, or MK-801 on the infarct volume of male gerbils' brain induced by unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Thirty-five gerbils fed a standard diet were intragastrically given water or EGb761 (100 mg/kg/day) for one week. Five randomized groups were established: control ( n = 7), EGb 761 ( n = 8), EGb 761 + MgSO 4 ( n = 7), EGb 761 + FK 506 ( n = 7), and EGb 761 + MK -801 ( n = 6). The three drug-combination groups were injected with MgSO 4 (90 mg/kg), FK506 (0.5 mg/kg), or MK-801 (1 mg/kg), respectively 30 min before MCAO. Gerbils were anesthetized and craniectomized to expose the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). The right MCA was constricted with an 8-0 suture to produce a permanent ligation for 24 hours. Postmortem infarct volumes were determined by quantitative image analysis of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-stained brain sections. Results showed that the total infarct volumes of the four treated groups either EGb761 alone or in combination with drugs were lower than the control group by 36.1% (EGb761 alone), 40.3% ( EGb 761 + MgSO 4), 35.3% ( EGb 761 + FK 506), and 56.4% ( EGb 761 + MK -801), respectively ( p < 0.01). The main affected areas of the brain in the four treated groups were significantly focused between 4 and 6 mm from the frontal pole, when compared to the control group ( p < 0.01). All animals in the five groups had infarctions in both cortex and subcortex. These results indicate that long-term pre-treatment of EGb761 administered either alone or in combination with drugs significantly effective neuroprotection on infarct volume in gerbil ischemic brains.

Effect of One Week Treatment with Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb761) on Ischemia-Induced Infarct Volume in Gerbils

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ying Chung ◽  
Ming-Fu Wang ◽  
Jing-Ying Lin ◽  
Ming-Cheng Lin ◽  
Hui-Ming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
The Right

The present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb761) in male gerbils subjected to focal cerebral ischemia produced by permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. In this study, gerbils were fed standard chow with or without EGb761 (100 mg/kg/day, i.g.) prior to cerebral ischemia for 1 week. Gerbils were anesthetized and craniectomized to expose the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). The right MCA was constricted with an 8-0 suture to produce a permanent ligation. Infarct volume was assessed by TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride) staining 24 hours after initiation of cerebral ischemia. Results showed that the EGb761 group had significant reduction of infarct volume 4 and 6 mm from the frontal pole by 40% and 30%, respectively when compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). Mean locomotor activity of gerbils was reduced 24 hours after the occlusion of the MCA in both groups. However, there was no difference in locomotor activity between groups either 30 minutes before or 24 hours after the occlusion ( p < 0.05).

scholarly journals The study of the impacts of ‘Running’ on the contact area of soles and maximal strength among elite middle distance runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Uzun ◽  
Latif Aydos ◽  
Metin Kaya ◽  
Mehmet Fatih Yuksel ◽  
Hacı Ahmet Pekel
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Right

It is possible that running training for many years in athletics affects athletes' running patterns and sole structure. The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of maximal force applied to the floor area and contact area of the athletes with related to mid-distance training for athletics. 18 male athletes who represent Turkey on the International area and another 25 male volunteers who form the control group from the participants of the study. The sole pressure measurement of the participants was performed through the use of EMED-SF (Novel H, Munich, Germany) plantar pressure analysis system (pedobarographic analysis).  In the study, significant differences were found in heel medial, heel lateral, foot middle, 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatars heads and left foot 3rd, 4th, 5th finger in the contact area values of the right and left foot averages. Besides, significant differences were found in heel medial, middle part of feet, 2nd and 3rd metatars heads and 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th fingers in maximal force values. Athletes have pressed on sole of the feet more as a result of long-term training and as a consequence this pressure caused a change of the soles contact area and maximal strength. Also it can be said that they have used forefront part of soles more actively during running and walking.   Keywords: runner foot sole, contact area, middle distance, pedobarographic.

scholarly journals Failure of MK-801 to reduce infarct volume in thrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Stroke ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yao ◽  
M D Ginsberg ◽  
B D Watson ◽  
R Prado ◽  
W D Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Reduce Infarct Volume

scholarly journals Phytopharmacology of standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (Demence - strašák 21. století) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Vilma Vranová
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf

scholarly journals Cardiac Changes in Patients on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Santarpia ◽  
Roberta Esposito ◽  
Andrea Vaccaro ◽  
Lucia Alfonsi ◽  
Maria Carmen Pagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fluid ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function

Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) on long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) chronically receive high fluid volumes directly into the right atrium (RA) through the superior vena cava. We retrospectively evaluated cardiac function measured by routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a population of 26 SBS patients on long-term HPN and compared their data on echocardiograph-derived right heart structure and function, with those of a control group of 26 patients also bearing a central venous catheter (CVC) for other reasons. Results showed that body weight and BMI were significantly higher in the control group. The echocardiographic estimate of RA pressure was higher in HPN patients than in controls (p = 0.01). An increased estimate of RA pressure indicates the need to consider TTE in the follow-up of long-term HPN patients to detect functional impairment early.

Abstract T P82: Long-Term Neurorestorative Effect of α-lipoic Acid Treatment in Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangho Choi ◽  
Joon-Tae Kim ◽  
Man-Seok Park ◽  
Ki-Hyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ischemic Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rotarod Test

Introduction: A considerable body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress is a fundamental mechanism of brain damage in stroke. A recent study suggests that the antioxidant properties of alpha-lipoic acid (aLA) correlate with its ability to promote neuroproliferation. However, there have been no reports of comprehensive studies examining the neurorestorative effects of aLA administered after the onset of ischemia. Hypothesis: The neuroprotective effects of acute treatment with ALA on neuroproliferation and long-term functional recovery following cerebral ischemic injury were examined using an animal model of clinical stroke with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: The middle cerebral artery (MCA) of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded for 2 h and then reperfused. To examine the effect of ALA on brain infarction, ALA (20 mg/kg body weight) was administered after the induction of anesthesia in 71 animals (ALA group) through the left external jugular vein immediately after reperfusion of the left MCAO. An equivalent volume of vehicle was administrated to 71 animals (control group) using the same procedure. A neurologic examination was performed at defined points after MCAO and a neurological deficit score (NDS) was obtained. Motor impairment was assessed by the accelerating rotarod test. Levels of endogenous neural precursor and glial cell were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Immediate aLA administration group after reperfusion significantly reduced the mortality, infarct size, and NDS than control group (n=71, P=0.005, P=0.002, and P=0.001, respectively). Long-term functional outcomes by Rotarod test were also markedly improved by aLA treatment (P=0.013). After 7 and 14 days of treatment, significantly more cells were labeled with BrdU, nestin, and GFAP in the aLA-treated rats along the infarct and infarct core regions. Significantly more BrdU/GFAP double-labeled cells were observed in the subventricular zone of the aLA group on days 7 and 14. Conclusions: These results indicate that urgent treatment with aLA after ischemic injury may have significant neurorestorative effects through enhanced neuroproliferation. aLA may be a useful intervention for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

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