A Useful Diagnostic Method for Drug-induced Pneumonitis

A 51 year-old male was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. Chest X -ray films and his history of taking Chinese medicine for liver dysfunction were suggestive of drug-induced pneumonitis. Lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) to causative Chinese medical drugs of Sho-saiko-to and Dai-saiko-to was negative with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), but was positive with Iymphocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In vivo challenge test for Sho-saiko-to was positive. The LST with BALF-lymphocytes proved to be very useful in making a diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonitis.

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Cisplatin-Induced Eosinophilic Pneumonia

Case Reports in Pulmonology ◽

10.1155/2014/209732 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Hideharu Ideguchi ◽

Keisuke Kojima ◽

Susumu Hirosako ◽

Hidenori Ichiyasu ◽

Kazuhiko Fujii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Ground Glass Opacity ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Eosinophilic Pneumonia ◽

Lymphocyte Stimulation Test ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Chest Computed Tomography

A 67-year-old man suffering from esophageal cancer was admitted to our hospital complaining of dyspnea and hypoxemia. He had been treated with cisplatin, docetaxel, and fluorouracil combined with radiotherapy. Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral ground-glass opacity, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed increased eosinophils. Two episodes of transient eosinophilia in peripheral blood were observed after serial administration of anticancer drugs before the admission, and drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test to cisplatin was positive. Thus cisplatin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia was suspected, and corticosteroid was effectively administered. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cisplatin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia.

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Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Utilized Ex Vivo to Validate In Vivo Findings: Inhibition of Gap Junction Activity in Lung Tumor Promotion is Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent

Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis ◽

10.4172/2155-9929.1000160 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 05 (01) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ross S Osgood

Keyword(s):

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Gap Junction ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Lung Tumor ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Tumor Promotion ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

Toll Like Receptor 4

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Actinomyces graevenitziiPulmonary Abscess Mimicking Tuberculosis in a Healthy Young Man

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2014/841480 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. e75-e77 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Smaranda Gliga ◽

Mathilde Devaux ◽

Marine Gosset Woimant ◽

Dominique Mompoint ◽

Christian Perronne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

High Dose ◽

Pulmonary Actinomycosis ◽

History Of ◽

Right Lobe

Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease that is often misdiag-nosed as tuberculosis or lung cancer.Actinomyces graevenitziiis a relatively new recognizedActinomycesspecies isolated from various clinical samples. The authors report a case of pulmonary actinomycosis caused byA graevenitzii. A computed tomography examination revealed an excavated consolidation in the middle right lobe of a previously healthy young man who presented with a long history of moderate cough. Cultures of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary abscess caused byA gravenitzii. At the three-month follow-up consultation and, after six weeks of high-dose amoxicillin, the pulmonary lesion had completely disappeared.

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Chronic cough and cystic lung disease caused byBordetella bronchisepticain a patient with AIDS

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2018-228741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. e228741

Author(s):

Muhammad Sameed ◽

Scott Sullivan ◽

Ellen T Marciniak ◽

Janaki Deepak

Keyword(s):

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Lower Lobe ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Cystic Lung ◽

Breath Sounds ◽

Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

History Of ◽

Fluid Culture

A 24-year-old man with a history of HIV and large B cell lymphoma (currently in remission) presented with fever, dry cough and dizziness. His CD4+ count was undetectable, and the HIV viral load was 109 295 cop/mL. Physical examination revealed fever, hypotension and tachycardia with coarse breath sounds in the middle and lower chest zones bilaterally. Chest imaging showed diffuse abnormal micronodular and patchy infiltrates, without focal consolidation. A cavitary lesion was noted measuring 5×2 cm in axial dimensions within the left lower lobe and multiple small cystic lesions in the background. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture grewBordetella bronchiseptica. The patient was empirically treated with vancomycin and piperacillin–tazobactam for multifocal pneumonia with concerns for sepsis and was started on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) with abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine. Symptoms improved after day 3 of therapy, and the patient was discharged home on 2 weeks of moxifloxacin, in addition to the cART and appropriate chemoprophylaxis.

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Epinephrine promotes pulmonary angiitis: evidence for a β1-adrenoreceptor-mediated mechanism

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00248.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 285 (1) ◽

pp. L232-L239 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Felipe A. Jain ◽

Long-hai Zhao ◽

Martin K. Selig ◽

Richard L. Kradin

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Airway Inflammation ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Vascular Inflammation ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Fibrin Deposition ◽

Effector Phase ◽

Sensitization Phase

Epinephrine (Epi) increases lymphocyte traffic to lung. We investigated whether Epi also modulates pulmonary cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with hen-egg lysozyme (HEL) on day 0, challenged with HEL intratracheally at day 12, and killed at day 15. Mice received Epi (0.5 mg/kg) subcutaneously during the sensitization phase, days 1–7 (Epi-SP), or the effector phase, days 12–14 (Epi-EP); controls received saline subcutaneously. Epi-SP mice showed increased airway inflammation ( P < 0.03) and pulmonary angiitis ( P < 0.04) characterized by endothelialitis and subendothelial fibrin deposition. Macrophages and granulocytes were increased in perivascular cuffs in situ ( P < 0.001). CD3+ lymphocytes increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas NK1.1+ and CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes decreased (all P < 0.05). Atenolol, a selective β1-adrenoreceptor (AR) antagonist, inhibited the increased vascular and airway inflammation and the reduction in CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes (all P < 0.05) yielded by Epi, whereas all α/β-AR blockers inhibited airway inflammation. We conclude that Epi-EP selectively promotes vascular inflammation in vivo via a β1-receptor-mediated mechanism.

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Remdesivir: A Closer Look at Its Effect in COVID-19 Pandemic

Pharmacology ◽

10.1159/000518440 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Huda R. Taha ◽

Nour Keewan ◽

Farah Slati ◽

Nour A. Al-Sawalha

Keyword(s):

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

High Selectivity ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Nucleotide Analog ◽

Positive Results ◽

Adenosine Nucleotide

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiology of COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in significant harm to the affected countries in every aspect of life. The virus infected over 139 million patients and resulted in over 2.9 million deaths until April 16, 2021. New variants of this virus were identified that spread rapidly worldwide. Summary: Remdesivir, a prodrug of adenosine nucleotide analog, is an antiviral with a broad spectrum of activity that was tested on SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome infections. In vitro studies conducted on SARS-CoV-2 revealed that remdesivir inhibited viral replication with high selectivity index in cell cultures. In vivo studies showed that remdesivir reduced viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and attenuated pulmonary infiltrates in infected animals. Further, remdesivir showed promising results in terms of clinical improvement, shortening the recovery time, mortality rate, and the duration of oxygen need, despite that some clinical trials did not reveal significant effect on remdesivir use. Several studies showed positive results of remdesivir against the new variants. Key Messages: Remdesivir showed a promising beneficial effect against new variants of SARS-CoV-2, but more clinical evidence is needed to confirm this effect.

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A Case Series of Pulmonary Mucormycosis Caused by Rhizopus Microsporus

Austin Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mei Y ◽

◽

Sun P ◽

Wang Z ◽

Huang X ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Case Series ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Rhizopus Microsporus ◽

Fatal Disease ◽

Ionization Time ◽

Pulmonary Mucormycosis ◽

History Of ◽

Very High

Mucormycosis is a relatively uncommon but intractable fungal infectious disease. The mortality is very high when it occurs. In this study, we reported a continuous cases of pulmonary mucormycosis in three patients who suffered from chronic kidney disease, history of renal transplantation and multiple myeloma in April 2017, respectively. Cultures were obtained from several specimens (pathological tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum) and all identified as Rhizopus microsporus by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time- Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and ITS DNA sequencing methods. In addition, they all showed susceptibility to amphotericin B and posaconazole. Unfortunately, even through the three patients all treated with amphotericin B and posaconazole, one man still died eventually. Clinicians should keep an eye on patients who are at high risk of acquiring this fatal disease and make early intervention strategies to reduce terrible outcomes.

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MUC1 ectodomain is a flagellin-targeting decoy receptor and biomarker operative during Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02242-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Avelino C. Verceles ◽

Pavan Bhat ◽

Zain Nagaria ◽

Destiny Martin ◽

Harsh Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Wild Type Strain ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Airway Epithelial ◽

Wild Type ◽

Epithelial Surface ◽

Decoy Receptor ◽

Neu1 Sialidase

AbstractWe previously reported that flagellin-expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) provokes NEU1 sialidase-mediated MUC1 ectodomain (MUC1-ED) desialylation and MUC1-ED shedding from murine lungs in vivo. Here, we asked whether Pa in the lungs of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia might also increase MUC1-ED shedding. The levels of MUC1-ED and Pa-expressed flagellin were dramatically elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) harvested from Pa-infected patients, and each flagellin level, in turn, predicted MUC1-ED shedding in the same patient. Desialylated MUC1-ED was only detected in BALF of Pa-infected patients. Clinical Pa strains increased MUC1-ED shedding from cultured human alveolar epithelia, and FlaA and FlaB flagellin-expressing strains provoked comparable levels of MUC1-ED shedding. A flagellin-deficient isogenic mutant generated dramatically reduced MUC1-ED shedding compared with the flagellin-expressing wild-type strain, and purified FlaA and FlaB recapitulated the effect of intact bacteria. Pa:MUC1-ED complexes were detected in the supernatants of alveolar epithelia exposed to wild-type Pa, but not to the flagellin-deficient Pa strain. Finally, human recombinant MUC1-ED dose-dependently disrupted multiple flagellin-driven processes, including Pa motility, Pa biofilm formation, and Pa adhesion to human alveolar epithelia, while enhancing human neutrophil-mediated Pa phagocytosis. Therefore, shed desialylated MUC1-ED functions as a novel flagellin-targeting, Pa-responsive decoy receptor that participates in the host response to Pa at the airway epithelial surface.

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Expression of selected miRNA, RARβ and FHIT genes in BALf of squamous cell lung cancer (squamous-cell carcinoma, SCC) patients: a pilot study

Molecular Biology Reports ◽

10.1007/s11033-019-05057-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 6593-6597

Author(s):

Agata Dutkowska ◽

Adam Antczak ◽

Daria Domańska-Senderowska ◽

Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Lung Carcinogenesis ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

History Of ◽

Fhit Protein ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Two suppressor genes which often undergo epigenetic silencing during the early stages of lung carcinogenesis are those encoding retinoic acid receptor-β (RARβ) and Fhit protein (FHIT). RARβ expression is regulated by miRNA-34a and miRNA-141, and FHIT expression by miRNA-143 and miRNA-217. The aim of the study was to assess how selected miRNAs regulate the expression of their targeted genes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf), obtained from patients with SCC of the lung. It also examines the relationship between the genetic findings and the clinical and pathomorphological features of the tumor. A total of 50 BALf samples were taken: 25 from patients with SCC and 25 from healthy donors. The expression (RQ) of the selected genes was analyzed by qPCR, as well as the miRNA level, with a particular emphasis on the relationship between the expression of the genes themselves and their corresponding miRNAs; in addition, the expression of the genes and miRNAs were compared with the pathomorphological features of the tumor and the clinical features of patients. Analysis of the RQ values showed downregulation of RARß, FHIT and miRNA-34a and increased expression of miRNA-141, miRNA-143 and miRNA-217 in all BALf samples (P > 0.05). No correlation was found between the expression of the selected genes and corresponding miRNAs, history of smoking, cancer stage, age and sex of the patients. The presence of the selected genes and miRNAs in BALf material does not seem to have diagnostic potential in patients with SCC; however, the results should be verified on a larger group of patients.

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